The global world is hungry for more energy continuously which has resulted to extra burden to both renewable and non-renewable energy resources. As we know that electrical appliances are increasing the demand of electricity is also increasing. And the time is not far away when we will not have sufficient electricity to run these appliances and water to generate electricity because declining of water level is also continuous day by day whereas the methods and power are limited. For that dark future this is a prototype device by which we can generate subsequent amount of electricity in output with continuous recycling of water having minimum water loss. By virtue of this concept field, of electricity generation will be boomed. The calculations in this concept are theoretical and may serve better on practical. The main motive of this concept is to generate electricity from water with hydraulic turbine and hydraulic ram pump (hydram) and mainly gravity. In which turbine will spin with hammering of water on row of blades, and hydraulic ram pump will accelerate the water pressure, without using any electrical or mechanical energy

1. Hydroelectricity generation by the recycling of water
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HYDROELECTRICITY GENERATION BY THE RECYCLING OF
WATER
Aditya Agrawal, Prof. (Dr.) M.P. Kaushik, Asst. prof. Shashank Gupta
B.Tech final year student, Amity School of Engineering and Technology Gwalior M.P.
Pro- Vice Chancellor, Amity University, Gwalior & Former Director and Outstanding
Scientist of DRDE (DRDO) Gwalior
Asst. Prof, Amity School of Engineering and Technology Gwalior M.P.
Email Id.: - agrawaladitya44@gmail.com
Abstract:-
The global world is hungry for more energy continuously which has resulted to extra burden
to both renewable and non-renewable energy resources. As we know that electrical appliances are increasing the
demand of electricity is also increasing. And the time is not far away when we will not have sufficient electricity
to run these appliances and water to generate electricity because declining of water level is also continuous day
by day whereas the methods and power are limited. For that dark future this is a prototype device by which we
can generate subsequent amount of electricity in output with continuous recycling of water having minimum
water loss. By virtue of this concept field, of electricity generation will be boomed. The calculations in this
concept are theoretical and may serve better on practical. The main motive of this concept is to generate
electricity from water with hydraulic turbine and hydraulic ram pump (hydram) and mainly gravity. In which
turbine will spin with hammering of water on row of blades, and hydraulic ram pump will accelerate the water
pressure, without using any electrical or mechanical energy.
Keywords- Turbine, Hydraulic ram pump, Electricity generation, Reservoir.
1. INTRODUCTION:-
This concept is used for generating electricity at low cost by virtue of
recycling of water. Hydroelectric power generation produce approximately 96% of
world’s recyclable energy. This is a single investment device for the generation of more
electricity from less water, as we see the current scenario of generating electricity is to
run the turbine without saving water. But as we are facing water crisis, this device will
play a great significant role to generate electricity from less water for future. If this
concept became possible the demand of electricity in the world will be fulfilled at low
cost. Here hydroelectricity will be generated by coming of water from high head reservoir
going to turbine and turbine will generate electricity. Then the hydraulic ram pump will
again pump the same water to the reservoir. This will form a rotation cycle of water. In
which there will be no space for water to flow out. That’s the reason why water will not
be wasted. Some alike research is previously done in Jomo Kenyatta University of
Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya but it not for recycling of water and in
Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria but they are
using different pumps for the generation of electricity.
1.1 Hydraulic Turbine:-
A hydraulic turbine is a spinning device which converts hydraulic energy
(kinetic and potential energy) to electrical energy through mechanical energy. In a turbine
water is applied on row of blades situated inside the turbine. The force of water start
spinning the row of blades. The blades start converting hydraulic energy into mechanical
energy and then by generator mechanical energy will converted into electrical energy. Its
size will differ according to need. This will be of many type it may be Francis or
propeller, Turgo impulse wheel. For better result in this device we can use lucent pipe
turbine, in which there are many blades as well as generators to generate more electricity
from less water.

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Fig:-1.1 Hydraulic Turbine.
(Refers to www.hydrogenappliances.com/hydro.html)
Description of parts:-
1. Penstock 5. Blades
2. Nozzle 6. Shaft
3. Casing 7. Water hammering effect
4. Sealing 8. Water outlet
1.2 Hydraulic Ram Pump:-
Hydraulic ram pump is a natural source pump which accelerates the water
pressure by natural means (without using electrical as well as mechanical energy). This
pump is developed in 1700’s. Then changes done periodically and it became better. It
works on the principle of hydraulic ram which is created in the pump by water. The inlet
of this hydraulic ram pump will be minimum 6ft. high. By which pressure is created
inside air tank by virtue of water. The water will come with some pressure inside then the
air inside the air chamber will push the water with air pressure then sum of air and water
pressure and gravitational force will work combined and lift the water with high pressure.
Here I want to make some improvements in hydraulic ram pump by
changing technique of waste valve. And increase the water input pressure by increasing
the diameter of inlet of pipe and increasing the height of input of water. By this there will
be negligible water loss.
Fig 1.2 hydraulic ram pump
(Refers to Home-made Hydraulic Ram Pump by Clemson University)

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Description of parts:-
1. Valve 10. Pipe cock
2. Tee 11. 100 psi gauge
3. Union 12. Nipple
4. Brass swing check valve 13. Bushing
5. Spring check valve 14. Coupling
6. Tee 15. PR160 PVC pipe
7. Valve 16. Glue cap
8. Union 17. Bushing
9. Bushing
2. Description :-
By this prototype device we will be able to generate electricity without any
amount of water loss. The prototype will generate electricity by recycling the water
until it will evaporate by sun. The device will save environment resources. As we see
in reservoirs water comes to hydraulic turbine and then it will be flowed out. But by
this we can save water at least 50% in case of failure of expectations and if it will
satisfy the expectations it will save approximately 90% of water which flows out from
turbine. This device is made up by combining turbine and hydraulic ram pump. This
concept starts by a water reservoir then it will connect to a turbine through pipe after
that the water will go to another reservoir with a pipe. The second reservoir will
connect to hydraulic ram pump then the hydraulic ram pump to the first reservoir with
the help of pipes. (See fig 3) Thus the cyclic process will go on and on.
3. Properties of device:-
Properties of turbine:-
1. It works on principle of converting form of energy. It converts hydraulic
energy into electrical energy. By help of generator.
2. It has a water wheel onto which the water will hammered.
3. It has a casing by which water will not flow out.
4. It has a penstock which reduces the inlet diameter by which force of
application of water will be increased.
5. A turbine can be used to generate electricity with generator or dc motor.
6. It is mainly to rotate the shaft.
Properties of Hydraulic Ram Pump:-
1. It works on the principle of hydraulic ram.
2. It has an air chamber which applies force on water by which water pressure
will be increased.
3. It works without electrical as well as mechanical energy.
4. It waste water from waste valve. (If we make corrections there will be
negligible water loss).
5. The water from outlet will be half of inlet to generate more pressure.
6. In case of much water the waste valve will flow the water out.

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4. Procedure:-
4.1 In this prototype device we use a small reservoir (water tank) at an elevation head
and make a pipe supply to the turbine.
4.2 The water come to turbine through pipe by using reducer penstock pressure will be
increased.
4.3 There the water will hammer the row of blades and blades start rotating, water will
come from out let of hydraulic turbine.
4.4 Water running out from turbine will flow out to a less elevation head reservoir.
4.5 Then the water from less head reservoir will pass through the hydraulic ram pump.
4.6 The hydraulic ram pump will accelerate the water pressure and pump it back to the
high head reservoir.
4.7 At this point water may be wasted by waste valve. On improving waste valve water
may not waste and there will be less wastage of water.
4.8 And the cycle goes on until water will evaporate from sun. If at least 50% water
from a hydroelectric power plant is saved then it will be good sign for future.
5. Extra input:-
If the height of tank no. 2 is increased by 7.5 ft. from 6 ft. and the diameter of pipe at
inlet of the ram pump then loss of water will be approximately 10% as per theoretical
calculations. And if then after there are water losses then we can provide a casing at
the waste valve which is open at top and its one end will go to the tank no. 2 so that all
the waste water will go to tank no.2 and there will be no water loss.
The device will look like.
(Fig: - 3 Hydro Ram Electric Device)

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6. Calculations :-
The calculations shown are theoretical and may serve better on
practical. These are done either on turbine or on hydraulic ram pump (never done by
joining both)
(a) The formulas for calculating the results of turbine are as follows.
1. Ph =Q*H* g *r ……..(1)
2. The electrical power is obtained as: Pe = Ph *h =Q*H* g *r*h ……..(2)
Where,
Ph and Pe are the theoretical hydraulic and electrical power outputs
respectively in W, Q is usable flow rate In m3/s, H is net head in m, g is gravitational
constant (9.81m/s2), η is efficiency factor (turbine and generator, 0.5 – 0.7), and ρ is
density of water (1.0 kg/m3). Once Q and H in equations (1) and (2) are kept constant
at their developed values relative to design constraints, this will calculate the amount
of generated electricity.
(b) The formulas for calculating the results of hydraulic ram pump are as follows.
Q=1440*S*F*E
L
Where
Q is the amount delivered in gallons per day (gpd); S is the source flow rate
through the drive pipe in gallons per Minute (gpm); F is the fall or height of the
source above the ram in meters; E is the efficiency of the ram (for commercial Models
use 0.6); L is the vertical elevation lift from the pump to the point of use above the
ram in meters (m).
7. Conclusion :-
According to experiment done in Clemson University on ram pump. The
theoretical result for hydraulic ram pump are as follows.

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Table 1 Theoritical calculation of hydraulic ram pump
It means it has approximately 90% of water loss. But according to calculation
if pressure of water input is increased then there will be only 10% of water loss. Here we can
increase input pressure by increasing the head and diameter of pipe input.And the output of
hydraulic ram pump will be the input for turbine.it can vary to all because it always depend
on the size of hydraulic ram pump. By virtue of that water outlet will be equal otherwise the
result will fail because turbine is flowing much water but the pump is recycling less water. So
it will be necessary to be the water in equlibrium.
REFRENCE
1. Home-made Hydraulic Ram Pump by Clemson University.
2. Image of Turgo impulse wheel by www.hydrogenappliances.com/hydro.html
3. C. A. NWOSU & T. C. MADUEME 2013 “Recycled Micro Hydropower Generation
using Hydraulic Ram Pump Hydram” International Journal of Research in
Engineering & Technology University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria. Vol. 1, Issue 3,
4. Technical Notes U.S. Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation
Service Portland, Oregon SEPTEMBER 2007
5. O. B. Nganga1, G. N. Nyakoe1, W. Kabecha1 and N. O. Abungu1 Jomo “An
Experimental Prototype For Low Head Small Hydro Power Generation Using
Hydram” Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya.
6. R. k. Bansal “fluid mechanics and hydraulic machines” 9th
ed. Laxmi publications.
2010.
7. Abiy, A. T. (2000). Hydraulic ram pumps system design and application. In ESME
5th Annual Conference on Manufacturing and Process Industry, Research,
Development and Technology Adaptation Center, Addis Ababa.
8. Jeffery, T. D., Thomas T. H., Smith, A. V., Glover, P. B., Fountain, P. D. (1992).
'Hydraulic Ram Pumps: A guide to ram pump water supply systems' – ITDG
Publishing.
9. HERPA, 2008: Strategic study for development of small hydropower in the European
Union. SHERPA (Small Hydropower Energy Efficiency Campaign Action).