The Hysterectomy Association produce a free booklet for everyone to download, it is called Hysterectomy, The Basics and it’s a great place to start finding the information you need to help make your experience of hysterectomy as positive as possible. In fact, we know from research that having plenty of information actually means that you can have an easier and quicker recovery.
Adherent placenta occurs when there is a defect in the decidua basalis, Resulting in an abnormal invasion of the placenta directly into the substance of the uterus
LSCS is the most common obstetric procedure but it can be very difficult to manage in cases of previous LSCS, low lying placenta, and PPH. please check out the youtube links to the videos embedded in this PPT.
ADHESIOLYSIS DURING LSCS https://youtu.be/2Hv80v3yu20
BLADDER DISSECTION https://youtu.be/6qsaTJ1yRUY
RECTUS SHEATH ADHESIOLYSIS https://youtu.be/SryJHjuGsME
VECTIS IN FLOATING HEAD DURING LSCS https://youtu.be/3PECperU8Cw
BREECH DELIVERY https://youtu.be/i-LcmTNNVvU
TRANSVERSE LIE WITH IUFD https://youtu.be/hG28uqpkdpU
CONJOINT TWINS https://youtu.be/KLR7D6wkf38
LSCS IN PLACENTA PREVIA https://youtu.be/dNKQwt4KhVY
SYSTEMATIC PELVIC DEVASCULARISATION https://youtu.be/UwSH6V6GBVw
Adherent placenta occurs when there is a defect in the decidua basalis, Resulting in an abnormal invasion of the placenta directly into the substance of the uterus
LSCS is the most common obstetric procedure but it can be very difficult to manage in cases of previous LSCS, low lying placenta, and PPH. please check out the youtube links to the videos embedded in this PPT.
ADHESIOLYSIS DURING LSCS https://youtu.be/2Hv80v3yu20
BLADDER DISSECTION https://youtu.be/6qsaTJ1yRUY
RECTUS SHEATH ADHESIOLYSIS https://youtu.be/SryJHjuGsME
VECTIS IN FLOATING HEAD DURING LSCS https://youtu.be/3PECperU8Cw
BREECH DELIVERY https://youtu.be/i-LcmTNNVvU
TRANSVERSE LIE WITH IUFD https://youtu.be/hG28uqpkdpU
CONJOINT TWINS https://youtu.be/KLR7D6wkf38
LSCS IN PLACENTA PREVIA https://youtu.be/dNKQwt4KhVY
SYSTEMATIC PELVIC DEVASCULARISATION https://youtu.be/UwSH6V6GBVw
Uterus Transplantation Utx (obstetric and gynecology) D.A.B.M
Is the surgical procedure whereby a healthy uterus is transplanted into an organism of which the uterus is absent or diseased.
As part of normal mammalian sexual reproduction, a diseased or absent uterus does not allow normal embryonic implantation, effectively rendering the female infertile.
This phenomenon is known as Absolute Uterine Factor Infertility (AUFI).
Uterine transplant is a potential treatment for this form of infertility.
Uterus is a dynamic, complex organ. It is hugely blood-flow dependent.
More than 116,000 Number of men, women and children on the national transplant waiting list as of August 2017.
33,611 transplants were performed in 2016.
20 people die each day waiting for a transplant.
every 10 minutes another person is added to the waiting list.
THIS WAS PRESENTED AT SAFOG MOGS "SMART CONFERENCE "IN MUMBAI
PREPARED WITH HELP OF DR SUCHITRA PANDIT,DR CN PURANDARE AND DR ALPESH GANDHI.....VIDEOS CAN BE SEEN AT U TUBE
Uterus Transplantation Utx (obstetric and gynecology) D.A.B.M
Is the surgical procedure whereby a healthy uterus is transplanted into an organism of which the uterus is absent or diseased.
As part of normal mammalian sexual reproduction, a diseased or absent uterus does not allow normal embryonic implantation, effectively rendering the female infertile.
This phenomenon is known as Absolute Uterine Factor Infertility (AUFI).
Uterine transplant is a potential treatment for this form of infertility.
Uterus is a dynamic, complex organ. It is hugely blood-flow dependent.
More than 116,000 Number of men, women and children on the national transplant waiting list as of August 2017.
33,611 transplants were performed in 2016.
20 people die each day waiting for a transplant.
every 10 minutes another person is added to the waiting list.
THIS WAS PRESENTED AT SAFOG MOGS "SMART CONFERENCE "IN MUMBAI
PREPARED WITH HELP OF DR SUCHITRA PANDIT,DR CN PURANDARE AND DR ALPESH GANDHI.....VIDEOS CAN BE SEEN AT U TUBE
In this introductory remark at workshop on vaginal hysterectomy where Dr Shirish Seth was operating faculty.
I spoke “lets promote and propagate vaginal hysterectomy which is an indigenous surgery in line with PM Modi’s mission of MAKE IN INDIA.
Vaginal hysterectomy is like Aam admi surgery which is in the best interest of patients and has best scientific evidences in its favour."
Let us not be driven by glamour,gadgets and gimmicks."
Types Of Abortions. Which Kind of Abortion Should I Choose.pptxNeil Adams
Abortion pills used to safely and effectively terminate less than 10 weeks of pregnancy. View Abortion pill’s uses, side-effects, drug interactions and user FAQs only on OnlineGenericMedicine.
Dr. Patrick Treacy explains how the changes experienced
during and after pregnancy can lead women to seek aesthetic
procedures for a number of issues, including sagging skin,
stretch marks, and excess fat
The Alta Bates Fertility Clinic is one of the most successful IVF clinics treating numerous couples each year. We pride ourselves on being able to assist you in refinement of ovarian stimulation, embryo freezing and early egg donation.
Far too many people struggle to fall pregnant and conceive a child naturally. This generally drives most people to visit a doctor or specialist to find out why they have so much trouble conceiving and giving birth to healthy, happy babies.
In most cases, they’re given a diagnosis of infertility. Unfortunately, there are many different reasons for infertility, so this doesn’t always help. It’s known that ovarian cysts, PCOS and endometriosis can affect your fertility rate, as can a low sperm count. Some people are affected by other hormonal issues or more complicated problems, such as blocked or obstructed fallopian tubes.
A miscarriage, or spontaneous abortion, is an event that results in the loss of a fetus before 20 weeks of pregnancy. It typically happens during the first trimester, or first three months, of the pregnancy.
Cancer that
forms in the tissue lining the uterus (the small, hollow, pear-shaped
organ in a woman's pelvis in which a fetus develops). Most endometrial
cancers are adenocarcinomas (cancers that begin in cells that make and
release mucus and other fluids).
NCI
Get relief from pain and suffering caused by fibroid, successful low cost fibroid surgery in India is now available through leading medical tourism company.
Hysterectomy is a surgical procedure that is carried out to remove the uterus/womb. Visit Miracles Apollo Cradle/Spectra in Gurgaon and consult with Gynaecologist for Surgery.
Obesity is a life-long progressive, life threatening condition marked by the excess accumulation of body fat, which can significantly reduce life expectancy. When weight reaches extreme levels, it is called MORBID OBESITY and is a chronic condition with numerous medical, psychological and social consequences.
For more information visit - https://www.radiancehospitals.org/medical-treatment/bariatric-surgery
Similar to Hysterectomy - The Basics, The Hysterectomy Association Free Booklet (20)
Ten top things you shouldn't do when marketing your creative business. The presentation was given to the Dorset Centre for the Creative Arts on 27th January 2016.
4 simple things you can do to give your PowerPoint presentation more impact.
1. Use text boxes not bullet points
2. Use images and let the audience add the context
3. Write at 30pt font - if it doesn't fit, you've got way too much information there.
4. Use Smartart to demonstrate flow or simplify complex ideas.
5. Use one point per slide, make it simple, easy to understand and engaging and the audience will remember.
Social networking always starts with the profile. This is your chance to tell others who you are, what you do and what value you add to the world. It's where other social media bods will go to gather more information about you and to determine if you are are, in fact, who you say you are in practice. The perfect social media profile for LinkedIn has five different elements: the photograph, the headline, the summary, your contact details and of course some activity on LinkedIn itself.
Social media is the hot topic in marketing today but what’s all the fuss about and how can you make LinkedIn, Facebook, Twitter or Google+ work for your business?
This seminar will demystify the world of social media and offer top tips and practical information about how you can use Facebook, LinkedIn and Twitter to help drive sales for your business.
This presentation is for social media virgins and anyone who has put a toe in the water but is still unsure about whether they are really reaping the rewards.
The three faces of business are what we all work with every day. They are the face we present to the world, which we would like people to see; the face we hide away which is mostly our fears and the reality.
When we are in a networking meeting we will generally meet and get to know people, we'll tell people about us and our business, we'll exchange business cards and we'll make presentations. How do yuou take those skills online in LinkedIn?
This recipe for success is taken from the 3rd Edition of LinkedIn Made Easy. Finding a new job is quite a daunting prospect for many people. In much the same way employers have to take new recruits on blind faith that their resume and interview have given them the tools to be certain they will fit in; new employees will hope the post they have just accepted will give them the opportunity to develop their career further, in an environment that is both supportive and challenging. So how can LinkedIn ensure you find the perfect new position.
Technology changes rapidly - we only have to look at mobile devices to see this in action - and it is easy to assume that because the technology changes, the reason for using it does to. This would be a mistake.
The use of technology is the same now as it always was - communication, purely and simply and we forget this and the three simple rules at our peril.
Remember to keep it simple, keep it relevant and keep it appropriate.
The social web works well on mobile devices but only if it is used appropriately.
All non-profit organisations are focused on two things, what they need to deliver and how they are going to fund it. However, in today's hyper connected world these two foci are not enough; they need to think about motivation and engagement too.
A presentation on Social Media for Engagement and Funding in Non-Profits for the CLINKS Sustainable Funding Roadshow - Exeter, 1st February 2012
The Not for Profit Organisation, Charity and Social Enterprise has an amazing opportunity to harness the power of social media and social networking to deliver valuable benefits to all their stake-holders.
However, they can only achieve a true return on their investment of time, and sometimes money, if they have a complete strategy that takes into account the needs of every group they may engage with.
This presentation is given as one of a series of seminars for NFP Technology 2011, which takes place at the Business Design Centre in London.
Linda Parkinson-Hardman introduces delegates to the key areas they must address in order to create a strategy that works for their organisation right here, right now.
NFP Technology 2011 is a key landmark events in the Not For Profit calendar which enables technology companies and the Charity sector to come together to investigate and learn about the latest opportunities that now lie open to them.
BNI is the largest business referral organisation in the world and this presentation was given at two different leadership training days to help members understand how they can apply some of the principles and activities they adopt within a BNI meeting to a broader network of people that may be on Facebook, Twitter or LinkedIn.
How can you measure the return on your investment of time (ROI) on your activities on the likes of Facebook and Twitter without spending a fortune? The trick is to decide what your goal is and then look for the ways you can track your impact with the everyday tools we have at our disposal on the web already.
How do you know if your business social networking is effective? How do you know people are paying attention? If you aren't sure then these 5 simple steps will help you make your social networking more effective, more social and more intelligent.
Everyone presents many different faces to the world and each of those faces is a profile, regardless of whether the face is a business card, a website or a Linkedin profile. As each works with different audiences it is important to have a strategy to ensure you give the right information, to the right audience at the right time. This presentation is accompanied by the 'Your Profile Audit' document.
Groups are one of the most powerful systems in the world. Which ones you belong to dictates many aspects of our lives and the online groups such as Facebook and LinkedIn are no different.
Using social networking tools is vital to get any business noticed on the Internet these days. Using the A from the ACT Marketing model, this presentation talks you through how you can attract attention from potential customers and uses The Hysterectomy Association as an example.
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
2. Hysterectomy: For Women Only - The Hysterectomy Association
________________________________________________________________________________
2
INTRODUCTION
This booklet is not designed to give you all you could possibly know about
hysterectomy, rather it is an introduction that will help you to decide what
detailed information you might need. It contains links to other parts of the
website that will give you even more about each subject area. It also introduces
you to information about the menopause and hormone replacement therapy,
even if you don’t need to know about these things immediately it is worth
having the information to hand, just in case.
TIP: If you would like to receive a whole bunch of hints and tips, stories
and updates about hysterectomy research, then why not sign up for our
email alert service. This will send our latest news to your email address
whenever we update the site.
You won’t receive more than one email a day, we’ll never share your details
with anyone else and you can stop receiving them at any time. You can sign up
here: http://www.hysterectomy-association.org.uk/index.php/get-your-free-
hysterectomy-booklet-now/ or click on the big ‘get your free booklet’ button at
the top of every page on the site for more information.
Up to 40,000 hysterectomy operations are carried out by the NHS on women in
the UK every year and up to 20,000 more are done privately; almost 600,000
are carried out in the United States. It can and does help to ease many
gynaecological complaints, including fibroids, heavy and/or painful periods and
endometriosis. It is rarely performed for reasons of saving life except in the
case of bleeding after giving birth, but it can be a permanent cure for some
gynaecological cancers.
The majority of hysterectomies are performed when a woman is aged 35 - 55
but many do occur before and after this age group. Women, who have a
hysterectomy that removes their ovaries, as well as other organs, will go
through the menopause immediately after the operation regardless of their age
(if they haven’t already). Women who have a hysterectomy that leaves one or
3. Hysterectomy: For Women Only - The Hysterectomy Association
________________________________________________________________________________
3
both of their ovaries intact have a 50% chance of going through the menopause
within two to five years of their operation, again regardless of their age.
WHAT IS A HYSTERECTOMY?
Hysterectomy is the surgical removal of the womb (uterus). It is one of the
most common of all surgical procedures for women and can also involve the
removal of the fallopian tubes, ovaries and cervix to cure or help a number of
gynaecological complaints. Following this operation you will no longer have
periods, you will not be fertile and you will not be able to have any more
children.
There are two main ways to perform a
hysterectomy. The most common way
is to remove the womb through a cut in
the lower abdomen, the second, less
common, way is to remove only the
womb through a cut in the top of the
vagina, the top of vagina is then
stitched. There are variations on both
of these methods, including
laparoscopic hysterectomy. Each operation lasts between one to two hours and
is performed, in hospital, usually under a general anaesthetic.
The type of hysterectomy that you have will depend upon the condition it is
being used to treat and the gynaecologist you are seeing.
A “subtotal hysterectomy” removes the womb but leaves the cervix in place.
If you have this operation you will need to continue to have smear tests.
A “total hysterectomy” removes the womb and cervix.
A “total hysterectomy with bilateral (both) or unilateral (one) salpingo-
oopherectomy” removes the womb, cervix, fallopian tubes and both or one
of the ovaries.
A “Wertheim’s hysterectomy” removes the womb, cervix, part of the vagina,
fallopian tubes, peritoneum (this is the broad band of ligament below the
4. Hysterectomy: For Women Only - The Hysterectomy Association
________________________________________________________________________________
4
womb), the lymph glands and fatty tissue of the pelvis and possibly one or
both ovaries.
TIP: You can find out more about the types of hysterectomy in the
Information section of the website here: http://www.hysterectomy-
association.org.uk/index.php/information/what-is-a-hysterectomy/how-is-a-
hysterectomy-performed/
WHY DO YOU NEED THIS OPERATION?
Hysterectomy may sometimes become necessary for the following medical
reasons:
Heavy vaginal bleeding or bleeding that is irregular or very painful
Fibroids which cause pain, bleeding or are very large. A fibroid is a non-
cancerous growth of muscle and fibrous tissue.
Cancer of the womb, ovaries, fallopian tube/s or cervix
Endometriosis caused by tissues that normally form inside the womb forming
outside the womb in the abdominal cavity.
Prolapse of the womb, where the womb falls into the vagina.
Pelvic inflammatory disease or adhesions, including pelvic pain that is not
controlled by other means.
Uncontrollable bleeding after giving birth, often called post-partum
haemorrhage.
A hysterectomy may be recommended if none of the other treatments for these
conditions has been successful. When you actually have the hysterectomy will
depend on why you need it. Some of the conditions may clear up on their own
following menopause or after you have had a D&C operation (Dilation and
Curettage where the lining of the womb is scraped away and if necessary
examined).
You do need to be absolutely sure that you know what the operation will mean
for your long term future, this may result in preferring to live with your
condition if, for instance, you would like to have children at a later stage.
5. Hysterectomy: For Women Only - The Hysterectomy Association
________________________________________________________________________________
5
TIP: You can find more information about all the conditions that might
lead to a hysterectomy, together with information about alternative
treatments in the Information Section of the website here:
http://www.hysterectomy-association.org.uk/index.php/information/why-do-i-
need-a-hysterectomy/
How Can A Hysterectomy Affect You?
How you feel after having had a hysterectomy will depend a great deal on your
personal circumstances and why the operation became necessary in the first
place.
Physically, there are a number of issues that are common to all women having
a hysterectomy. You will not have any more periods and you will not be able to
have any more children. If you have had your ovaries removed you will go
through the menopause, regardless of your age. The menopause is not related
to age, it is related to the production of the female sex hormone, oestrogen.
Your GP and/or surgeon will discuss Hormone Replacement Therapy with you to
help you deal with the effects of the menopause. If you have not had your
ovaries removed and you have not gone through the menopause before your
operation, there is up to a 50% chance that you will also go through the
menopause within two to five years of having the operation.
Immediately following the operation you will spend some time in hospital
recovering: the length of time will depend on the type of operation you have
had. You will be encouraged to get out of bed as soon as possible; this helps
your recovery and will improve your circulation to avoid the danger of blood
clots forming. You may also experience painful wind that will gradually fade over
a few days.
Once at home you will be advised not to be too active for at least six weeks,
this is to give time for the muscles and tissues in the abdomen to heal. There
may be gentle exercises that your GP or surgeon may suggest and you will
probably be encouraged to walk (slowly) a little every day, try to increase the
length of time that you go out for on a daily basis, without pushing yourself too
6. Hysterectomy: For Women Only - The Hysterectomy Association
________________________________________________________________________________
6
hard. You should be aware that it can take a long time to recover from this type
of surgery, even up to twelve months. Generally however, after six - eight
weeks you should be able to return to work part-time and take on some lighter
household tasks.
Sexually, you may resume intercourse after about six weeks; however you
may find that it is different in some ways. This will depend again on why you
had your hysterectomy and the type of operation you have had.
Although most women report that their sex life improves following a
hysterectomy, as they are not experiencing pain any longer, others report that
they have different types or intensities of orgasm. This may be due to the
removal of the contractual muscles (the womb and cervix as it is not just the
clitoris that is involved in creating an orgasm. Therefore, orgasm may be less
intense when they have been removed.
It is also possible that a deficiency of the hormone, oestrogen, also affects a
woman’s sexuality. It is well documented that one of the symptoms of the
menopause is dryness of the vagina. We are now aware, as well, that the
hormone, testosterone, also plays a part in sexuality. The removal of both of
these hormones could contribute to a lack of sexual interest, frequency and
orgasm. These are symptoms that may be alleviated by the use of Hormone
Replacement Therapy or complimentary therapies.
Emotionally, being free of painful symptoms can mean that life becomes a
pleasure again and it can be wonderfully invigorating not to be tied to tampons
and pads any longer. However, although the majority of women will say that
their hysterectomy was a positive experience, there will be some for whom this
is not the case. Everyone is different and each woman will react to the operation
differently, whatever feelings you experience they are unique to you and are
your own way of dealing with a hysterectomy.
There may be a degree of depression following your operation. This may be
due to having gone through major surgery which is traumatic in itself.
However, you may also be dealing with the shock of finding that you had a
7. Hysterectomy: For Women Only - The Hysterectomy Association
________________________________________________________________________________
7
serious illness as well, and some women occasionally report a feeling of loss as
they are aware that they can no longer have children or that they feel they are
no longer “womanly”.
It has possible that some of these feelings may be due to the onset of the
menopause, as well as the lack of testosterone that occurs when the ovaries are
removed or fail. If you have had your ovaries removed or are suffering from
some other menopausal symptoms you may benefit from talking to your GP
about Hormone Replacement Therapy or a complimentary practitioner about
herbal and other remedies.
It often helps to talk about your experiences with other people in the same
position as yourself. There may be a menopause clinic or well woman clinic at
your hospital, surgery or nearest large town or you could try contacting one of
the many support organisations that are available for information and support.
TIP: If you would like to find out more about other women have
experienced their hysterectomy then why not read their stories, and
perhaps share your own, on the website here:
http://www.hysterectomy-association.org.uk/index.php/category/your-stories/
RECOVERING FROM A HYSTERECTOMY
Many women are surprised by how long it takes to recover from a
hysterectomy. The average length of time that it takes to return to work is
between 9 and 13 weeks, but this depends on why you have had the
hysterectomy and the type of work you do. Below is a guide to the types of the
things you might be able to do during the first six weeks of recovery. However,
do bear in mind that everyone is different and you may feel that these are too
fast or too slow, depending on your own circumstances. This list is taken from
the resources pack that comes with our book 101 Handy Hints for a Happy
Hysterectomy.
Week 1
No household tasks at all
8. Hysterectomy: For Women Only - The Hysterectomy Association
________________________________________________________________________________
8
Lie on (or in) the bed as much as necessary
Sleep when you need to
Do as many of the light exercises as possible
Shower daily
Walk around the house 2-3 times daily – on one floor if possible
Lie down, rather than sit
Sit, rather than stand
Week 2
Lie on (or in) the bed as much as necessary
Rest for at least two hours per day
Avoid long periods of sitting or standing
Help with washing up/drying dishes – sitting down if possible
Sit down to prepare vegetables
Daily walk outside – 10 minutes per day
Walking around the house – 2-3 times daily, including stairs once
Boil just enough water for a mug in a kettle
Week 3
Increase your walking by a 2 minutes daily
Try using the stairs at home 2-3 times a day
Light shopping in immediate vicinity – ie magazine or newspaper
Boil enough water for 2 mugs in the kettle
If you have any pain – stop immediately
Week 4
Start walking further outdoors – up to 20 minutes twice a day
You can probably go out in the car by now
Should be able to make tea and coffee for three people
Help with dusting
Week 5
Can probably start some light routine housework
May be able to drive a car
Can possibly use an upright vacuum cleaner
9. Hysterectomy: For Women Only - The Hysterectomy Association
________________________________________________________________________________
9
Try gentle pelvic floor exercises – stop if you feel pain
Try vacuuming with a cylinder cleaner (week 6-7)
Try bed making (but not changing duvets with either, stop if you have pain).
TIP: There is even more information about managing your recovery on
the website in our Frequently Asked Questions section. If you would
like to find our more about helping yourself then visit:
http://www.hysterectomy-association.org.uk/index.php/category/faq/
We also send out two weeks worth of recovery hints and tips by email and you
can request these by leaving your name and address on our free booklet page.
THE MENOPAUSE
If you have your ovaries removed at the time of your hysterectomy then you
will have an immediate menopause, regardless of your age. If you have a
hysterectomy and your ovaries are left intact then you have up to a 50%
chance of your ovaries failing within two to five years of your hysterectomy, this
may be because the blood supply to the womb has been cut off. Radiation
treatment following hysterectomy for cancer may also cause the ovaries to fail
early.
Even after a natural menopause the ovaries continue to play a part in a
woman’s health as they continue to produce a small amount of oestrogen and a
more significant amount of testosterone for up to 12 years. Therefore there are
indications that women having a hysterectomy should be offered testosterone
therapy as well as oestrogen.
Menopausal Symptoms
Strictly speaking, the symptoms of the menopause are those that identify the
time leading up to the final bleed this is usually called the peri-menopause.
Symptoms can be physical and emotional in nature. Some of the symptoms are
described as “acute” which are those that will occur immediately there is a
reduction in the production of oestrogen. These include hot flushes, night
sweats, dry vagina, dry hair and skin, insomnia, bladder problems and
10. Hysterectomy: For Women Only - The Hysterectomy Association
________________________________________________________________________________
10
moodiness. The remainder are described as “chronic” and take place over a
longer period of time, these include breast changes and other emotional
symptoms. All women that have a hysterectomy that removes their ovaries will
begin to experience acute symptoms, even as early as 24 hours following
surgery. If you have had surgery that leaves your ovaries intact and you begin
to experience some of the symptoms described below you should make an
appointment to see your GP to have a simple blood test to measure the level of
oestrogen in your blood.
Physical symptoms may include
Hot and cold flushes, sweating during the day and at night and
palpitations are all known as vasomotor symptoms. Exact causes of the
vasomotor symptoms are unknown but it is thought probable that the
hypothalamus, which regulates body temperature, is affected by the
decrease in oestrogen production and this in turn dilates the blood
vessels when it affects the sympathetic nervous system. It is thought
that up to 80% of women will experience some of these symptoms.
Insomnia and headaches are secondary vasomotor symptoms and can
occur as a result of night sweats which result in loss of sleep.
Changes in the vagina include a shortening and weakening of the skin,
diminishing blood supply, changes in the acidity levels and dryness due to
the reduction in secretions from the mucous glands. All of these can lead
to pain with sex and increase the risk of bleeding and infection.
The bladder and urethra are also affected as the linings become thin and
weak and stress incontinence can occur as they atrophy. This increases
the risk of infection and bleeding.
Breast changes are as a direct result of the reduction in production of
oestrogen. The breasts may become smaller and less elastic and the skin
will become thinner and dryer.
The skin and hair become dryer and the elasticity of the skin reduces
which increases the appearance of wrinkles. The changes in the skin are
due to damaging effects on the connective tissue, collagen, when
oestrogen production reduces.
11. Hysterectomy: For Women Only - The Hysterectomy Association
________________________________________________________________________________
11
There are more than 30 known symptoms of the menopause, so it is entirely
possible that anything you experience after your hysterectomy may be due to
the onset of menopause.
Emotional symptoms are similar to those experienced with pre-menstrual
Syndrome and may include: Mood swings, irritability, anxiety, poor
concentration, poor memory, loss of energy and depression. It cannot be
confirmed at present whether these symptoms are caused by oestrogen
deprivation or whether they are as a result of other physical symptoms, such as
lack of sleep. However, some sleep disorders are helped by hormone
replacement therapy, so there appears to be a link with oestrogen deficiency
and some of the psychological symptoms.
TIP: There is much more information about the Menopause and how it
affects women who have had a hysterectomy on the website here:
http://www.hysterectomy-
association.org.uk/index.php/information/the-menopause/
HORMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY
HRT/ERT is the substitution of naturally occurring hormones in the human body
with those that are manufactured. In the case of women that have had a
hysterectomy we are talking about oestrogen and possibly testosterone
replacement therapies. When a woman has had a hysterectomy that removes
her ovaries she will no longer produce oestrogen from her ovaries although she
will continue to produce small amounts of oestrogen from the adrenal glands
and fatty tissues. However, this will not be enough to counteract the possible
effects of oestrogen deficiency that we see begin with menopausal symptoms.
There are many things that women need to consider when they are faced with a
surgical menopause and one of the major issues is whether or not to take HRT.
It can be beneficial in alleviating the symptoms of the menopause. Women
should also consider the fact that they will be longer without the female sex
hormones than their age related peers and that some of the natural protections
12. Hysterectomy: For Women Only - The Hysterectomy Association
________________________________________________________________________________
12
that are offered by the sex hormones are lost. These include possible protection
against Heart Disease and Osteoporosis.
There seems to be some agreement that women who have an early menopause
through surgery should take HRT at least until the age that they would naturally
have gone through the menopause. This is so that they reduce the risk of
suffering from age related conditions like osteoporosis and heart disease earlier
than they would have done. Women naturally produce oestrogen up to the age
of the menopause and it would appear to be sensible to replace what would be
produced naturally.
What a woman decides to do after the age of 50ish will be determined by
looking at the same factors that affect all women, whether or not they have had
a hysterectomy, and will again be a matter of choice. At the very least women
who still have ovaries after surgery should be having regular blood tests to
check the amount of oestrogen they are producing so that they can make an
informed choice.
There seems to be little argument that HRT taken for up to five years after a
natural menopause does not adversely affect the body and there seems to be
some evidence that women who do develop breast cancer have a better
prognosis if they have taken HRT than if they had not, although this may of
course be related to the type of cancer that they have. However, women
should take into account a number of factors when considering whether to take
HRT or not.
In favour of using HRT are:
family history of osteoporosis
high risk category related to osteoporosis
family history of heart disease
high risk category related to heart disease
fear of Alzheimer’s disease
Severe menopause symptoms
You may decide not to take HRT for the following reasons:
13. Hysterectomy: For Women Only - The Hysterectomy Association
________________________________________________________________________________
13
history of breast cancer
family history of breast cancer
high risk category related to breast cancer
history of thrombosis
family history of thrombosis
high risk category of thrombosis
Prior to a undergoing a hysterectomy it may be beneficial to undergo a blood
oestrogen test so that there is some indication of a woman’s normal oestrogen
levels. These can then be used as comparisons later on.
Side Effects of HRT
The following have been listed as side effects of HRT, you may or may not
experience any or all of them with different brands:
Thromboembolism
Breast cancer
Gastro-Intestinal upsets
Nausea and vomiting
Weight gain
Breast tenderness and enlargement
Headaches and Migraine
Dizziness
Impaired liver function
Exacerbation of varicose veins
Increased blood pressure
TIP: You can find out more information about hormone replacement
therapy and it’s role in protecting your heart and bones here:
http://www.hysterectomy-association.org.uk/index.php/information/hormone-
replacement-therapy-hrt-ert/
If you are taking HRT and experience any of these symptoms you should see
your doctor to have appropriate tests and if necessary a change or reduction in
the HRT prescribed.
14. Hysterectomy: For Women Only - The Hysterectomy Association
________________________________________________________________________________
14
ALTERNATIVES TO HORMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY
Unfortunately some women will not be able to take Hormone replacement
therapy if their ovaries are removed, this is because they may be having the
operation due to endometriosis and it is advised not to use HRT for up to 12
months post hysterectomy in this case; they may also have had cancer or be at
risk of cancer. If this is the case for you, then considering the alternatives might
be advisable.
Natural Plant Oestrogen’s
There are over 300 plants that have oestrogens in them and if they are
consumed regularly enough they can have a mild effect on women. The most
potent of the plant oestrogens is Coumestrol even though it is about 200 times
weaker than human oestrogen. Because the plant oestrogen’s have such a mild
effect the side effects found with conventional HRT should be avoided.
Coumestrol can be found in alfalfa and red clover and can be taken either as tea
or sprouted. The seeds must be obtained from a reputable herbalist or health
food shop.
Other good sources of natural oestrogens are soya beans, soya bean sprouts
and crushed linseeds. To vary the diet try to include good helpings of apples,
beets, cabbage, carrots, chick peas, cucumbers, green beans, oats, olives,
parsley, potatoes, rhubarb, rice, sesame seeds and sunflower seeds. There are
many others but those on this list should be readily available from high street
shops.
Other Dietary Supplements
Supplements are useful for women going through the menopause and can help
protect against some of the dangers of oestrogen deficiency. They may also
help to relieve some of the more unpleasant symptoms. They include nutritional
therapies, vitamins, essential fatty acids, minerals and amino acids. To protect
against osteoporosis have a look for the special formulations for bones that
contain calcium and vitamin D together with other minerals. A good
multivitamin supplement can also help to maintain healthy levels of all body
15. Hysterectomy: For Women Only - The Hysterectomy Association
________________________________________________________________________________
15
nutrients to ensure that everything works as it should. Vitamin B6 has been
recommended for women that had pre-menstrual syndrome and is also useful
for women going through the menopause, remember that the two conditions
are caused by the same hormone, oestrogen. Essential fatty acids can be
obtained from starflower and evening primrose oil supplements.
Here’s Health magazine suggested four steps to a natural menopause, it
includes:
reducing stress as this affects the endocrine system that controls
hormone balance, blood sugar levels, energy levels and calcium balance;
using essential fatty acids so that the body can produce prostaglandin’s
to help maintain a healthy hormone balance;
vitamin and mineral supplementation particularly of vitamin C, B3, B6,
zinc and magnesium, again this combination will help to maintain healthy
hormone balances;
general healthy lifestyle with eating well and exercising
Other, additional supplements include Black Cohosh (although this should be
avoided by women who have had endometriosis), Wild Yam Extract and Vitex
Agnus Castus. As in the case of HRT, it may take some time before an
appropriate combination of complimentary supplements and therapies is found
that is helpful. It would also be recommended to talk to the health food store
about any products that you are considering purchasing to find out about any
health risks that may be associated with them. This is because of the
oestrogenic effects of some choices, which may have a similar impact to HRT if
too much is taken.
TIP: A hysterectomy can feel a bit isolating, if you don’t know anyone else that
has had one and it can feel as if you are the only person in the world to have
these problems. Why not use the forums at hysterectomy-
association.org.uk/forums this is the place where you can ‘talk’ to other women,
just like you who understand exactly what you mean and what you are going
through – you may even decide to join in by creating a username and password
to offer your support along the way!
16. Hysterectomy: For Women Only - The Hysterectomy Association
________________________________________________________________________________
16
Need something more?
1. First of all it is important to visit the website, this will give you loads of
information about all sorts of topics.
2. Don’t forget to let us have your email address so we can send you our
regular email hints, tips, stories and updates.
3. Our Facebook page is a must for anyone who want to chat with other
women and you can find it here: facebook.com/HysterectomyUK
4. Our online shop has a wide variety of books including the Amazon best
seller, 101 Handy Hints for a Happy Hysterectomy. Losing the Woman
Within and The Pocket Guide to Hysterectomy
5. You might like to get some support panties or abdominal support band to
help your back and stomach after your op. You can find them in the shop at
shop.hysterectomy-association.org.uk
TIP: 101 Handy Hints for a Happy Hysterectomy is
our No.1, best-selling book on Amazon for
Hysterectomy.
We have other fabulous books as well, including Losing
the Woman Within (a guide to emotional impact of a
hysterectomy) and The Pocket Guide to Hysterectomy –
full of all the information you might need.
We Would Also Like Your Help Please
One of our aims is to enable as many women as possible to benefit from
information so that they too can make an informed choice about whether
hysterectomy is the right choice for their health needs. To help us achieve this
aim, we have included a poster page at the back of this booklet – we would
really appreciate it if you could give it to your local hospital or local GP for their
notice boards, in this way we can reach even more women.
17. Hysterectomy: For Women Only - The Hysterectomy Association
________________________________________________________________________________
17
SUPPORTING CHOICE THROUGH INFORMATION
Have you had a hysterectomy?
Are you thinking about having a hysterectomy?
Do you know what is involved for your long term health?
Do you want to be better informed or feel happier about your decision?
We can help with information on:
Hysterectomy, what it is and the alternatives
The menopause and your hormones
HRT, and natural alternatives to HRT
We provide support through:
Impartial and timely information about hysterectomy and the menopause
Counselling Services for women and others affected by a hysterectomy
Workshops to help you prepare
Online woman to woman forums on our website
For more information, visit our website
www.hysterectomy-association.org.uk
The Hysterectomy Association, 2 Princes Court, Puddletown, Dorchester, DT2 3UE