The document outlines the hyperqa framework, a question-answering system that employs natural language processing techniques to effectively answer complex questions by utilizing a knowledge-base and knowledge graph. The framework has been tested on arithmetic and higher-order factoid questions, demonstrating promising results in information retrieval and answer generation. While it succeeds in addressing these challenges, there remains significant potential for further enhancement.

1. HyperQA: A Framework for Complex Question-Answering
Jinho D. Choi
Emory University
SUMMARY
This abstract describes the overall framework of
our question-answering system designed to answer
various types of complex questions. Our framework
makes heavy use of natural language processing
techniques for the retrieval, ranking, and generation
of correct answers. Our approach has been tested
on answering arithmetic questions requiring logical
reasoning as well as higher-order factoid questions
aggregating information across different documents.
I. INTRODUCTION
Question-Answering has recently gained lots of
interest from both academic and industrial research.
Although this task has been well-explored, several
challenges still remain; the representation of world
knowledge into structured data is complicated and
the aggregation of necessary information for finding
answers is convoluted. In this abstract, we suggest
a framework that processes both a knowledge-base
and a knowledge graph consisting of entity relations
in unstructured data, and extracts information from
this structured data for finding answers for complex
questions (Section 2). Our framework can be used
efficiently to gather information across documents,
and makes it possible to find answers for arithmetic
or higher-order factoid questions (Section 3).
II. Framework
As shown in Figure 1, the question is processed
through the NLP pipeline, which converts it into a
small graph of entity relations. This graph is then
matched with our knowledge-base and knowledge
graph in parallel, and finally, all matching results are
ranked for the generation of the best answer.
NLP Pipeline
Several NLP components in ClearNLP are used
for the tasks of dependency parsing, named entity
recognition, semantic role labeling, and coreference
resolution: www.clearnlp.com.
Knowledge-base Search
The existing knowledge-base such as Freebase
(freebase.com) and DBPedia (dbpedia.org) are used
for the representation of general knowledge and the
matching of entity-relation tuples.
Figure 1: Overall framework of our Q/A system.
Knowledge Map Search
Knowledge graphs are generated automatically
through the same NLP pipeline and used for the
representation of domain-specific knowledge and
the matching of finer-grained answers.
III. Experiments
Two types of complex questions are tested with
our framework: the arithmetic questions used for
elementary and middle school students, and higher-
order factoid questions requiring the synthesis of
contents across different sentences. Our approach
shows promising results for both of these tasks.
IV. Conclusion
Building a system to answer complex questions
is difficult but doable. With our framework, we were
capable of answering two types of questions in
some satisfactory level, although there is still much
room left for the further improvement.
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