This document summarizes a presentation on a hydrological analysis of the Kavre Valley Integrated Water Supply Project in Nepal. The analysis assessed water supply and demand in the project area. Key findings include: - Existing water systems are insufficient to meet population needs, but tapping 5 sources in the Roshi River can provide 108 lps of supply to meet the projected 2024 demand of 106.43 lps. - Supply is sufficient to meet demand through 2024 with a small surplus, but industrial/institutional demand was not included in projections. - Integration of new and existing local water systems is recommended to efficiently manage water resources and meet increasing demands.

1. Dept. of Environmental Science & Engineering,
Kathmandu University
Hydrological Analysis focused on Water Supply & Demand
of Kavre Valley Integrated Water Supply Project
Presented By:
Situ Sainju (M.Sc. ENR)
9 Nov 2017
Supervised By:
Dr. Nawaraj Khatiwada, Associate Professor, KU
Dr. Daniel Nover, Assistant Professor, UC Merced
Dr. Madhav Narayan Shrestha, Senior Faculty, AITM

2. KATHMANDUUNIVERSITY
www.ku.edu.np
Dept.ofEnvironmentalScienceandEngineering,SchoolofScience
2
Presentation Outline
 Introduction
 Literature Review
 Rationale of the study
 Objectives
 Research Questions
 Materials and Methods
 Results and Discussion
 Conclusion and recommendations
 References
 Acknowledgement

3. KATHMANDUUNIVERSITY
www.ku.edu.np
Dept.ofEnvironmentalScienceandEngineering,SchoolofScience
3
Introduction
 Drinking water, sanitation, road facility, air quality etc are
the basic services of environment.
 Water remains to be the key resource system for the
economic development in Nepal.
 Integrated water resources management - helps to manage
and develop water resources in a sustainable and balanced
way, taking account of social, economic and environmental
interests.
 Kavre Valley Integrated Water Supply Project (KVIWSP)
with an objective to improve water supply system in the three
cities Banepa, Panauti and Dhulikhel Municipalities.

4. KATHMANDUUNIVERSITY
www.ku.edu.np
Dept.ofEnvironmentalScienceandEngineering,SchoolofScience
4
Introduction
 Existing water supply systems which are neither regular nor
sufficient enough for the entire urban population.
 Extract water from Roshi Khola and its tributaries
 Municipalities will be provided with regular and adequate
water supply systems.
 The quality and quantity of water resources are diminishing.
 The integrated approach co-ordinates water resources
management across sectors and interest groups, and at
different scales, from local to international.

5. KATHMANDUUNIVERSITY
www.ku.edu.np
Dept.ofEnvironmentalScienceandEngineering,SchoolofScience
5
Literature Review
 Present Condition of Drinking Water in Nepal
The population of urban areas are growing rapidly every year
and new municipalities and metropolis are rising up. With
these developments, population as well as demand of water
increase rapidly due to various application of water. But the
pace of water supply projects does not match that of the
demand due to which problem related to water supply remain
largely unsolved.
 Integrated Approach on Water Management
The researchers on water management assume that the future of
water is directly influenced by the choices made collectively by
the global population. In particular those choices affecting income
and population growth, investments in water infrastructure,
allocation of water to various uses, and reforms in water
management.

6. KATHMANDUUNIVERSITY
www.ku.edu.np
Dept.ofEnvironmentalScienceandEngineering,SchoolofScience
6
Rationale for the study
 The water available at the source is limited.
 The yield of the sources are not sufficient to meet the water
demand.
 Concerns were raised on the impact of diversion of water from
the Roshi Khola and its tributaries to the downstream water
uses.
 Urbanization and life style are creating pressure on water
sources.
 Imbalance between water supply and demand

7. KATHMANDUUNIVERSITY
www.ku.edu.np
Dept.ofEnvironmentalScienceandEngineering,SchoolofScience
7
Objectives
General objectives
To assess the water resource planning and management for
Kavre Valley Integrated Water Supply Project
Specific objective
To analyze the hydrology focused on water supply & demand
for Kavre Valley Integrated Water Supply Project.
To examine the sufficiency of water sources to meet the
demand and impact on KVIWSP due to increased demand.
To quantify the difference between supply and demand for dry
and wet season.

8. KATHMANDUUNIVERSITY
www.ku.edu.np
Dept.ofEnvironmentalScienceandEngineering,SchoolofScience
8
Research Questions
 What are the quantity of water mostly available in the area by
hydrological analysis?
 What is the water demand, supply and impact on KVIWSP due
to increasing service area and population?
 What are the various existing and potential water resource
management approaches?

9. KATHMANDUUNIVERSITY
www.ku.edu.np
Dept.ofEnvironmentalScienceandEngineering,SchoolofScience
9
Limitation of the study
 All the impacts due to diversion of water from source to
KVIWSP may not be studied.
 All the causes for diminishing capacity of the sources may not
be studied.
 Details of watershed of Roshi may not be covered.

10. KATHMANDUUNIVERSITY
www.ku.edu.np
Dept.ofEnvironmentalScienceandEngineering,SchoolofScience
10
Description of Kavre Valley Integrated Water
Supply Project
Name of the
Project
Kavre Valley Integrated Water
Supply Scheme (KVIWSS)
Type Gravity System
Location Area
Region Central
Development
Region
Zone Bagmati
District Kavre
VDC/Municipality
Banepa, Panauti and Dhulikhel
Municipalities

11. KATHMANDUUNIVERSITY
www.ku.edu.np
Dept.ofEnvironmentalScienceandEngineering,SchoolofScience
11
Project Location including three municipalities

12. KATHMANDUUNIVERSITY
www.ku.edu.np
Dept.ofEnvironmentalScienceandEngineering,SchoolofScience
12
Muldole 35
lps (Roshi)
Sishakhani
25 lps
Baira
Mahadev
7.5 lps
Gudgude 5
lps
Khar Khola
5.23 lps
Source Description

13. KATHMANDUUNIVERSITY
www.ku.edu.np
Dept.ofEnvironmentalScienceandEngineering,SchoolofScience
13
Roshi Khola - Perennial River - Originates Mahabharat Range at
Kalati Bhumidanda VDC
Confluences with Sunkoshi - Tributary of Koshi Basin
Rich in natural resources like water sources, stone queries, forest
and agricultural land.
Kalati Bhumidanda VDC-
• (27°33’ N 85º27’E to 27.55°N 85.45°E)
• Around 1800 m above mean sea level in the down reach of Roshi
Khola
Study Area

14. KATHMANDUUNIVERSITY
www.ku.edu.np
Dept.ofEnvironmentalScienceandEngineering,SchoolofScience
14
Study Area

15. KATHMANDUUNIVERSITY
www.ku.edu.np
Dept.ofEnvironmentalScienceandEngineering,SchoolofScience
15
Measurement of Discharge
 Current meter was used to
find the value of flow
velocity and depth at the
sections whereas measuring
tape was used to determine
the width of the section.

16. KATHMANDUUNIVERSITY
www.ku.edu.np
Dept.ofEnvironmentalScienceandEngineering,SchoolofScience
16
Discharge measurement result
-0.4
-0.3
-0.2
-0.1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5
Velocity[m/s]Discharge[m3/s]
Depth[m]
Distance to initial point [m]
Depth [m]
Mean Velocity
Discharge

17. KATHMANDUUNIVERSITY
www.ku.edu.np
Dept.ofEnvironmentalScienceandEngineering,SchoolofScience
17
Results and Discussion
 Objective 1: To analyze the hydrology focused on water supply
& demand for Kavre Valley Integrated Water Supply Project
Water Demand for KVIWSP
Year
Banepa
Municipality
Dhulikhel
Municipality
Panauti
Municipality
Total
Populati
on
Demand
(lps)
Populati
on
Demand
(lps)
Populati
on
Demand
(lps)
Populati
on
Demand
2007 23068 26.45 8334 9.56 23882 27.38 55284 63.39
2009 24114 27.65 9445 10.83 24938 28.59 58497 67.07
2010 24785 28.42 9461 10.85 25561 29.31 59813 68.58
2011 24894 28.54 13223 15.16 28312 29.31 66429 73.01
2014 35013 40.14 14004 16.06 35827 41.08 84844 97.28
2017 35888 41.15 14354 16.46 36723 42.1 86965 99.71
2024 36688 42.06 19260 22.08 36883 42.29 92831 106.43

18. KATHMANDUUNIVERSITY
www.ku.edu.np
Dept.ofEnvironmentalScienceandEngineering,SchoolofScience
18
Objective 1: To analyze the hydrology focused on water supply &
demand for Kavre Valley Integrated Water Supply Project.
63.39
67.07 68.58
73.01
97.28 99.71
106.43
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
2007 2009 2010 2011 2014 2017 2024
Demandinlps
Year
Demand
Figure Showing Water Demand of KVIWSP

19. KATHMANDUUNIVERSITY
www.ku.edu.np
Dept.ofEnvironmentalScienceandEngineering,SchoolofScience
19
Measured Discharge in Different Dates
Source Name June
2007
March
2013
April
2014
March
2015
March
2016
April
2017
Muldole/
Roshi Khola
68 80 76 113 88 95
Sisha Khani 21 28 27 26 19 24
Baira
Mahadev
Kholsi
15 17 20 19 14 17
Gudgude
Kholsi
13 15 13 17 15 13
Khar Khola 18 20 24 20 23 18
Total 135 160 160 195 159 167
Objective 1: To analyze the hydrology focused on water supply &
demand for Kavre Valley Integrated Water Supply Project.

20. KATHMANDUUNIVERSITY
www.ku.edu.np
Dept.ofEnvironmentalScienceandEngineering,SchoolofScience
20
Objective 1: To analyze the hydrology focused on water supply &
demand for Kavre Valley Integrated Water Supply Project.
135
160 160
195
159
167
0
50
100
150
200
250
2007 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Dischargeinlps
Year
Discharge
Figure Showing Discharge in Roshi River

21. KATHMANDUUNIVERSITY
www.ku.edu.np
Dept.ofEnvironmentalScienceandEngineering,SchoolofScience
21
S.N Source Tapped
discharge
Water
required for
filter
backwashin
g
Water
available
to
service
areas
Remark
l/s l/s l/s
1 Muldol Khola 35.00
1.55
Proposed
From
KVIWSP
2 Shishakhani Khola 25.00
3 Bahira Mahadev Khola 7.50 76.18
4 Gudgude Khola 5.00
5 Khar Khola 5.23
Sub-Total 77.73 1.55 76.18
6 Dhaneswor System 3.00 0.02 2.98 Existing
7 Sashipani System 5.50 0.03 5.47 Existing
8 Dhulikhel System 16 0.12 15.88 Existing
9 Pasthali System 2.5 0.02 2.48 Existing
10 Panauti System 5.12 0.04 5.08 Existing
Sub-Total 32.12 0.23 31.89
Total 109.85 1.78 108.04
Objective 1: To analyze the hydrology focused on water supply &
demand for Kavre Valley Integrated Water Supply Project.
Sources and Tapped Discharge

22. KATHMANDUUNIVERSITY
www.ku.edu.np
Dept.ofEnvironmentalScienceandEngineering,SchoolofScience
22
KVIWSP
77.73 lps
Banepa
36.72
lps
Dhulikhel
35.26 lps
Panauti
37.76
lps
Dhanes
hwor
WS
Sashipani
WS
Dhulikhel
WS NWSC
Panauti
Pasthali
WS
Total
109.85
lps
28.22 lps
19.26 lps
30.14 lps
5.5 lps 3 lps
5.12
lps
16 lps 2.5 lps
Water Management of KVIWSP

23. KATHMANDUUNIVERSITY
www.ku.edu.np
Dept.ofEnvironmentalScienceandEngineering,SchoolofScience
23
Table Showing Supply & Demand
Objective 2: To examine the sufficiency of water sources to meet the
demand and impact on KVIWSP due to increased demand.
S.N. Year Water supply Water
demand
Surplus /
deficit
Lps Lps Lps
1 2007 108.04 63.39 44.65
2 2009 108.04 67.07 40.97
3 2010 108.04 68.58 39.46
4 2011 108.04 73.01 35.03
5 2013 108.04 74.67 33.37
6 2014 108.04 97.28 10.76
7 2015 108.04 98.04 10
8 2016 108.04 99.21 8.83
9 2017 108.04 99.71 8.30
10 2024 108.04 106.43 1.61

24. KATHMANDUUNIVERSITY
www.ku.edu.np
Dept.ofEnvironmentalScienceandEngineering,SchoolofScience
24
2007 2009 2010 2011 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2024
Supply from KVIWSP 77.73 77.73 77.73 77.73 77.73 77.73 77.73 77.73 77.73 77.73
Total Supply 108.04 108.04 108.04 108.04 108.04 108.04 108.04 108.04 108.04 108.04
Demand 63.39 67.07 68.58 73.01 74.67 97.28 98.04 99.21 99.71 106.43
Discharge 109.93 135 169 155 160 160 195 159 167
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200Flowinlps
Objective 3: To quantify the difference between supply and demand
for dry and wet season.

25. KATHMANDUUNIVERSITY
www.ku.edu.np
Dept.ofEnvironmentalScienceandEngineering,SchoolofScience
25
Conclusion
S.N. Objectives Conclusion
1. To analyze the hydrology focused on
water supply & demand for Kavre
Valley Integrated Water Supply
Project.
The discharge available from 5 different
sources of Roshi River is sufficient to
meet the demand of Kavre Valley for 24
hours supply till 2013. Hence existing
water supply systems should be
integrated with new system.
2. To examine the sufficiency of water
sources to meet the demand and
impact on KVIWSP due to
increased demand.
Integration of new system and existing
system is sufficient to meet the demand
of Kavre Valley for the design year
2024.
3. To quantify the difference between
supply and demand for dry and wet
season.
The discharge from the sources of dry
period are measured and they are
sufficient to meet the demand to till
2024 with the surplus supply of 1.61 lps

26. KATHMANDUUNIVERSITY
www.ku.edu.np
Dept.ofEnvironmentalScienceandEngineering,SchoolofScience
26
Recommendations
KVIWSP should has not included the industrial and institutional
demand hence it should be included to find out actual water
demand.
Existing systems should be added for efficient and reliable
supply of water.
KVIWSP should plan for alternative/additional sources to meet
the demand after design year 2024.

27. KATHMANDUUNIVERSITY
www.ku.edu.np
Dept.ofEnvironmentalScienceandEngineering,SchoolofScience
27
Acknowledgement
 Department of Environment Science and Engineering
 Kavre Valley Integrated Water Supply Project
 HELVETAS
 Supervisors – Dr. Nawaraj Khatiwada, Dr. Madhav Narayan
Shrestha and Dr. Daniel Nover
 Dr. Smriti Gurung and Mr. Sajjan Nuchhe Pradhan
 Family and friends

28. KATHMANDUUNIVERSITY
www.ku.edu.np
Dept.ofEnvironmentalScienceandEngineering,SchoolofScience
28
References
 Design Review Report of Kavre Valley Integrated Water Supply Project (2007)
 Gurmu, A. T.; Tolessa G. A. (2014), Surface Water Modeling Using SCS-CN
Model – Hydroinformatic Approach, European Academic Research Vol. II, Issue
8/November 2014
 Khatiwada, N. R.; Bista, K. R.; Kshetri, M. B., Kshetri; Rokka, Minakshi; Basyal I;
Assessing the implications of climate change risks in a community water supply
project
 Neupane, K. R.; Dahal, N.; Devkota, K.; Joshi, T.; Sustainability of a negotiated
agreement with upstream community for water: Case from Dhulikhel, Nepal,
South Asia Institute of Advance Studies
 Shrestha, M. N. (2004), Integrated Modeling on Water Resources Management,
Annual Journal of SOPHEN, Vol.1, 2004 No.1, pp. 26-30.
 Shrestha, M.N. (2004), Integrated Approach on Water Management,
International conference on Security and Sustainability in Water Resources
(SEEP), Kathmandu, Nepal 2004.
 Updated Environmental Management Plan Report of Kavre Valley Integrated
Water Supply Project (2014)
 Variation Order 1 Report of Kavre Valley Integrated Water Supply Project, 2015
 World Water Assessment Programme (2001), Water Security: A Preliminary
Assessment of Policy Progress since Rio.

29. KATHMANDUUNIVERSITY
www.ku.edu.np
Dept.ofEnvironmentalScienceandEngineering,SchoolofScience
29