Tesla coil

Introduction
What is Tesla coil ?
History
Fundamentals
Types of Tesla coil
Components
Working Principal
Pros And Cons
Application
Conclusion
References

Introduction
 In this era of modernization, electricity has become the unavoidable part
of life.
 The major source of conventional form of electricity is through wires.
 One of the major issue in power system is losses occurring during the
transmission and distribution of electrical power.
 The percentage of loss of power during transmission and distribution is
approximated as 26%.
 The main reason for power loss during transmission and distribution is
resistance of wires used in grid.
 According to world resource institute(WRI),India’s electricity grid has the
highest transmission and distribution losses in the world –a whopping 27-
40%.
 Tesla has proposed methods of transmission of electricity using
electromagnetic induction.
WhatisTeslacoil?HistoryFundamentalsTypesofTeslacoiComponeWorkingP

What is Tesla coil ?
→ A two stage transformer
which creates high voltage at
high frequencies.
→ Power levels 1 to 6 KW (or
more!)
→ Frequencies 100 to 500 KHz
IntroductionHistoryFundamentalsTypesofTeslacoiComponeWorkingP

History
 In 25april 1891 “Nikola
Tesla” Patented his
Tesla coil. And
Publically demonstrate
it 20 May 1891.
 In 1850 “Joseph Henry”
develop Electrical
oscillator and resonate
air core transformer
circuit.
 Resonate transformer
developed by “Henry
Rowland” in 1889. Nikola
Tesla
Joseph Henry
Henry Rowland
IntroductionWhatisTeslacoil?FundamentalsTypesofTeslacoiComponeWorkingP

History
Started efforts on wireless transmission
by 1891 in experimental station
at Colorado.
He lightened a small incandescent lamp
by means of Resonant circuit grounded on
one end.
In 1901, Tesla began construction of a
large high voltage wireless power
transmission now called the Wardenclyffe
tower at Shoreham, New York.
Wardenclyffe tower
IntroductionWhatisTeslacoil?FundamentalsTypesofTeslacoiComponeWorkingP

Fundamentals
 Electromagnetism is one of
Four fundamental force of
nature, along with strong
interaction, weak interaction,
and Gravitational force. It is
the force that causes the
interaction between electrically
charged particle. The areas in
which this happens are called
electromagnetic filed.
When current flow through a
conductor it create a
Electromagnetic filed around
the Conductor.
IntroductionWhatisTeslacoil?HistoryTypesofTeslacoiComponeWorkingP

Fundamentals
 Electromagnetic
Induction is the
production of
electromotive force across
a electrical conductor in
changing magnetic field.
Energy/Power Coupling
occurs when an energy
source has a means of
transferring energy to
another object

Fundamentals
 Resonance is the tendency of a system to oscillate with
larger amplitude at some frequency than at others. These
are known as the system’s resonant frequencies(resonance
frequencies ). At these frequencies, even small periodic
driving forces can produce large amplitude oscillation.
 Resonant and Magnetic Coupling: Magnetic coupling
occurs when two object exchange energy through their
varying or oscillating magnetic fields. Resonant Coupling
occur when the natural frequencies of the two object are
approximately the same.

Fundamentals
Output Voltage:-
Frequency of primary side =𝑓1 =
1
2𝜋 𝐿1 𝐶1
, Frequency of Secondary side =𝑓2 =
1
2𝜋 𝐿2 𝐶2
where 𝐿1 = primary coil inductance, 𝐶1 = Primary side capacitance
𝐿2 = Secondary coil inductance, 𝐶2 = Secondary side capacitance
Now for Maximum power transfer 𝑓1 = 𝑓2
1
2𝜋 𝐿1 𝐶1
=
1
2𝜋 𝐿2 𝐶2
𝐿1 𝐶1=𝐿2 𝐶2
Energy of primary coil 𝑊1=
1
2
𝐶1 𝑉1
2
𝑉1 = Input voltage at primary side
Energy of secondary coil 𝑊2=
1
2
𝐶2 𝑉2
2
𝑉2 = Output voltage at secondary side
If we neglect small energy loss due to heat then 𝑊1=𝑊2
1
2
𝐶1 𝑉1
2
=
1
2
𝐶2 𝑉2
2
𝑉2 = 𝑉1
𝐿2
𝐿1

Types of Tesla coil
 Spark gap tesla coil :- This types use a
spark gap to close the primary circuit,
exiting the oscillation there that are
through the transform to the secondary
coil and capacitance over a number of
cycle.
 Solid state tesla coil:- This use power
semiconductor device, usually thyristor
or transistor such as MOSFET or IGBT,
to switch the plush of DC power supply.
1. Static Spark gap tesla coil
2. Rotary Spark gap tesla
coil
Solid state tesla coil
IntroductionWhatisTeslacoil?HistoryFundamentalsComponeWorkingP

Types of Tesla coil
Here we discus about spark gap tesla coil
The circuit diagram
IntroductionWhatisTeslacoil?HistoryFundamentalsComponeWorkingP

Components
IntroductionWhatisTeslacoil?HistoryFundamentalsTypesofTeslacoiWorkingP
ToploadSecondaryCoilSparkgapPrimarycoilCapacitorHighvoltagetransformer

Highvoltage
transformer
Components
 High Voltage Transformer use in tesla coil to provide a large input voltage.
Example:-
 Neon sign
transformer (NST)
6KV/30
 Microwave Oven
transformer(MOT) .
Can stuck in
parallel.
 Oil Burner.
 Utility Pole
transformer(Pole
pig). Need current
Ballast.
Neon sign transformer Microwave Oven transformer
Oil Burner Utility Pole transformer
Secondary

High
Components
Secondary
Capacitor
 Capacitor :- Very high voltage capacitor are used in tesla coil to store energy
in it, and provide very large current in short time.
Properties
 20-60 KV
required.
 Must be
tolerate high
current pluses
 Rapid polarity
reversals.
 Must have
good Heat
dispassion.
Immerse in oil
for cooling.
Example
 Glass
plated
Caps.
 Multi
miniature
capacitor
(MMC).
 Glass
bottles
with salt
water.
Multi miniature capacitor
Glass bottles with salt water

Components
Secondary
Primarycoil
High
 Primary coil of a Tesla coil have following properties
Properties
 Must be handle high
circulating current.
100Amps or more.
 Thickness of the wire
more then 10 gauge.
 The coil must have
various tap position. That’s
why it usually made of
Naked Copper wire.
Primary coil of a Tesla coil

Sparkgap
Components
 Spark gap consists of an arrangement of two conducting electrodes separated
by a gap usually filled with a gas such as air, designed to allow an electric
spark to pass between the conductors.
Properties
 Must be tolerate
High current
 The gap between to
wire is less then .25
inch.
 Need quenching
Secondary
High
voltage

SecondaryCoil
Components
High
voltageCapacitorPrimary coil
 Secondary coil :- 1000 to 1300 turns 24 to 32 gauge magnet wire wounds
around of a 3 to 8 inch diameter PVC pipe to make a secondary coil of a tesla
coil. Electromagnetic induction occurs in this coil and create high voltage Arc.
Secondary coil of tesla coil

Components
Topload
High
Secondary
 Top Load/Capacitance Hat:- Most Tesla coil designs have a smooth spherical
or toroidal shaped metal electrode on the high voltage terminal. The
electrode serves as one plate of a capacitor, with the Earth as the other plate,
forming the tuned circuit with the secondary winding.

IntroductionWhatisTeslacoil?HistoryFundamentalsTypesofTeslacoiCompone
Working Principal
P
 When the coil is turn on, electricity
flows through the circuit and fills the
capacitor with electron, like a battery.
This charge creates its own electric
potential in the circuit.
 The Capacitor (‘C’) is charged up by the
Voltage source.

Working Principal
P
 Once the capacitor attains a high enough voltage
the spark gap fires and conduct. The spark gap is
now short circuit that complete the resonate
circuit of the primary inductor and capacitor.
 The spark gap fire and an instantaneous
discharge of the capacitor energy into the
inductor.
 The inductor store the energy in its magnetic
field. And its lines of force cutting the secondary
coil. Now an oscillation happen between the
capacitor and the primary coil.

Working Principal
P
 This means that the Secondary coil along with the
capacitance of the toroid also forms a resonate
circuit, behaving much like the primary circuit.
However it does not damped down the same as the
primary does, in fact it steadily increasing.

PORS
 Allow a wide range of firing rates to
be investigate with a variable speed
rotary spark gap, without
encountering beating and surging.
 Allows power throughout to be
controlled by altering the rotary
speed.
 Charging is Slow immediately after
the spark gap fires.
 Provides excellent load sharing if 3
phase rectifier is used at higher
powers.
CONS
 More complex circuit required.
 Great cost.
 Large DC smoothing capacitor is
needed unless 3-phase power is used.
Such capacitor is expensive, and store
lethal energy.
 High voltage, high inductance
charging inductor is needed. This is
specialized part and may be difficult
to obtain.
 Current draw is non sinusoidal.
IntroductionWhatisTeslacoil?HistoryFundamentalsTypesofTeslacoiComponeWorking
Pros And Cons

Education and
entertainment
Vacuum tube
leak detector
Use in Radio Use in Medical Use in Business
IntroductionWhatisTeslacoil?HistoryFundamentalsTypesofTeslacoiComponeWorkingP
Application

Education and
entertainment
Application
Tesla coil are displayed as
attraction at science
museum and electronic
fairs. This are also used to
demonstrate the principal of
high frequency electricity in
science class.
Demonstrate of
induction using tesla
coil in 1906
Million volt tesla
coil at Griffith
Park
Observatory .

Vacuum tube
leak detector
Application
Scientists working with high vacuum
systems test for the presence of tiny pin
holes in the apparatus (especially a newly
blown piece of glassware) using high-
voltage discharges produced by a small
handheld Tesla coil.

Use in Radio
Application
One of the largest applications of the
Tesla coil circuit was in early radio
transmitters called spark gap
transmitters. The first radio wave
generators, invented by Heinrich
Hertz in 1887, were spark gaps
connected directly to antennas,
powered by induction coils. Radio transmitters

Use in Medical
Application
Tesla coil have many use in medical
industry in early days
1. Small tesla coil for
electrotherapy.
2. Effluvation treatment of knee
with an oudin coil.
3. Treatment of cancer using oudin
coil.
4. Long wave spark diathermy
machine using tesla coil.
Effluvation
treatment of knee
with an oudin coil
Small tesla coil
for
electrotherapy
Treatment of
cancer using
oudin coil.
Long wave spark
diathermy
machine

Use in Business
Application
The Tesla coil's spectacular displays of
sparks, and the fact that its currents
could pass through the human body
without causing electric shock, led to its
use in the entertainment business.
Evangelist Irwin
Moon shooting
"lightning bolts"
from fingers,
"Electrice" lighting a
candle with brush
discharge from her
fingers.

Conclusion
 After studying and developing the model of Tesla coil we came to following
conclusion
 We are able to generate high voltage and high
frequency and it can be used for testing the
apparatus for switching surges.
 It can also be used for study of visual corona
and ionization of gases under the electrical
stress.
 It can also transmit the electrical power
wirelessly up to certain distance depends upon
the rating.

References
Dr. Morris Kelser, “Highly resonate wireless power transfer”.
Basharat Nizam, “Inductive Charging Technique,” international Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tesla_coil
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Tesla_coil
https://www.slideshare.net/shuttary/wireless-power-transmission-through-tesla-coils
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