The document discusses the Hyperloop, a proposed method of transportation involving capsules traveling at high speeds through low pressure tubes. It is described as the fifth mode of transportation and aims to be faster and cheaper than existing options like rail, road, air, and water. Key components of the Hyperloop system include tubes, capsules, air bearings, propulsion via linear induction motors, and low pressures within the tubes. Advantages include higher speeds, lower costs, reduced pollution, and increased safety over traditional transportation methods. The concept was originally invented in the 1800s but has since been developed by Elon Musk and others.

1. HYPERLOOP
TRANSPORTATION
THE FIFTH MODE OF TRANPORTATION
Presented by- ARINDAM NANDI
Roll No- 1020133200320037
Registration No- KNU18001916
Session – semester- II

2. CONTENT
 CONVENTIONAL MODES OF TRANSPORTATION
 WHAT IS HYPERLOOP?
 THE CONCEPT
 WHOSE IDEA?
 COMPONENTS OF HYPERLOOP TRANSPORT SYSTEM
 TUBE
 CAPSULE
 AIR BEARINGS AND SUSPENSION
 PROPULSION
 LIM
 WORKING PRINCIPLE
 HYPERLOOP IN INDIA
 ADVANTAGE
 DISADVANTAGE
 CONCLUSION
 REFERENCE

3. CONVENTIONAL MODES OF TRANSPORTATION
I. RAIL relatively slow and expansive
II. ROAD relatively slow
III. WATER relatively slow
IV. AIR expansive
V. PIPELINE....?

4. WHAT IS HYPERLOOP?
 Existing conventional modes of transportation of people consist of four unique types: rail, road, water
and air. These modes of transport tend to be either relative slow and expensive.
 It is the fifth modes of generation of transportation.
 Hyperloop is a new modes of transport that seeks to change this paradigm by being both fast and
inexpensive for people and goods.
 Hyperloop consist of a low pressure tube with capsules that are transported at both low and high
speed throughout the length of the tube by a number of linear electric motor.
 The system can achieve an average speed of 598 mph ( 962 km/h), and a top speed of 760mph (1220
km/h).

5. THE CONCEPT
 A capsule full of people in a low pressure tube elevated on pylon goes really
fast.
 Passenger may enter and exit Hyperloop at station located either at the end of
the tube, branching along the tube length.
 Accelerated via a linear magnetic accelerator.
 Supported on cushion of air.
 To be covered from Los Angeles to San Francisco (approx. 560 km) to be
covered in just 35 minute, with capsules leaving end stations every 2 minutes.

6. WHOSE IDEA?
 Hyperloop concept was invented and designed in 1812 by the British Mechanical Engineer
GEORGE WENGER.
 The concept of hyperloop is now developed and redesigned by the billionaire ELON
MUSK in 2012.
 While the term Hyperloop is in some countries a registered trademark of the space
exploration technologies corporation (SpaceX) for the high speed transportation of
passenger and goods in partially evacuated tubes, the Hyperloop concept has been
explicitly open-sourced by Musk and SpaceX, and others have been encouraged to take
the ideas and further developed them.

7. COMPONENTS OF HYPERLOOP TRANSPORT SYSTEM
 TUBE
 CAPSULE
 AIR BEARINGS AND SUSPENSION
 PROPULSION
LIM

8. Tube
 The tube is made of steel. Two tubes will be welded together in a side by side
configuration to allow the capsules to travel both direction.
 Pylons (pillars) are placed every 100 ft (30 m) to support the tube. Which constrain the
tube in the vertical direction but allow longitudinal slip for thermal expansion as well as
dampened lateral slip to reduce the risk posed by earthquake.
 Solar arrays will cover the top of the tubes in order to provide power to the system.
 Tube are made by new material ‘ VIBRANIUM’.

9. CAPSULE
 The capsule are supported via air bearings that operate using a compressed air reservoir and
aerodynamic lift.
 Sealed capsules carrying 28 passenger each that travel along the interior of the tube.
 It maximum width is 4.43 ft and maximum height 6.11 ft.
 COMPRESSOR:
1. One important feature of the capsule is the onboard compressor, which serves two
purpose. The system allow the capsule to traverse the relatively narrow tube without choking flow
that travels between the capsule and the tube walls by compressing air that is bypassed through the
capsule.
2. It also supplies air to air bearings that support that weight of the capsule throughout the journey.
3. The compressor is powered by a1160 hp (865 kW) onboard electric motor. The motor has estimated
mass of 606 lb (275 kg), which included power electronics.

10. AIR BEARINGS AND SUSPENSION
 Thrust air bearings offer stability and extremely low drag
 Compressor pressurized air and aerodynamic lift provide better lift to capsule.(0.5 to 1.3 mm)
 Independent mechanical suspension are provided for smooth ride for passenger.
 Air bearings (also known as aerostatic or aerodynamic bearings) are bearings that used a thin film of
pressurised air to provide a low friction load-bearing interface between surface. Then the surface do not
touched.
 Suspending the capsule within the tube present a substantial technical challenge due to transonic velocities.
Conventional wheel axle system become impractical at high speed due to frictional losses and dynamic
instability.
 Externally pressurized and aerodynamic air bearings are well suited for the hyperloop due to exceptionally
high stiffness, which is required to maintain stability at high speed.
 Also Suspension is achieve due to magnetic levitation.

11. PROPULSION
 Linear accelerator (linear induction motor) used in hyperloop system accelerate and decelerate
the capsule.
 It provide some advantages over a permanent magnet motor.
 Stator are located on the capsules to transfer momentum to help the capsule via the linear
accelerator.
 An alternating current is ran through electromagnet coils on the guide way. This creates a
magnetic field that attract and repels the magnets on the capsule and propels the train
forward.
 Braking is accomplished by sending an alternating current in the reverse direction so that is
slowed by attractive and repulsive force.

12. LINEAR INDUCTION MOTOR
(LIM )
Linear induction motor abbreviated as LIM, is
basically a special purpose motor that is in use to
achieve linear motion rather than rotational motion as
in the case of conventional motors.
Construction of a Linear Induction Motor.

13. WORKING PRINCIPLE
 Simply it have the same working principle of Air Hockey.
 The pods would accelerate to cruising speed gradually using a linear electric motor and
glide above their track using passive magnetic levitation or air bearings.
 Maglev (derived from magnetic levitation) is a system of train transportation that uses
two sets of magnets, one set to repel and push the train up off the track, then another set
to move the `floating train` ahead at great speed taking advantage of the lack of friction.
 The absence of air in the hyperloop will further increase the efficiency by nearly
eliminating losses due to air drag and make it much faster.
 The capsules are supported on a cushion of air, featuring pressurized air and
aerodynamic lift. The capsules are accelerated via a magnetic linear accelerator affixed at
various station on the low pressure tube with rotors contained in each capsule.
 Residual air in the tube is captured, compressed, and forced through holes in skis
attached to the bottom of the capsule. The gap between the skis and the tube during
operation is between 0.5mm and 1.3mm.
 The pressure in the tube is very low, a capsule travelling at 700mhp will cause significant
air pressure at the nose of the vehicle, which must be considered in the design.

14. HYPERLOOP IN INDIA
 During the rest at Nevada desert the CM of Maharashtra (India)
was present at the site.
 The company has signed an agreement to built a Hyperloop
route between Mumbai to Pune in under just 35 min, beginning
with an operational demonstration track.

15. ADVANTAGE
Faster
Lower cost.
Pollution free.
Immune to weather.
Safer
Sustainably self power.
Resistant to Earthquakes.

16. DISADVANTAGE
Tube pressurization.
Turning will be critical(with large radius).
Insufficient movable space for passenger.

17. CONCLUSION
As it has number of advantages it will very help full for
transport public as well as goods in a very short period
of time( at a top speed of 1200 km/h) and also lower
cost.
It is a new concept and open source so there is some
future work will be required for development of this
project.

18. REFERENCE
1. Musk, Elon (August 12, 2013). "Hyperloop
Alpha" (PDF). SpaceX. Retrieved August 13, 2013.
2.^ "Pando Monthly presents a fireside chat with Elon
Musk". pando.com. PandoDaily. July 13, 2012.
Retrieved July 15, 2017.
3.^ Jump up to:a b "Beyond the hype of Hyperloop: An
analysis of Elon Musk's proposed transit
system". Gizmag.com. August 22, 2013.
Retrieved August 23, 2013.
4.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/hyperloop
5.https://hyperloop.tamu.edu/
6.https://www.youtube.com/