Hyperbilirubinemia
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The document discusses jaundice in newborns. After birth, infants begin breaking down excess red blood cells produced before birth to cope with low oxygen levels in the womb. This releases bilirubin, which the liver normally converts to a water-soluble form excreted in urine. In jaundiced newborns, the liver is not yet mature enough to clear bilirubin quickly enough, allowing levels to rise and potentially cause brain damage if severe. Treatment focuses on phototherapy to convert bilirubin to a form the body can remove, with exchange transfusions in rare severe cases.
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Hyperbilirubinemia
Hyperbilirubinemia didactics at Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Source: Nelson's Textbook of Pediatrics 19th edition
Most pictures were taken from Google images
Hyperbilirubinemia
Hyperbilirubinemia is a condition where there is too much bilirubin in the blood, causing jaundice. Jaundice appears as a yellowing of the skin and eyes. The most common causes are physiologic jaundice in newborns and breast milk jaundice in breastfed babies. Hyperbilirubinemia is diagnosed by measuring bilirubin levels in the blood and treated with phototherapy or exchange transfusions for severe cases. Preventive measures focus on early detection and treatment to prevent high bilirubin levels.
Hyperbilirubinemia
This document discusses hyperbilirubinemia (excess bilirubin in the blood), including its definition, causes, pathophysiology, complications, management, and a plan of care for babies with the condition. It defines hyperbilirubinemia as jaundice caused by a yellowish discoloration. Risk factors and two types - physiological and pathological - are outlined. Management involves assessing jaundice clinically, intensive phototherapy, and exchange blood transfusions if necessary. A nursing procedure for exchange transfusions is also detailed.
Neonatal jaundice
This document discusses neonatal jaundice, including its definition, causes, types, clinical features, management, and complications. Some key points:
- Neonatal jaundice is yellowish discoloration of skin in newborns due to high bilirubin levels, which can be toxic if not treated.
- It affects 60% of term and 80% of preterm infants. There are physiological and pathological types.
- Causes include an imbalance between bilirubin production and excretion by the liver.
- Management involves monitoring bilirubin levels, phototherapy to reduce levels if high, and exchange transfusions in severe cases.
- Complications include neurological issues if
Neonatal jaundice
Physiologic jaundice is a common cause of hyperbilirubinemia in newborns resulting from increased bilirubin production, shortened RBC lifespan, and hepatic immaturity. It presents between 2-10 days of life with indirect bilirubin levels <12 mg/dL in term infants peaking on day 3. Kernicterus is a neurological syndrome caused by bilirubin deposition in the brain and can be prevented by avoiding excessively high indirect bilirubin levels >25 mg/dL. Diagnosis of hyperbilirubinemia involves history, physical exam, and laboratory tests including total, direct and indirect bilirubin levels as well as blood typing if levels are
Neonatal jaundice
This document discusses neonatal jaundice (hyperbilirubinemia) in infants. It covers the definition, causes, types (physiological vs pathological), investigations, management including phototherapy and exchange transfusion, and prevention of kernicterus. Key points include:
- Jaundice is caused by high bilirubin levels which cause yellowing of the skin and eyes. Bilirubin is produced from the breakdown of red blood cells.
- Physiological jaundice appears after 24-72 hours and is common, while pathological jaundice appears within 24 hours and requires treatment.
- Management involves phototherapy to reduce bilirubin levels or exchange transfusion for severe
Neonatal Jaundice
Neonatal jaundice is a yellowish discoloration of the white part of the eyes and skin in a newborn baby due to high bilirubin levels.
Physiological Neonatal Jaundice
Physiological neonatal jaundice is caused by increased bilirubin production from the breakdown of fetal red blood cells combined with the immature liver's reduced ability to process bilirubin in newborns. The mechanisms involved include a higher rate of red blood cell destruction, insufficient albumin transport of bilirubin, and an immature hepatic system with low bilirubin conjugating enzyme activity. This causes bilirubin levels to rise after birth but then resolve on their own without treatment within 14 days.
Recommended
Hyperbilirubinemia
Hyperbilirubinemia didactics at Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Source: Nelson's Textbook of Pediatrics 19th edition
Most pictures were taken from Google images
Hyperbilirubinemia
Hyperbilirubinemia is a condition where there is too much bilirubin in the blood, causing jaundice. Jaundice appears as a yellowing of the skin and eyes. The most common causes are physiologic jaundice in newborns and breast milk jaundice in breastfed babies. Hyperbilirubinemia is diagnosed by measuring bilirubin levels in the blood and treated with phototherapy or exchange transfusions for severe cases. Preventive measures focus on early detection and treatment to prevent high bilirubin levels.
Hyperbilirubinemia
This document discusses hyperbilirubinemia (excess bilirubin in the blood), including its definition, causes, pathophysiology, complications, management, and a plan of care for babies with the condition. It defines hyperbilirubinemia as jaundice caused by a yellowish discoloration. Risk factors and two types - physiological and pathological - are outlined. Management involves assessing jaundice clinically, intensive phototherapy, and exchange blood transfusions if necessary. A nursing procedure for exchange transfusions is also detailed.
Neonatal jaundice
This document discusses neonatal jaundice, including its definition, causes, types, clinical features, management, and complications. Some key points:
- Neonatal jaundice is yellowish discoloration of skin in newborns due to high bilirubin levels, which can be toxic if not treated.
- It affects 60% of term and 80% of preterm infants. There are physiological and pathological types.
- Causes include an imbalance between bilirubin production and excretion by the liver.
- Management involves monitoring bilirubin levels, phototherapy to reduce levels if high, and exchange transfusions in severe cases.
- Complications include neurological issues if
Neonatal jaundice
Physiologic jaundice is a common cause of hyperbilirubinemia in newborns resulting from increased bilirubin production, shortened RBC lifespan, and hepatic immaturity. It presents between 2-10 days of life with indirect bilirubin levels <12 mg/dL in term infants peaking on day 3. Kernicterus is a neurological syndrome caused by bilirubin deposition in the brain and can be prevented by avoiding excessively high indirect bilirubin levels >25 mg/dL. Diagnosis of hyperbilirubinemia involves history, physical exam, and laboratory tests including total, direct and indirect bilirubin levels as well as blood typing if levels are
Neonatal jaundice
This document discusses neonatal jaundice (hyperbilirubinemia) in infants. It covers the definition, causes, types (physiological vs pathological), investigations, management including phototherapy and exchange transfusion, and prevention of kernicterus. Key points include:
- Jaundice is caused by high bilirubin levels which cause yellowing of the skin and eyes. Bilirubin is produced from the breakdown of red blood cells.
- Physiological jaundice appears after 24-72 hours and is common, while pathological jaundice appears within 24 hours and requires treatment.
- Management involves phototherapy to reduce bilirubin levels or exchange transfusion for severe
Neonatal Jaundice
Neonatal jaundice is a yellowish discoloration of the white part of the eyes and skin in a newborn baby due to high bilirubin levels.
Physiological Neonatal Jaundice
Physiological neonatal jaundice is caused by increased bilirubin production from the breakdown of fetal red blood cells combined with the immature liver's reduced ability to process bilirubin in newborns. The mechanisms involved include a higher rate of red blood cell destruction, insufficient albumin transport of bilirubin, and an immature hepatic system with low bilirubin conjugating enzyme activity. This causes bilirubin levels to rise after birth but then resolve on their own without treatment within 14 days.
Neonatal jaundice
This document discusses neonatal jaundice, including its definition, pathophysiology, types, complications, and management. Key points include:
- Jaundice is caused by a buildup of bilirubin, which appears yellow. It is visible in newborns when bilirubin levels reach 5 mg/dL.
- Physiological jaundice is common in newborns and resolves on its own. Pathological jaundice requires treatment to prevent complications like kernicterus.
- Causes of neonatal jaundice include an imbalance between bilirubin production and excretion, as well as breastfeeding issues. Treatment depends on the type and severity of jaundice
Neonatal jaundice
This document discusses neonatal jaundice, also known as hyperbilirubinemia. It defines jaundice as an excessive level of bilirubin in the blood characterized by yellowing of the skin. It distinguishes between physiological jaundice, which occurs in most newborns and resolves on its own, and pathological jaundice, which requires treatment. The causes, diagnostic evaluation, therapeutic management including phototherapy, and nursing considerations for babies with hyperbilirubinemia are described in detail. The goals of treatment are to reduce bilirubin levels and prevent complications like bilirubin toxicity.
Neonatal jaundice
introduction, physiology, pathology, causes, clinical features, predisposing factors of neonatal jaundice.
Management of child with neonatal jaundice
Newborn jaundice is a yellowing of a baby's skin and eyes. Newborn jaundice is very common and can occur when babies have a high level of bilirubin, a yellow pigment produced during normal breakdown of red blood cells.
follow me on my YouTube channel :- medic o mania
neonatal jaundice
Neonatal jaundice is common, affecting 60% of term and 80% of preterm infants. It can signal illness but may also cause neurological damage if bilirubin levels are too high. Jaundice is either physiological, appearing after 24-72 hours and resolving by 2 weeks, or pathological, appearing within 24 hours with rapidly rising bilirubin or lasting over 2 weeks. Pathological jaundice requires treatment while physiological jaundice needs monitoring. Breast milk jaundice causes mild jaundice persisting up to 3 months. Conditions like Rh and ABO incompatibility can cause pathological jaundice through hemolysis. Very high unconjugated bilirubin levels can cross the blood
Newborn
The document discusses various topics related to newborn assessment including classification by gestational age and birth weight, Apgar scoring to evaluate newborns, transitional periods that newborns experience, important reflexes that newborns exhibit, and thermoregulation challenges for newborns due to their immature systems and susceptibility to heat loss. Proper assessment of newborns is outlined covering various body systems and measurements to evaluate growth and development.
Neonatal jaundice presentation
This document provides information about neonatal jaundice. It begins by defining jaundice as the yellowing of skin and eyes due to high bilirubin levels. It then discusses the different types of neonatal jaundice including physiological jaundice, pathological jaundice, breast milk jaundice, and breast feeding jaundice. Risk factors, signs, management, and complications of neonatal jaundice are also outlined. The document emphasizes the importance of monitoring bilirubin levels to prevent neurological complications such as kernicterus.
Hyperbilirubinemia
Hyperbilirubinemia is an elevated level of bilirubin in the blood that can cause jaundice. Bilirubin is formed from the breakdown of heme from red blood cells and is transported to the liver where it is conjugated and excreted in bile or reabsorbed in the enterohepatic circulation. Elevated bilirubin can be unconjugated or conjugated due to various hepatocellular or cholestatic conditions. Hereditary disorders like Crigler-Najjar syndrome and Gilbert's syndrome involve defects in bilirubin conjugation leading to unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia. Cholestatic diseases impair bile formation and flow causing conjug
neonatal Jaundice
1) Hyperbilirubinemia refers to excessive bilirubin in the blood, seen as yellowing of the skin. It occurs commonly in newborns.
2) Bilirubin is produced from the breakdown of red blood cells. Risk factors for severe hyperbilirubinemia in newborns include blood group incompatibility.
3) Treatment options include phototherapy, which uses light to convert bilirubin to a soluble form excreted in urine, and exchange transfusion, replacing infant blood. Preventive measures promote breastfeeding and monitor high-risk infants.
neonatal Jaundice
Neonatal jaundice is the yellow discoloration of skin and mucous membranes due to high bilirubin levels in newborns. It is common, occurring in 30-50% of term and 80% of preterm infants. Jaundice can be physiological or pathological. Physiological jaundice is mild and resolves on its own, while pathological jaundice requires treatment. Treatment may include phototherapy, phenobarbital, exchange transfusion or metalloporphyrins depending on bilirubin levels. The goal of treatment is to prevent kernicterus, a toxic brain condition caused by high bilirubin levels.
Neonatal Jaundice
This document provides information on neonatal jaundice, including definitions, causes, pathophysiology, assessment, diagnosis, signs and symptoms, complications, and management. The key points are:
- Neonatal jaundice is the yellow discoloration of skin and mucous membranes due to high bilirubin levels in newborns.
- It can be physiological, due to increased red blood cell breakdown and immature liver function in newborns, or pathological, due to excessive hemolysis or liver/gallbladder issues.
- Assessment involves history, physical exam, and lab tests to determine bilirubin levels and underlying cause. High bilirubin levels can cause the serious complication of
Neonatal jaundice (hyperbilirubinemia) by Rajiv Mavachi
Jaundice is the most common condition that requires medical attention in newborns. The yellow coloration of the skin and sclera in newborns with jaundice is the result of accumulation of unconjugated bilirubin.
Phototherapy in jaundice
Please find the power point on Phototherapy in jaundice . I tried to present it on understandable way and all the contents are reviewed by experts and from very reliable references. Thank you
Physiological jaundice
This document discusses physiological jaundice in newborns. It defines jaundice and physiological jaundice as yellowing of the skin due to high bilirubin levels. Physiological jaundice occurs in 50-60% of term babies between days 3-8 due to the immature liver's inability to fully process bilirubin. The document outlines the physiology, causes as fetal red blood cell breakdown and liver immaturity, signs as yellow skin and sclera, and management which may include increased feeding or phototherapy to reduce high bilirubin levels.
Care of preterm babies
This document discusses the care of preterm babies. Key points include:
- Preterm babies are born before 37 weeks gestation and have low birth weight, immature organ systems, and are susceptible to complications.
- Care involves temperature regulation, appropriate feeding, monitoring for complications like respiratory distress and infections.
- Feeding may begin with intravenous fluids or a nasogastric tube and progress to breastfeeding. Nutritional needs for protein, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins and minerals must be met.
- Ongoing monitoring of vital signs and development is needed to detect any issues and provide appropriate treatment and care. Immunizations should also be given according to schedule.
neonatal jaundice
This document provides information on neonatal jaundice, including:
- Jaundice is visible bilirubinemia caused by the breakdown of hemoglobin. It becomes apparent on skin at bilirubin levels over 5 mg/dl in neonates.
- Physiological jaundice occurs in 60% of term and 80% of preterm babies in the first week due to immature liver function.
- Pathological jaundice requires treatment if bilirubin rises too quickly, reaches over 15 mg/dl, or persists after 14 days.
- Causes include blood incompatibility, infection, bruising, or breast milk. Evaluation includes history, exam, and lab tests.
-
Preterm babies..............
This document discusses preterm and low birth weight infants. Key points include:
- Birth weight below 2,500g is considered low birth weight, which can be due to prematurity or restricted growth.
- Preterm infants are born before 38 weeks gestation and have increased risks due to anatomical and functional immaturity.
- Indian preterm rates are higher than Western countries. Prematurity is associated with numerous socioeconomic factors.
- Preterm infants require specialized care in the NICU to address physiological immaturity of organ systems and higher risks of complications like respiratory distress and infections.
- Growth, feeding tolerance, vital signs stability and weight gain are monitored as indicators of preterm infant health and readiness for
Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia management
This document discusses the management of hyperbilirubinemia in newborns. It begins by covering bilirubin metabolism, sources of bilirubin, and inherited disorders that can cause jaundice. It then addresses physiological and non-physiological hyperbilirubinemia in newborns. The management section covers evaluation, treatment options like phototherapy and exchange transfusion, and measures to prevent bilirubin toxicity and kernicterus. Key points include the various causes of neonatal jaundice, methods for estimating bilirubin levels, and the mechanisms by which phototherapy works to reduce serum bilirubin.
Phototherapy in neonatal jaundice
Phototherapy in neonatal jaundice: Introduction, definition, indication, purposes, rule of thumb, lights used in phototherapy mechanism of phototherapy, techniques of phototherapy, phototherapy units, nursing care in phototherapy, short term and long term complications, nursing diagnosis in phototherapy.
Neonatal jaundice
This document provides an overview of neonatal jaundice, including its epidemiology, pathophysiology, etiology, clinical presentation, management, and complications. Key points include:
- Neonatal jaundice is common, occurring in 50-80% of newborns, and is usually harmless. It is caused by elevated bilirubin levels in the blood.
- Jaundice can be physiological or pathological. The causes and management differ depending on whether the elevated bilirubin is conjugated or unconjugated.
- Evaluation involves clinical exam, bilirubin levels, and other tests to determine the underlying cause. Management includes phototherapy, exchange transfusion, or pharmacotherapy depending on
All about Jaundice
Jaundice is a condition characterized by yellowing of the skin and eyes due to high bilirubin levels in the blood. Bilirubin is produced from the breakdown of red blood cells and processed by the liver; jaundice can occur when there is excessive bilirubin production, impaired liver function, or blockage of bile flow from the liver. The document discusses the causes, types, signs, tests, and treatments for jaundice.
Hyperbilirubinemia- Its not easy being yellow
This document provides an overview of hyperbilirubinemia in newborns. It begins with a brief introduction and outline. It then covers topics like bilirubin physiology including heme catabolism, transport, hepatic uptake, and conjugation. It discusses bilirubin toxicity and the factors that influence the rate of bilirubin production and elimination. It also covers differential diagnosis, "vigintiphobia" or fear of bilirubin levels reaching 20, workup, treatment including phototherapy, and breast milk jaundice. Key points emphasized are the importance of interpreting bilirubin levels based on an infant's age in hours, major and minor risk factors, and indications for phototherapy in
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Neonatal jaundice
This document discusses neonatal jaundice, including its definition, pathophysiology, types, complications, and management. Key points include:
- Jaundice is caused by a buildup of bilirubin, which appears yellow. It is visible in newborns when bilirubin levels reach 5 mg/dL.
- Physiological jaundice is common in newborns and resolves on its own. Pathological jaundice requires treatment to prevent complications like kernicterus.
- Causes of neonatal jaundice include an imbalance between bilirubin production and excretion, as well as breastfeeding issues. Treatment depends on the type and severity of jaundice
Neonatal jaundice
This document discusses neonatal jaundice, also known as hyperbilirubinemia. It defines jaundice as an excessive level of bilirubin in the blood characterized by yellowing of the skin. It distinguishes between physiological jaundice, which occurs in most newborns and resolves on its own, and pathological jaundice, which requires treatment. The causes, diagnostic evaluation, therapeutic management including phototherapy, and nursing considerations for babies with hyperbilirubinemia are described in detail. The goals of treatment are to reduce bilirubin levels and prevent complications like bilirubin toxicity.
Neonatal jaundice
introduction, physiology, pathology, causes, clinical features, predisposing factors of neonatal jaundice.
Management of child with neonatal jaundice
Newborn jaundice is a yellowing of a baby's skin and eyes. Newborn jaundice is very common and can occur when babies have a high level of bilirubin, a yellow pigment produced during normal breakdown of red blood cells.
follow me on my YouTube channel :- medic o mania
neonatal jaundice
Neonatal jaundice is common, affecting 60% of term and 80% of preterm infants. It can signal illness but may also cause neurological damage if bilirubin levels are too high. Jaundice is either physiological, appearing after 24-72 hours and resolving by 2 weeks, or pathological, appearing within 24 hours with rapidly rising bilirubin or lasting over 2 weeks. Pathological jaundice requires treatment while physiological jaundice needs monitoring. Breast milk jaundice causes mild jaundice persisting up to 3 months. Conditions like Rh and ABO incompatibility can cause pathological jaundice through hemolysis. Very high unconjugated bilirubin levels can cross the blood
Newborn
The document discusses various topics related to newborn assessment including classification by gestational age and birth weight, Apgar scoring to evaluate newborns, transitional periods that newborns experience, important reflexes that newborns exhibit, and thermoregulation challenges for newborns due to their immature systems and susceptibility to heat loss. Proper assessment of newborns is outlined covering various body systems and measurements to evaluate growth and development.
Neonatal jaundice presentation
This document provides information about neonatal jaundice. It begins by defining jaundice as the yellowing of skin and eyes due to high bilirubin levels. It then discusses the different types of neonatal jaundice including physiological jaundice, pathological jaundice, breast milk jaundice, and breast feeding jaundice. Risk factors, signs, management, and complications of neonatal jaundice are also outlined. The document emphasizes the importance of monitoring bilirubin levels to prevent neurological complications such as kernicterus.
Hyperbilirubinemia
Hyperbilirubinemia is an elevated level of bilirubin in the blood that can cause jaundice. Bilirubin is formed from the breakdown of heme from red blood cells and is transported to the liver where it is conjugated and excreted in bile or reabsorbed in the enterohepatic circulation. Elevated bilirubin can be unconjugated or conjugated due to various hepatocellular or cholestatic conditions. Hereditary disorders like Crigler-Najjar syndrome and Gilbert's syndrome involve defects in bilirubin conjugation leading to unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia. Cholestatic diseases impair bile formation and flow causing conjug
neonatal Jaundice
1) Hyperbilirubinemia refers to excessive bilirubin in the blood, seen as yellowing of the skin. It occurs commonly in newborns.
2) Bilirubin is produced from the breakdown of red blood cells. Risk factors for severe hyperbilirubinemia in newborns include blood group incompatibility.
3) Treatment options include phototherapy, which uses light to convert bilirubin to a soluble form excreted in urine, and exchange transfusion, replacing infant blood. Preventive measures promote breastfeeding and monitor high-risk infants.
neonatal Jaundice
Neonatal jaundice is the yellow discoloration of skin and mucous membranes due to high bilirubin levels in newborns. It is common, occurring in 30-50% of term and 80% of preterm infants. Jaundice can be physiological or pathological. Physiological jaundice is mild and resolves on its own, while pathological jaundice requires treatment. Treatment may include phototherapy, phenobarbital, exchange transfusion or metalloporphyrins depending on bilirubin levels. The goal of treatment is to prevent kernicterus, a toxic brain condition caused by high bilirubin levels.
Neonatal Jaundice
This document provides information on neonatal jaundice, including definitions, causes, pathophysiology, assessment, diagnosis, signs and symptoms, complications, and management. The key points are:
- Neonatal jaundice is the yellow discoloration of skin and mucous membranes due to high bilirubin levels in newborns.
- It can be physiological, due to increased red blood cell breakdown and immature liver function in newborns, or pathological, due to excessive hemolysis or liver/gallbladder issues.
- Assessment involves history, physical exam, and lab tests to determine bilirubin levels and underlying cause. High bilirubin levels can cause the serious complication of
Neonatal jaundice (hyperbilirubinemia) by Rajiv Mavachi
Jaundice is the most common condition that requires medical attention in newborns. The yellow coloration of the skin and sclera in newborns with jaundice is the result of accumulation of unconjugated bilirubin.
Phototherapy in jaundice
Please find the power point on Phototherapy in jaundice . I tried to present it on understandable way and all the contents are reviewed by experts and from very reliable references. Thank you
Physiological jaundice
This document discusses physiological jaundice in newborns. It defines jaundice and physiological jaundice as yellowing of the skin due to high bilirubin levels. Physiological jaundice occurs in 50-60% of term babies between days 3-8 due to the immature liver's inability to fully process bilirubin. The document outlines the physiology, causes as fetal red blood cell breakdown and liver immaturity, signs as yellow skin and sclera, and management which may include increased feeding or phototherapy to reduce high bilirubin levels.
Care of preterm babies
This document discusses the care of preterm babies. Key points include:
- Preterm babies are born before 37 weeks gestation and have low birth weight, immature organ systems, and are susceptible to complications.
- Care involves temperature regulation, appropriate feeding, monitoring for complications like respiratory distress and infections.
- Feeding may begin with intravenous fluids or a nasogastric tube and progress to breastfeeding. Nutritional needs for protein, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins and minerals must be met.
- Ongoing monitoring of vital signs and development is needed to detect any issues and provide appropriate treatment and care. Immunizations should also be given according to schedule.
neonatal jaundice
This document provides information on neonatal jaundice, including:
- Jaundice is visible bilirubinemia caused by the breakdown of hemoglobin. It becomes apparent on skin at bilirubin levels over 5 mg/dl in neonates.
- Physiological jaundice occurs in 60% of term and 80% of preterm babies in the first week due to immature liver function.
- Pathological jaundice requires treatment if bilirubin rises too quickly, reaches over 15 mg/dl, or persists after 14 days.
- Causes include blood incompatibility, infection, bruising, or breast milk. Evaluation includes history, exam, and lab tests.
-
Preterm babies..............
This document discusses preterm and low birth weight infants. Key points include:
- Birth weight below 2,500g is considered low birth weight, which can be due to prematurity or restricted growth.
- Preterm infants are born before 38 weeks gestation and have increased risks due to anatomical and functional immaturity.
- Indian preterm rates are higher than Western countries. Prematurity is associated with numerous socioeconomic factors.
- Preterm infants require specialized care in the NICU to address physiological immaturity of organ systems and higher risks of complications like respiratory distress and infections.
- Growth, feeding tolerance, vital signs stability and weight gain are monitored as indicators of preterm infant health and readiness for
Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia management
This document discusses the management of hyperbilirubinemia in newborns. It begins by covering bilirubin metabolism, sources of bilirubin, and inherited disorders that can cause jaundice. It then addresses physiological and non-physiological hyperbilirubinemia in newborns. The management section covers evaluation, treatment options like phototherapy and exchange transfusion, and measures to prevent bilirubin toxicity and kernicterus. Key points include the various causes of neonatal jaundice, methods for estimating bilirubin levels, and the mechanisms by which phototherapy works to reduce serum bilirubin.
Phototherapy in neonatal jaundice
Phototherapy in neonatal jaundice: Introduction, definition, indication, purposes, rule of thumb, lights used in phototherapy mechanism of phototherapy, techniques of phototherapy, phototherapy units, nursing care in phototherapy, short term and long term complications, nursing diagnosis in phototherapy.
Neonatal jaundice
This document provides an overview of neonatal jaundice, including its epidemiology, pathophysiology, etiology, clinical presentation, management, and complications. Key points include:
- Neonatal jaundice is common, occurring in 50-80% of newborns, and is usually harmless. It is caused by elevated bilirubin levels in the blood.
- Jaundice can be physiological or pathological. The causes and management differ depending on whether the elevated bilirubin is conjugated or unconjugated.
- Evaluation involves clinical exam, bilirubin levels, and other tests to determine the underlying cause. Management includes phototherapy, exchange transfusion, or pharmacotherapy depending on
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All about Jaundice
Jaundice is a condition characterized by yellowing of the skin and eyes due to high bilirubin levels in the blood. Bilirubin is produced from the breakdown of red blood cells and processed by the liver; jaundice can occur when there is excessive bilirubin production, impaired liver function, or blockage of bile flow from the liver. The document discusses the causes, types, signs, tests, and treatments for jaundice.
Hyperbilirubinemia- Its not easy being yellow
This document provides an overview of hyperbilirubinemia in newborns. It begins with a brief introduction and outline. It then covers topics like bilirubin physiology including heme catabolism, transport, hepatic uptake, and conjugation. It discusses bilirubin toxicity and the factors that influence the rate of bilirubin production and elimination. It also covers differential diagnosis, "vigintiphobia" or fear of bilirubin levels reaching 20, workup, treatment including phototherapy, and breast milk jaundice. Key points emphasized are the importance of interpreting bilirubin levels based on an infant's age in hours, major and minor risk factors, and indications for phototherapy in
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Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia
This document discusses neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and provides guidelines for phototherapy treatment. It outlines various risk factors that can increase the risk of significant jaundice in infants, such as gestational age, race, family history of jaundice, and conditions that can cause hemolysis like ABO incompatibility. It also discusses the potential consequences of untreated high bilirubin levels, known as kernicterus, which can lead to neurological damage or death. Guidelines are provided on assessing jaundice risk based on bilirubin levels and thresholds for phototherapy treatment in hospitalized infants 35 weeks or more gestation.
Neonatal jaundice final
This document discusses neonatal jaundice and hyperbilirubinemia. It defines jaundice as a yellowish discoloration of the skin caused by an excessive level of bilirubin in the blood. It notes that jaundice is common in newborns, occurring in 60-70% of term babies and 80% of preterm babies. The document outlines the causes, types, risk factors, monitoring, and management of neonatal jaundice, with a focus on phototherapy as the main treatment for unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia.
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Jaundice neonatal
This document discusses neonatal jaundice (hyperbilirubinemia), which presents as yellowing of the skin in newborns. It defines jaundice and differentiates between physiological and pathological types. Causes of jaundice include hemolytic diseases, infections, and metabolic disorders. The main treatment is phototherapy to reduce bilirubin levels. Nursing considerations involve regular assessment of jaundice and hydration during phototherapy to prevent complications like dehydration and skin damage. The goals are to appropriately treat high bilirubin levels while avoiding therapy side effects and supporting the family.
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Approach to neonatal jaundice
This document discusses jaundice in newborn babies. It notes that jaundice appearing in the first 24 hours is usually due to hemolytic diseases or infections, while jaundice appearing 24-72 hours is often physiological or due to other conditions like sepsis. The case describes a baby who developed jaundice on his second day and was found to have a serum bilirubin of 10 mg/dl, diagnosing him with physiological jaundice. Guidelines are provided for evaluating jaundice based on bilirubin levels and risk factors.
Jaundice presentation
This document defines jaundice as hyperbilirubinemia, an excessive level of bilirubin in the blood, and differentiates between physiological and pathological jaundice. It states that kernicterus, caused by unconjugated bilirubin deposits in the brain, is the most dangerous complication. An approach to evaluating a jaundiced baby includes assessing age, risk factors, and signs of kernicterus, and determining if jaundice is physiological or pathological by considering time of onset and duration. Workup may include bilirubin levels, blood typing, and additional tests depending on the situation. Treatment options include increasing feeding, phototherapy, and exchange transfusion for more severe cases.
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Nursing care of_hyperbilirubinemia
- The document discusses nursing care for newborns with hyperbilirubinemia, including causes, types, management, and nursing responsibilities. It provides information on phototherapy and exchange transfusions. Key points include increasing feeding to stimulate bilirubin excretion, monitoring for jaundice and maintaining fluid intake during phototherapy to prevent complications. Nursing care plans address risks from elevated bilirubin levels and supporting family attachment and preparation for discharge.
Copy of 2,Neonatal_Jaundice.pptx
Neonatal jaundice is caused by an accumulation of unconjugated bilirubin in the blood and tissues. Physiological jaundice appears between 2-4 days of life, peaks at 5-6 mg/dL by days 2-4, and resolves by days 5-7. Pathological jaundice appears within 24 hours, bilirubin increases more than 5 mg/dL per day, persists past 14 days, or direct bilirubin is elevated. Causes include hemolytic diseases, breastfeeding, infections, and genetic disorders affecting bilirubin metabolism. Timely diagnosis and treatment are important to prevent neurotoxicity and kernicterus.
Icterus neonatorum presentation for students
Introduction
Definition
Metabolism and excretion of bilirubin
Causes
Symptoms
Types
Physiological jaundice
Pathological jaundice
Breast milk jaundice
Neo natal jaundice is a yellow discoloration of the white part of the eyes and skin in a newborn baby due to high bilirubin level.
Neo natal jaundice becomes apparent at serum bilirubin concentration of 5-7mg / dL.
Shoulder and trunk 8-10mg/dl
Lower body – 10-12mg/dl.
Entire body 12-15 mg /DL
jaundice.pptx
This document discusses neonatal jaundice, including its causes, types, and treatments. It notes that nearly all newborns develop transient hyperbilirubinemia and nearly 65% are clinically jaundiced. Jaundice in the first 24 hours is always pathological. Kernicterus results from deposition of unconjugated bilirubin in brain cells and can be prevented by treatments like phototherapy and exchange transfusion when bilirubin levels are high. The document outlines the mechanisms, types, and management of both unconjugated and conjugated hyperbilirubinemia.
Neonatal jaundice
This presentation on neonatal jaundice focuses on the meaning, causes, types and nutritional guidelines.
Pathological jaundice
Pathological jaundice appears within 24 hours of birth and is characterized by a rapid rise in bilirubin levels. It can be caused by excessive red blood cell destruction, defective conjugation/clearance, or metabolic disorders. Common symptoms include yellow skin, eyes, poor feeding and lethargy. Diagnosis involves history, physical exam, and lab tests like total and direct bilirubin levels. Treatment may include phototherapy, drug therapy like phenobarbital, or exchange transfusions in severe cases. Complications can include kernicterus if levels become too high, resulting in yellow staining of the brain and neurological issues. Nursing care focuses on monitoring, hydration, skin protection during phototherapy,
Neonatal jaundice power pointpresentation
Neonatal jaundice is the yellowish discoloration of skin due to high bilirubin levels. It can be physiological, appearing 2-3 days after birth and resolving in 10-12 days, or pathological, appearing within 24 hours. Physiological jaundice is caused by the normal breakdown of red blood cells in newborns. Pathological jaundice has underlying causes that interfere with bilirubin production, transport, conjugation or excretion. Mild cases are monitored while moderate-severe cases may require phototherapy or phototherapy with medication to process the bilirubin for excretion.
Neonatal jaundice- a review article
Neonatal jaundice is the condition often seen in infants around the second day after birth. It is mainly caused by
increased levels of bilirubin (physiological jaundice and prolonged jaundice and other non organic causes) and
the symptoms like yellow colour of the skin, dark urine, pale stools. It was assessed by colour of the skin and
severity of jaundice (krammers staging score).Treated by phototherapy, exchange transfusion, pharmacological
agents and natural and home remedies. By this article we concludes that parents should be educated about the
consequences of severe hyperbilirubinemia and simple means to prevent it.
Neonatal jaundice
Neonatal jaundice occurs in 60% of term and 80% of preterm babies. Despite Neonatal jaundice is one of the commonest neonatal conditions, there are no national practice guidelines for its management in our country. Lack of uniform guidelines and standard practice parameters for diagnosis and management of neonatal jaundice often leads many babies to develop unnoticed hyperbilirubinemia causing kernicterus and long term poor neurological sequelae. This review after briefly discussing the epidemiology and pathophysiology of neonatal jaundice provides evidence-based pragmatic guidelines for the diagnosis and management of neonatal jaundice in resource-limited countries like Afghanistan
NEONATAL JAUNDICE .pptx
Neonatal Jaundice and hyperbilirubinemia, exchange transfusion ,phototheraphy @pediatric Nursing @Neonates
@Education @newborn @ News
@Hyperbilirubinemia @nursing
@Medical @health @Medicine @Knowledge @world @Business
ADRENAL GLAND DISORDERS.doc
Adrenal gland disorders include hypofunction which can lead to acute or chronic insufficiency, and hyperfunction which often leads to overproduction of androgens or cortisol. Acute adrenocortical insufficiency occurs suddenly due to infection or abrupt cessation of corticosteroid therapy, causing low blood pressure, fever, dehydration, hypoglycemia, and seizures. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia is inherited and causes overproduction of androgens due to inability to produce cortisol, resulting in masculinization of female genitalia and precocious puberty if untreated. The salt-losing form also causes loss of sodium and fluids leading to dehydration, weight loss, and
Neonatal Jaundice.pptx
Neonatal jaundice, also known as neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, refers to the yellow discoloration of skin and eyes in newborn babies due to high levels of bilirubin. It is common and usually harmless, but in rare cases can lead to kernicterus if bilirubin levels get too high. There are two main types - physiological jaundice which occurs after 24 hours of life and is harmless, and pathological jaundice which occurs earlier and requires treatment. Causes include breast milk jaundice, Rh incompatibility, infections, and liver or blood disorders. Treatment depends on bilirubin levels but may include phototherapy, fluid supplementation, or in severe cases
Neonatal jaundice
This document discusses neonatal jaundice, including its causes, clinical presentation, evaluation, and management. It describes the normal bilirubin metabolism in newborns and factors that can cause unconjugated or conjugated hyperbilirubinemia. Causes of jaundice in the first 24 hours include ABO incompatibility and G6PD deficiency. Prolonged jaundice beyond 2 weeks requires investigation for possible biliary atresia. Treatment involves phototherapy or exchange transfusion depending on bilirubin levels to prevent kernicterus.
PHYSIOLOGICAL JAUNDICE.ppt
Physiological jaundice is common in newborns and results from the breakdown of excess red blood cells. It peaks between 48-72 hours of life and usually resolves by 1 week. The bilirubin produced is initially unconjugated and insoluble, but is converted in the liver to conjugated bilirubin which is water soluble and excreted in bile and urine. For some infants, phototherapy may be needed to prevent bilirubin levels from rising too high and posing a risk of kernicterus, or permanent brain damage from bilirubin toxicity. Proper feeding and care can help resolve physiological jaundice, while monitoring bilirubin levels helps guide treatment and management
Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia
This document provides information on neonatal hyperbilirubinemia or jaundice. It defines jaundice and discusses the mechanisms and risk factors for both physiologic and pathologic hyperbilirubinemia in newborns. It outlines the evaluation, management, and treatment of hyperbilirubinemia including phototherapy and exchange transfusion. The major points covered are the definition of jaundice, causes of increased and decreased bilirubin levels in newborns, clinical assessment and lab evaluation of hyperbilirubinemia, guidelines for phototherapy and exchange transfusion, and methods to optimize phototherapy treatment.
NNJ.pptx
This document provides an outline and overview of neonatal jaundice (NNJ). It begins with an introduction defining NNJ and noting that it is one of the most common conditions in newborns. It then covers the pathophysiology of jaundice, classifications of jaundice, assessment of patients including history, physical exam and investigations. It discusses complications of NNJ including acute and chronic bilirubin encephalopathy. Finally, it outlines the management of NNJ including phototherapy, exchange transfusion and pharmacological interventions.
all you want to know about neonatal jaundice
This document discusses neonatal jaundice. It defines jaundice and hyperbilirubinemia. It describes the normal metabolism of bilirubin in newborns and sources of bilirubin production. It covers the epidemiology, etiology, clinical manifestations, differential diagnosis, and treatment of physiological vs pathological jaundice. Key points include higher bilirubin production in newborns, causes of jaundice within 24 hours, and treatment methods like phototherapy and exchange transfusion to prevent bilirubin neurotoxicity.
NNJ.pptx
Over 60% of newborns experience jaundice due to the normal physiological breakdown of red blood cells in the first few days after birth. Unconjugated bilirubin can potentially be deposited in the brain, causing kernicterus. The liver's ability to conjugate and excrete bilirubin is impaired in preterm and ill newborns compared to healthy full term babies. Conditions like sepsis, hemolytic disease, or liver dysfunction can also cause pathological jaundice beyond the first 2 weeks of life. Timely diagnosis and treatments like phototherapy and exchange transfusion are important to prevent bilirubin encephalopathy.
Neonatal jaundice(reference msia cpg)
Neonatal jaundice is one of the most common conditions in newborns. It is caused by high levels of bilirubin in the blood which causes yellowing of the skin. Physiological jaundice is common and appears after 24 hours, peaks by days 3-5, and resolves by 14 days without treatment. Pathological jaundice appears within 24 hours and requires treatment. Proper assessment includes history, physical exam, and lab tests to determine severity and risk of complications like acute bilirubin encephalopathy. Treatment may include phototherapy or exchange transfusion in severe cases. Close monitoring is important to prevent bilirubin neurotoxicity in newborns.
Neonatal Jaundice
This document provides an overview of neonatal jaundice presented by Dr. Binaya Dhakal of Shree Birendra Hospital. It discusses the metabolism of bilirubin, types of neonatal jaundice including physiological, pathological, breastfeeding and breast milk jaundice. It also covers the evaluation, causes, approach and management of hyperbilirubinemia as well as prolonged hyperbilirubinemia. Management options discussed include phototherapy, intravenous immunoglobulins, exchange transfusion and metalloporphyrins. The document concludes with information on kernicterus.
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Hyperbilirubinemia
- 3. 1. Due to low oxygen tension in fetal blood , the fetus has a high hemoglobin and hematocrit. 2. At birth , oxygen tension increases and the extra RBCs are no longer needed . 3. The infant begins breaking down the excessive RBCs. 4. As RBCs are broken down , indirect bilirubin is released .
- 4. 5. Indirect bilirubin (unconjugated) is fat soluble. 6. The liver converts indirect bilirubin to direct bilirubin (conjugated), which is water soluble and can be excreted in the urine. 7. In the normal newborn , the direct bilirubin reaches its peak at about three days of life and then starts to decrease. This is termed physiologic jaundice .
- 5. 8. In a child with hyperbilirubinemia , the indirect bilirubin level may start climbing within hours of birth or the level of indirect bilirubin is excessive interfering with brain function. 9. Normal indirect (unconjugated) bilirubin levels are below 1.4mg/dl.
- 6. Following birth , the liver is unable to convert indirect bilirubin to direct bilirubin adequately. The direct bilirubin builds up In the blood and collects in fat-rich tissue including the skin and the lining of the brain. When the indirect bilirubin level reaches toxic range, the brain will be affected . This bilirubin encephalopathy is called kernicterus. Any condition that stresses the liver will delay the conjugation and increase the risk of hyperbilirubinemia.
- 7. Causes of hyperbilirubinemia , include RH and ABO incompatibility , prematurity and immaturity , any injury which increases blood cell destruction such as bruising , petechiae , and hematomas, infant of a diabetic mother , cold stress , infection , and breast-feeding.
- 8. Yellow appearance to the skin : The skin discoloration begins on the face and spreads caudally . Sclera also appear yellow . As kernicterus develops , additional symptoms may be seen . Such as : 1. Poor feeding. 2. High pitched shrill cry . 3. Lethargy or irritability .
- 10. Based on bilirubin levels Liver function test . blood tests ultrasound scan. CT MRI
- 11. Phototherapy . Exchange transfusions are done only in the most extreme cases. Intravenous immunoglobulin
- 12. Sepsis in bile ducts. Biliary cirrhosis. Pancreatitis Coagulopathy Hepatic and renal failure.
- 13. 1. Provide phototherapy , which slowly converts the indirect bilirubin on the skin surface so that it can be excreted . It is important that the treatment be continuous. 2. Ensure that the child is uncovered except genitalia and eyes 3. Cover the eyes with occlusive pads 4. Turn the infant frequently
- 14. 5. . A Use no lotions or oils on the infant’s skin to prevent burning 6. Provide extra water feeding 7. Maintain body temperature within normal limits 8. Provide diaper care frequently as the stool tend to be loose and irritating