The document discusses the hydrosphere, biosphere, lithosphere and sustainable development. The hydrosphere refers to all water on Earth's surface and underground, including oceans, lakes and vapor in the atmosphere. The biosphere is the part of Earth where life exists, overlapping with the hydrosphere and atmosphere. The lithosphere is Earth's solid outer layer including the crust and upper mantle. Sustainable development aims to meet current needs without compromising future generations by using resources renewable and protecting the environment.

1. HYDROSPHERE, BIOSPHERE,
LITHOSPHERE& SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT
SOUSAN
A274153121006
HG&MM- INTEGRATED

2. HYDROSPHERE
❑The hydrosphere is the total amount of water on a planet. The
hydrosphere includes water that is on the surface of the planet,
underground, and in the air. A planet’s hydrosphere can be liquid,
vapor, or ice. On earth, liquid water exists on the surface in the
form of oceans, lakes, and rivers.
❑ The total mass of Earth’s hydrosphere is about 1.4×1018 tonnes,
which is about 0.023% of Earth’s total mass. At any given time,
about 20×1012 tonnes of this is in the form of water vapor in the
Earth’s atmosphere( for practical purposes, 1 cubic meter of water
weighs one tonne).

3. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed underCC BY

4. IMPORTANCE OF HYDROSPHERE
❑The major significance of the hydrosphere is that water
sustains various life forms. Further, it plays an essential role
in ecosystems and regulates the atmosphere. The hydrosphere
covers all water present on the surface of the earth.
❑The hydrosphere benefits humans in numerous ways. Besides
drinking, water is used for domestic purposes like cooking
and cleaning as well as for industrial purposes. Water can also
be used for transportation, agriculture, and to generate
electricity through hydropower.

5. Biosphere
❑The biosphere is made up of the parts of Earth where life exists. The
biosphere extends from the deepest root systems of trees to the dark
environment of ocean trenches, to lush rain forests and high
mountaintops.
❑Since life exists on the ground, in the air, and in the water, the
biosphere overlaps all these spheres.
❑Although the biosphere measures about 20 kilometers(20 miles) from
top to bottom, almost all life exists between about 500 meters (1,640
feet ) below the ocean’s surface to about 6 kilometers(3.75 miles) above
sea level.

7. LITHOSPHERE
❑The lithosphere is the solid, outer part of the Earth. The
lithosphere includes the brittle upper portion of the mantle and
the crust, the outermost layers of Earth’s structure. It is bounded
by the atmosphere above and the asthenosphere (another part of
the upper mantle)below.
❑There are two types of lithosphere: oceanic lithosphere and
continental lithosphere. Oceanic lithosphere is associated with
oceanic crust and is slightly denser than continental lithosphere.
❑Example, the Rocky Mountain range in western North America.

8. Structure of lithosphere

9. Sustainable development
❑Development that meets the needs of the present without
compromising the ability of future generations to meet their
own needs.
❑Sustainable development is defined as an approach to
developing or growing by using resources in a way that
allows for them to renew or continue to exist for others.
❑Example, Using recycled materials or renewable resources
when building.

10. OBJECTIVES OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
1. Economic Growth: For creating an economy that is sustainable and
growing in the right direction.
2. Protecting the Environment: This objective focuses on the
contribution of humans towards protecting and enhancing the natural
environment, by minimizing pollution and waste, also working
towards reducing the global carbon footprint.
3. Social Inclusion: This objective focuses on providing the facility of
housing for future generations and assisting in creating healthy,
strong and vibrant global communities.