With fossil fuel stores reducing, increasing fuel prices, and growing environmental concerns the demand for sustainable fuels and low carbon footprints has grown appreciably. This presentation talks about the hydrogen fuel cell concept and the technology behind the concept.

1. Hydrogen Fuel Cell
Technology
a seminar in the partial fulfilment for the award of the degree of Bachelor of
Technology
in
Mechanical Engineering
Submitted to: Submitted by:
Mr. Mahesh Jangid Ritesh yadav
HOD Dept. of Mechanical Engineering
RIET
RAJASTHAN INSTITUTE OF
ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
Approved by AICTE & Affiliated to Rajasthan Technical University, Kota.

2. Content:
 Fuel Cell
 Applications of Fuel Cells
 Hydrogen Fuel Cell
 FCEV
 Hydrogen Production
 Electrolyser
 Hydrogen fuel cell Vs Li-ion Battery
 Forward in the field of Hydrogen Fuel
 Conclusion

3. Fuel Cell:
 A fuel cell is an electrochemical cell that converts
the chemical energy of a fuel (often hydrogen) and
an oxidizing agent (often oxygen) into electricity.
 The most common type of fuel cell for vehicle
applications is the polymer electrolyte membrane
(PEM) fuel cell. In a PEM fuel cell, an electrolyte
membrane is sandwiched between a positive electrode
(cathode) and a negative electrode (anode).

4. Applications of Fuel Cell:
Stationary: -
• Residential
• Industrial
Transportation: -
• Electric Vehicles
• Fuel Cell Assisted IC Engine Vehicles
• Cruise Power Supply and Management System
Portable: -
• Portable Power Generators
• Electronics Power Bank
Fuel Cell Technology Development trend

5. Hydrogen Fuel Cell:
 Hydrogen fuel Cell works on the principle of
electrochemical cell that converts the chemical energy of
the fuel into electricity with the help of an electrically
conducting solution (electrolyte) that works as a catalyst.
 A fuel cell consists of two electrodes—a negative electrode
(anode) and a positive electrode (cathode)—sandwiched
around an electrolyte.
 Hydrogen, is fed to the anode, and air is fed to the cathode.
A catalyst at the anode separates hydrogen molecules into
protons and electrons, which take different paths to the
cathode.
 The electrons go through an external circuit, creating a flow
of electricity. The protons migrate through the electrolyte to
the cathode, where they unite with oxygen and the electrons
to produce water and heat.

6. • This is the end reaction at the cathode end due to the catalytic effect of electrolyte.
• Hydrogen ions having +1 oxidation state each form the covalent bond with oxygen
atoms having -2 oxidation state each, resulting in the end product as water and Heat.

7. FCEV : Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle

8. Hydrogen Production for Fuel Cell:
Steam-Methane Reforming-
1. A mature production process in which high-temperature steam (700°C–
1,000°C) is used to produce hydrogen from the methane source as
natural gas.
2. Methane reacts with steam under 3–25 bar pressure (1 bar = 14.5 psi) in
the presence of a catalyst to produce hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and a
relatively small amount of carbon dioxide.
CH4 + H2O (+ heat) → CO + 3H2
3. In a final process step called "pressure-swing adsorption," carbon
dioxide and other impurities are removed from the gas stream, leaving
essentially pure hydrogen.
4. Steam reforming can also be used to produce hydrogen from other fuels,
such as ethanol, propane, or even gasoline.

9. Electrolysis of Water:

10. Electrolyser:
High Cost due to
Platinum Electrodes
and Gold, Iridium
catalyst membrane
Low Cost due to
Silicon Electrodes and
a KOH electrolyte

11. Specific Energy of Hydrogen fuel vs Li-ion:
Specific Energy is the available
energy per unit mass

12. Efficiency of Hydrogen Fuel Cell over Battery:

13. Forwards in the field of Hydrogen Fuel:
Toyota Mirai 2020
Range: 500 kms Approx
Max Battery Power: 151 hp
Hydrogen Tank: 122.4 liters
Refueling time: 5 minutes
Max filling Press.: 87.5 Mpa

14. Nikola:
Estimated Range: 800-900 kms
Refuel time: 10-15 minutes
Vehicle wt.: 11 ton
Battery Capacity: 250 kWh
Single Speed Direct Drive Transmission

15. Development in the field of Electrolysers:
Harvard News

16. Conclusion:
• To curb the increasing air Pollution due to large emission of green house gases from Internal Combustion
transport vehicles we either require new alternative fuels which can lower the emission rate or we have to adapt
new renewable energy technologies to reduce the Carbon foot print.
• Hydrogen fuel can be the green fuel of future but this is not the case yet, the industrial grade hydrogen fuel is
mostly being generated today by using fossil fuel based methods such as Steam-Methane reforming and CCS-
Carbon Capture and Storage, which contributes a lot of carbon emission.
• Hydrogen fuel can be big revolution in transportation but for passenger vehicle we have not achieved enough
economic efficiency yet as the fuel cost of Li-ion battery powered vehicle is much lower than Hydrogen
powered ones.

17. References:
1. https://www.nasa.gov/centers/glenn/technology/fuel_cells.html -21 Oct 2020 9:15 AM
2. https://www.energy.gov/eere/fuelcells/fuel-cells (U.S. Department of Energy) -21 Oct 2020 9:45 AM
3. https://www.energy.gov/eere/fuelcells/hydrogen-fuel-basics (U.S. Dept. of Energy) -21 Oct 2020 10:00 AM
4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2014.01.012 -21 Oct 2020 10:30 AM
An overview of fuel cell technology: Fundamentals and applications
(ELSEVIER -Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews )
5. https://www.chiefscientist.gov.au/news-and-media/my-road-hydrogen (Australian Gov.) -21 Oct 2020 5:36 PM
6. https://news.stanford.edu/2019/03/18/new-way-generate-hydrogen-fuel-seawater/ (Stanford) -21 Oct 2020 5:50 PM
7. DOI:10.15680/IJIRSET.2017.0603059 -22 Oct 2020 7:50 PM
Production of Hydrogen Fuel from Waste Water Using Microbial Fuel Cell – A Review
8. https://tech.hyundaimotorgroup.com/article/all-about-fcev-what-powers-an-fcev/ -23 Oct 2020 5:00 PM
Hyundai Tech

18. Thank You