The document presents information about Hyperloop, a proposed mode of transportation consisting of passenger capsules that travel at both low and high speeds through a low pressure tube. Key points include that it was proposed by Elon Musk as a faster and cheaper alternative to existing high speed rail projects. Hyperloop is designed to transport passengers at speeds up to 800 mph using linear induction motors and air bearings to accelerate and levitate capsules through the tube. Technical details covered include the capsule design, tube construction, propulsion and levitation systems, and safety considerations.
Hyperloop is the new mode of transportation after air, water, rails and roads. It could be a realistic high speed as well as economical way of transportation apart from a fantasized means of transportation called the "teleportation".
Hyperloop is the new mode of transportation after air, water, rails and roads. It could be a realistic high speed as well as economical way of transportation apart from a fantasized means of transportation called the "teleportation".
Hyperloop new transportation system seminar report- Aishwarya KarhadeAishwarya Karhade
Hyperloop is the most ambitious project in the whole world. Every engineering student must learn about it.its all about hyperloop a-z information, a basic working principle to expert views, detailed literature survey with references. I have studied detailed for 3rd-year academic seminars and prepared presentations and detailed reports.
This ppt will explain about the new mode of transportation, i.e., Hyperloop which was proposed by ELON MUSK. It will feature its design, concept, working model, need, advantages and disadvantages.
Hyperloop transportation system developed by Elon musk of Tesla group and spacex. It aims to reduce travel time between two cities with the help of capsules travelling in a controlled vaccum system .
Find a new way to of transportation system that can change the whole world's connectivity reducing large distance travelling from days to a few hours only.
A new technology in order to enhance travel experience and to reduce time, save money. By using this technology one can travel at much higher speed and can save time as well as money. This technology or idea is given by elon musk and is completely environment friendly
This is the future of transporation system, here one can travel with the speed of sound which is equal to 1200 kmph.hyperloop concept propsed by elon musk in 2012.
Hyperloop consists of a low pressure tube with capsules that are transported at both low and high speeds throughout the length of the tube. The capsules are supported on a cushion of air, featuring pressurized air and aerodynamic lift. The capsules are accelerated via a magnetic linear accelerator affixed at various stations on the low pressure tube with rotors contained in each capsule. Passengers may enter and exit Hyperloop at stations located either at the ends of the tube, or branches along the tube length.
The conventional modes of transportation of people consist of four unique types and that are rail, road, water, and air. These modes of transport tend to be either relatively slow, expensive or a combination of both. Hyperloop is a new mode of transport that seeks to change this pattern by being both fast and inexpensive for people and goods. Hyperloop is a proposed mode of passenger and freight transportation that propels a capsule-like vehicle through a near-vacuum tube at more than
airline speed. The pods would accelerate to cruising speed gradually using a linear electric motor and glide above their track using passive magnetic levitation or air bearings.Hyperloop consists of a lowpressure tube with capsules that are transported at both low and high speeds throughout the length of the tube. The capsules are supported on a cushion of air, featuring pressurized air and aerodynamic lift. Passengers may enter and exit Hyperloop at stations located either at the ends of the tube, or branches along the tube length. It quickly becomes apparent just how dramatically the Hyperloop could change transportation, road congestion and minimize the carbon footprint globally. With the Hyperloop, extremely fast, inexpensive intercity travel would be widely accessible. If both people and goods can move more quickly and comparatively cheaply, rapid growth is a logical outcome.
Hyper Loop One PPT - Hyperloop India 2018Rahul John
PPT Presentation on Hyperloop One & Hyperloop in India 2018.
Introduction, Advantages, Hyperloop use in India, Concept of Hyperloop PPT, types of hyperloop
HYPERLOOP ENGINEERING SEMINAR-BY MR.HEMANTH KUMAR DHEMANTH KUMAR D
HYPERLOOP IS A FIFTH MODE OF TRANSPORTATION WHICH USES CAPSULES TO TRANSPORT PEOPLE AND VEHICLES FROM ONE PLACE TO ANOTHER THROUGH A LOW PRESSURE TUBE. HYPERLOOP IS FAST,INEXPENSIVE,ECO-FRIENDLY AND ZERO EMISSION VEHICLE.
Hyperloop new transportation system seminar report- Aishwarya KarhadeAishwarya Karhade
Hyperloop is the most ambitious project in the whole world. Every engineering student must learn about it.its all about hyperloop a-z information, a basic working principle to expert views, detailed literature survey with references. I have studied detailed for 3rd-year academic seminars and prepared presentations and detailed reports.
This ppt will explain about the new mode of transportation, i.e., Hyperloop which was proposed by ELON MUSK. It will feature its design, concept, working model, need, advantages and disadvantages.
Hyperloop transportation system developed by Elon musk of Tesla group and spacex. It aims to reduce travel time between two cities with the help of capsules travelling in a controlled vaccum system .
Find a new way to of transportation system that can change the whole world's connectivity reducing large distance travelling from days to a few hours only.
A new technology in order to enhance travel experience and to reduce time, save money. By using this technology one can travel at much higher speed and can save time as well as money. This technology or idea is given by elon musk and is completely environment friendly
This is the future of transporation system, here one can travel with the speed of sound which is equal to 1200 kmph.hyperloop concept propsed by elon musk in 2012.
Hyperloop consists of a low pressure tube with capsules that are transported at both low and high speeds throughout the length of the tube. The capsules are supported on a cushion of air, featuring pressurized air and aerodynamic lift. The capsules are accelerated via a magnetic linear accelerator affixed at various stations on the low pressure tube with rotors contained in each capsule. Passengers may enter and exit Hyperloop at stations located either at the ends of the tube, or branches along the tube length.
The conventional modes of transportation of people consist of four unique types and that are rail, road, water, and air. These modes of transport tend to be either relatively slow, expensive or a combination of both. Hyperloop is a new mode of transport that seeks to change this pattern by being both fast and inexpensive for people and goods. Hyperloop is a proposed mode of passenger and freight transportation that propels a capsule-like vehicle through a near-vacuum tube at more than
airline speed. The pods would accelerate to cruising speed gradually using a linear electric motor and glide above their track using passive magnetic levitation or air bearings.Hyperloop consists of a lowpressure tube with capsules that are transported at both low and high speeds throughout the length of the tube. The capsules are supported on a cushion of air, featuring pressurized air and aerodynamic lift. Passengers may enter and exit Hyperloop at stations located either at the ends of the tube, or branches along the tube length. It quickly becomes apparent just how dramatically the Hyperloop could change transportation, road congestion and minimize the carbon footprint globally. With the Hyperloop, extremely fast, inexpensive intercity travel would be widely accessible. If both people and goods can move more quickly and comparatively cheaply, rapid growth is a logical outcome.
Hyper Loop One PPT - Hyperloop India 2018Rahul John
PPT Presentation on Hyperloop One & Hyperloop in India 2018.
Introduction, Advantages, Hyperloop use in India, Concept of Hyperloop PPT, types of hyperloop
HYPERLOOP ENGINEERING SEMINAR-BY MR.HEMANTH KUMAR DHEMANTH KUMAR D
HYPERLOOP IS A FIFTH MODE OF TRANSPORTATION WHICH USES CAPSULES TO TRANSPORT PEOPLE AND VEHICLES FROM ONE PLACE TO ANOTHER THROUGH A LOW PRESSURE TUBE. HYPERLOOP IS FAST,INEXPENSIVE,ECO-FRIENDLY AND ZERO EMISSION VEHICLE.
As we know that there are four modes of
transportation are, rail, road, water, and air. These modes
of transport tend to be either relatively slow (e.g., road and
water), expensive (e.g., air), or a combination of relatively
slow and expensive (i.e., rail). Hyper loop is a new mode of
transport that seeks to change this paradigm by being both
fast and inexpensive for people and goods. Hyperloop is also
unique in that it is an open design concept, similar to Linux.
Feedback is desired from the community that can help
advance the Hyperloop design and bring it from concept to
reality. Hyperloop consists of a low pressure tube with
capsules that are transported at both low and high speeds
throughout the length of the tube. The capsules are
supported on a cushion of air, featuring pressurized air and
aerodynamic lift. The capsules are accelerated via a
magnetic linear accelerator affixed at various stations on the
low pressure tube with rotors contained in each capsule.
Passengers may enter and exit Hyperloop at stations located
either at the ends of the tube, or branches along the tube
length. In this study, the initial route, preliminary design,
and logistics of the Hyperloop transportation system have
been derived. The system consists of capsules that travel
between Los Angeles, California and San Francisco,
California. The total one-way trip time is 35 minutes from
county line to county line. The capsules leave on average
every 2 minutes from each terminal carrying 28 people each
(as often as every 30 seconds during rush hour and less
frequently at night). This gives a total of 7.4 million people
per tube that can be transported each year on Hyperloop.
The total cost of Hyperloop is under $6 billion USD for two
one-way tubes and 40 capsules. Amortizing this capital cost
over 20 years and adding daily operational costs gives a total
of $20 USD plus operating costs per one-way ticket on the
passenger Hyperloop
Hyperloop a new mode of transportation, from an idea to realityshrishailhg
It was an idea of living legend ELON MUSK back in 2013. Now its more than idea.You read it right! .For more information refer Musk's "Hyperloop Alpha" white paper.It includes the complete blue print.
This system works on the principle of electromagnetic attraction forces. This system uses both electromagnet and permanent magnets to levitate, propel and control the pod. This type of transportation system was proposed in USA which is an ultrahigh speed transportation system in a vacuum medium with reduced air resistance and pressure. This ultra low pressure inside the tube causes problem for the passengers so we are solving this problem with the help of different methods for the safety of passengers due to the leakage problem. Mohit Bansal | Pravin kumar ""A Review on Hyperloop Transportation System"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd22831.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/22831/a-review-on-hyperloop-transportation-system/mohit-bansal
Slides on HyperLoop For college Seminar. Which is fifth mode of transportation. Started working in Los Angelous, India is also working on it to implement in hyderabad. In recent India has won prize for best model development route from mumbai to chennai via bangalore.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
2. It is new mode of transport other than road, rail, air , water.
Hyper loop consists of a low pressure tube with capsules that are
transported at both low and high speeds throughout the length of
the tube.
It was proposed by Elon Musk CEO of TESLA MOTORS and
SPACEX and Co-founder of PAY-PAL
A high-level alpha design for the system was published on
August 12, 2013, in a whitepaper posted to the Tesla and SpaceX
blogs
It is an high speed train transporting at a speed of 800mph which
is twice the speed of a commercial plane.
Elon Musk didn’t even patented the design quoting ‘see if people
3. find ways to improve it’. It will be an open source design anyone
can access it.
A Hyperloop would be "an elevated, reduced-pressure tube that
contains pressurized capsules driven within the tube by a
number of linear electric motors.”
Hyperloop consists of a low pressure tube with capsules that are
transported at both low and high speeds throughout the length of
the tube.
4.
5. Due to high traffic US government proposed a high speed
train project between San Francisco to Los Angeles called
“California High Speed Rail” with $68.4 Billion USD.
The average speed is 164mph and takes approx 3 hours.
Estimated cost of Hyperloop is $7.8 billion USD and takes
35 mins to cover same distance.
In past Robert Goddard proposed using vacuum as medium
of transport there by attain speed without high friction
losses but there’s lot of possibility of leaks . And when
there is a leak it will damage the whole system.
Elon Musk thought of overcoming it with maintaing low
pressure rather than vacuum and using electromagnetic
suspension.
6. When we use less pressure instead of vacuum we have
to consider the minimum tube to pod area ratio then we
need to increase the diameter of tube or go slow or
really , really fast.
But increasing speed that high will become very much
expensive.
Here an electric compressor fan mounted on the nose of
the pod that actively transfers high pressure air from the
front to the rear of the vessel.
A battery can’t store enough energy to power fan over
whole journey so a linear electric motor, a round
induction motor rolled flat is provided.
7.
8. Safer
Faster
Lower costs and this kind of speed
More convenient
Immune to weather
Sustainably self powering
Resistant to earth quakes
Decrease the traffic
Decreases the frictional losses that occur at subsonic
speed
Using solar power.
9.
10. It cannot decrease the number current trips and cost
relatively to existing transport systems but it
decreases the travelling time and costs between
California and Los Angeles
We can mount solar panels on the tubes for energy to
transport and use battery to store for night time.
The energy cost and energy consumed per passenger
is also relatively lower compared to existing systems.
Energy consumed per passenger to travel same
distance is very low compared to cars, aero planes ,
high speed trains.
11.
12. CAPSULE
TUBE
PROPULSION
CAPSULE:
The maximum width is 4.43 ft (1.35 m) and maximum
height is 6.11 ft (1.10 m). With rounded corners, this is
equivalent to a 15 ft2 (1.4 m2) frontal area, not including any
propulsion or suspension components.
The capsules are accelerated via a magnetic linear
accelerator affixed at various stations on the low pressure
tube with rotors contained in each capsule
13. For travel at high speeds, the greatest power
requirement is normally to overcome air resistance.
Aerodynamic drag increases with the square of speed,
and thus the power requirement increases with the cube
of speed.
For example, to travel twice as fast a vehicle must
overcome four times the aerodynamic resistance, and
input eight times the power
The capsules are supported via air bearings that
operate using a compressed air reservoir and
aerodynamic lift
This is an operating pressure of 100 Pascal’s, which
reduces the drag force of the air by 1,000 times relative
to sea level conditions and would be equivalent to flying
above 150,000 feet altitude
14. COMPRESSOR:
One important feature of the capsule is the
onboard compressor, which serves two purposes .
This system allows the capsule to traverse the
relatively narrow tube without choking flow that
travels between the capsule and the tube walls
15. by compressing air that is bypassed through the
capsule. It also supplies air to air bearings that
support the weight of the capsule throughout the
journey.
Tube air is compressed with a compression ratio of
20:1 via an axial compressor
Up to 60% of this air is bypassed:
a. The air travels via a narrow tube near bottom of the
capsule to the tail.
b. A nozzle at the tail expands the flow generating thrust
to mitigate some of the small amounts of aerodynamic
and bearing drag
16. The compressor is powered by a 436 hp (325 kW) onboard
electric motor:
a. The motor has an estimated mass of 372 lb (169 kg), which
includes power electronics.
b. An estimated 3,400 lb (1,500 kg) of batteries provides 45
minutes of onboard compressor power, which is more than sufficient
for the travel time with added reserve backup power.
Geometry
In order to optimize the capsule speed and performance,
the frontal area has been minimized for size while
maintaining passenger comfort.
18. The tube is made of steel. Two tubes will be welded
together in a side by side configuration to allow the
capsules to travel both directions.
Pylons are placed every 100 ft (30 m) to support the
tube
Solar arrays will cover the top of the tubes in order to
provide power to the system.
The inner diameter of the tube is optimized to be 7 ft 4
in. (2.23 m) which is small enough to keep material cost
low while large enough to provide some alleviation of
choked air flow around the capsule.
19. The tube cross-sectional area is 42.2 ft2 (3.91 m2)
giving a capsule/tube area ratio of 36% or a diameter
ratio of 60%.
20. The high-speed transport more generally ,have
historically been impeded by the difficulties in
managing friction and air resistance, both of which
become substantial when vehicles approach high
speeds.
vactrain concept : tubes kept at a complete vacuum,
allowing for theoretical speeds of thousands of miles
per hour.
The expected pressure inside the tube will be
maintained around 100pa (less pressure).
This low pressure minimizes the drag force on the
capsule while maintaining the relative ease of
pumping out the air from the tube.
21. Linear accelerators are constructed along the length of the tube
at various locations to accelerate the capsules.
Stators are located on the capsules to transfer momentum to the
capsules via the linear accelerators.
Capsules are accelerated by linear magnetic induction and
decelerated by regenerative braking similar to magnetic
levitation trains.
The Hyperloop as a whole is projected to consume an average
of 28,000 hp (21 MW).
This includes the power needed to make up for propulsion
motor efficiency (including elevation changes), aerodynamic
drag, charging the batteries to power on-board compressors,
and vacuum pumps to keep the tube evacuated.
Each accelerator has two 65 MVA inverters, one to accelerate
the outgoing capsule, and one to capture the energy from the
incoming capsule
22.
23. The Hyperloop uses a linear induction motor to accelerate and
decelerate the capsule. This provides several important
benefits over a permanent magnet motor
24.
25. For aerodynamic efficiency, the velocity of a capsule in the
Hyperloop is typically:
• 300 mph (480 kmph) where local geography necessitates
a tube bend radii< 1.0 mile (1.6 km)
• 760 mph (1,220 kmph) where local geography allows a
tube bend > 3.0miles (4.8 km) or where local geography
permits a straight tube.
These bend radii have been calculated so that the passenger
does not experience inertial accelerations that exceed 0.5g.
This is deemed the maximum inertial acceleration that can be
comfortably sustained by humans for short periods. To further
reduce the inertial acceleration experienced by passengers, the
capsule and/or tube will incorporate a mechanism that will
allow a degree of ‘banking’.
26. Suspending the capsule within the tube presents a substantial
technical challenge due to transonic cruising velocities.
Conventional wheel and axle systems become impractical at
high speed due frictional losses and dynamic instability.
A viable technical solution is magnetic levitation; however the
cost associated with material and construction is prohibitive.
An alternative to these conventional options is an air bearing
suspension. Air bearings offer stability and extremely low drag
at a feasible cost by exploiting the ambient atmosphere in the
tube.
When the gap height between a ski and the tube wallis reduced,
the flow field in the gap exhibits a highly non-linear reaction
resulting in large restoring pressures
27. Schematic of air bearing skis that support the capsule.
The increased pressure pushes the ski away from the wall,
allowing it to return to its nominal ride height
SAFETY:
Power Outage
Capsule Depressurization
Capsule Stranded in Tube
Earthquakes
Reliability
29. A high speed transportation system known as Hyperloop
introduced here.
Its basically magnetic levitation train in vacuum tubes helping
in achieving high speeds.
It has various advantages over traditional transport system.
FUTURE WORK:
More expansion on the control mechanism for Hyperloop
capsules, including attitude thruster or control moment gyros.
Using conventional magnetic levitation systems.
Testing of prototype and decreasing the cost further.
30. ◦ Musk, Elon (August 12, 2013). "Hyperloop Alpha". SpaceX.
◦ “Hyperloop” ,Wikipedia
◦ Garber, Megan (July 13, 2012). "The Real iPod: Elon
Musk's Wild Idea for a 'Jetson Tunnel' from S.F. to
L.A.". The Atlantic.
◦ "Beyond the hype of Hyperloop: An analysis of Elon
Musk's proposed transit system".Gizmag.com. August 22,
2013.
◦ Bilton, Nick. "Could the Hyperloop Really Cost $6 Billion?
Critics Say No". The New York Times.
30