Basics of Heating Ventilation & Air Conditioning and Refrigeration, Various types of HVAC systems, Career opportunities and study material for learning HVACR
I will describe those things in this PPT
Introduction
Principles of air-conditioning,
Type of-of air-conditioning,
Cooling cycle / refrigeration cycle,
The coolant,
thanks
A cooling tower is a heat rejection device which extracts waste heat to the atmosphere through the cooling of a water stream to a lower temperature.
A cooling tower is a heat rejection device which extracts waste heat to the atmosphere through the cooling of a water stream to a lower temperature. Cooling towers may either use the evaporation of water to remove process heat and cool the working fluid to near the wet-bulb air temperature or, in the case of closed circuit dry cooling towers, rely solely on air to cool the working fluid to near the dry-bulb air temperature.
Common applications include cooling the circulating water used in oil refineries, petrochemical and other chemical plants, thermal power stations and HVAC systems for cooling buildings. The classification is based on the type of air induction into the tower: the main types of cooling towers are natural draft and induced draft cooling towers.
Cooling towers vary in size from small roof-top units to very large hyperboloid structures (as in the adjacent image) that can be up to 200 metres (660 ft) tall and 100 metres (330 ft) in diameter, or rectangular structures that can be over 40 metres (130 ft) tall and 80 metres (260 ft) long. The hyperboloid cooling towers are often associated with nuclear power plants,[1] although they are also used to some extent in some large chemical and other industrial plants. Although these large towers are very prominent, the vast majority of cooling towers are much smaller, including many units installed on or near buildings to discharge heat from air conditioning.
All the technical aspects discussed will be limited to the design, application, methods for operating and control, and services of HVAC systems in the Central Utility Complex (CUC). The HVAC systems at Bahrain Airport are limited to Cooling and Air Handling Unit (AHU).
I will describe those things in this PPT
Introduction
Principles of air-conditioning,
Type of-of air-conditioning,
Cooling cycle / refrigeration cycle,
The coolant,
thanks
A cooling tower is a heat rejection device which extracts waste heat to the atmosphere through the cooling of a water stream to a lower temperature.
A cooling tower is a heat rejection device which extracts waste heat to the atmosphere through the cooling of a water stream to a lower temperature. Cooling towers may either use the evaporation of water to remove process heat and cool the working fluid to near the wet-bulb air temperature or, in the case of closed circuit dry cooling towers, rely solely on air to cool the working fluid to near the dry-bulb air temperature.
Common applications include cooling the circulating water used in oil refineries, petrochemical and other chemical plants, thermal power stations and HVAC systems for cooling buildings. The classification is based on the type of air induction into the tower: the main types of cooling towers are natural draft and induced draft cooling towers.
Cooling towers vary in size from small roof-top units to very large hyperboloid structures (as in the adjacent image) that can be up to 200 metres (660 ft) tall and 100 metres (330 ft) in diameter, or rectangular structures that can be over 40 metres (130 ft) tall and 80 metres (260 ft) long. The hyperboloid cooling towers are often associated with nuclear power plants,[1] although they are also used to some extent in some large chemical and other industrial plants. Although these large towers are very prominent, the vast majority of cooling towers are much smaller, including many units installed on or near buildings to discharge heat from air conditioning.
All the technical aspects discussed will be limited to the design, application, methods for operating and control, and services of HVAC systems in the Central Utility Complex (CUC). The HVAC systems at Bahrain Airport are limited to Cooling and Air Handling Unit (AHU).
Air conditioning participles, air conditioning systems, heat pumps and heat recovery devices, health considerations and AC related illnesses.
Intruder alarms and lightning protection units
This a HVAC presentation for Air Conditioning systems giving a description of the systems and their types including the case study in Calicut city, It also includes bylaws required for air conditioning design
Air Conditioning - The Complete Guide For Home Owners by HVAC.comWill Housh
HVAC.com presents a definitive guide to air conditioning - history, how does it work, major air conditioner components, explanation of the refrigeration cycle, description of the various types of air conditioners, helpful tips on buying a new air conditioning system, and a maintenance guide to keep your air conditioning system running in good condition.
Introduction to hvac system, types of efficient hvac system and how it works. design recommendation for installation of hvac. air handling unit concept. case study.
An AC system is not only cools the room, that system do many things to make our life comfortable. It removes dust and dirt and fill with fresh air
Air condition system makes our life very comfortable.
We can protect hot or cold weather by air conditioning system
A Compact Remote Switching With Efficient Monitoring For AC PlantsIJRST Journal
Remote monitoring has been implemented in many areas. This paper
introduces its specific application to air-conditioning plant control and
monitoring using PIC Microcontroller. Remote monitoring and intelligent
maintenance is one of the most important criteria for maximizing production
and process plant availability. Initially switching and monitoring were done
through manually and the control switches and level monitoring unit were
placed at separate places. Due to this, we cannot monitor all units at a time. In
our proposed system, remote switching and monitoring is done in the control
room itself. Majority of industries use distributed control system for high
reliability, improve response time, improved operator interface to plant,
improved accessibility of plant data.
Similar to Intro and career opportunities in HVACR (20)
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
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Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
3. CONTENT -
Introduction to HVAC/R Systems
Functions of HVAC
Basic Refrigeration Cycle
Types of HVAC Systems
Applications of HVAC/R
Career Opportunities & Growth
Study References & Resources
4. WHAT IS HVAC/R?
H - Heating
V – Ventilation
AC – Air Conditioning
R – Refrigeration
5. Heating
Is the process of generating heat used to worm the
space air.
Heating is achieved via -
Boiler
Furnace
Electricity
Heat pump
Heating is required to maintain the desired
temperature in colder climatic conditions.
6. Ventilation
Ventilation is the process of changing or
replacing air in any space/building.
It required to remove any combination
of moisture, odors, smoke, heat, dust,
airborne bacteria, carbon dioxide and
to replenish oxygen.
Ventilation includes both the exchange
of air with the outside air as well as
circulation of air within the space.
Two types – Natural ventilation &
Mechanical/forced ventilation.
7. Air Conditioning
It is process of maintaining constant indoor air
parameters like temperature, humidity and movement
for human comfort.
It also works to remove dirt & dust from the air, which
feels us more comfortable at work or home.
Dry Bulb Temp. = 24.4 °C
Relative Humidity = 50 %
8. Refrigeration
It is the process of lowering the temperature of a
substance less than that of its surroundings.
11. Types of Air Conditioning Systems
Air Conditioning
Non-Ductable
Window A/C
Split A/C
Floor
Mounted
Wall
Mounted
Ceiling
Mounted
Ductable
Packaged
A/C
Air Cooled
Water
Cooled
Central A/C
Dx system
Chilled Water
System
12. Conti…
1. Window A/C
2. Split A/C
3. Package A/C
4. VRV/VRF A/C
5. Central Air Conditioning system
13. Window A/C
These are one of the most commonly used and
cheapest type of air conditioners.
To install these units, you need the space simply in
a window or a slot in the wall.
Window air-conditioner units are reliable and
simple-to-install solution to keep a room cool.
Better yet, when the summer heat dies down, these
units can be easily removed for storage, and we
can use the window for other purpose.
14.
15. Split A/C
The split air conditioner comprises of two parts:
1. Outdoor unit
2. Indoor unit
The outdoor unit, fitted outside the room, houses. It consists
components like the compressor, condenser and expansion
valve.
The indoor unit comprises the evaporator or cooling coil and
the cooling fan. For this unit you don‟t have to make any slot in
the wall of the room.
Further, the present day split units have aesthetic looks and
add to the beauty of the room.
17. Package A/C
The window and split a/c‟s are usually used for the
small air conditioning capacities up to 5 tons.
The central air conditioning systems are used for
where the cooling loads extend beyond 20 tons.
The packaged air conditioners are used for the
cooling capacities in between these two extremes.
The packaged air conditioners are available in the
fixed rated capacities of 3,5, 7, 10 and 15 tons.
These units are used commonly in places like
restaurants, telephone exchanges, homes, small halls,
etc.
18.
19. VRV/VRF A/C
VRV/VRF stands for “Variable Refrigerant
Volume/ Variable Refrigerant Flow”.
This technology is invented by a Japanese company
named „Daikin‟ in 1982. Hence the name “VRV” is
trademark of Daikin, so other company are calling
this technology as “VRF”.
Both the things are same but only their name is
different.
20. Conti…..
In a VRV/VRF system, multiple indoor fan coil units
are connected to one single outdoor condensing unit.
In this technology cooling/heating is adjusted by
adjusting refrigerant flow and which is achieved by
changing the speed of compressor.
This system is equipped with enhanced features like
Inverter drive compressor, Pulse modulating
electronic expansion valves and distributed controls.
Front running Air conditioning companies in INDIA are
– Daikin, Blue Star, Voltas, LG, Samsung, Mistubishi
& Carrier(Toshiba & Midea).
22. Cooling Only Systems
Those systems can used only for cooling purpose.
Heating is not available is such system.
23. Heat Pump Systems
In this systems heating & cooling both possible in all of the
indoor units but not simultaneously. All the indoor units can either
heat or cool at a time.
When the indoor units are in the cooling mode, they act as
evaporators; when they are in the heating mode, they act as
condensers.
These are also know as Two-pipe systems.
24. Heat Recovery Systems
In this type of system cooling and heating both
possible at the same time.
This is also called as Three pipe system.
25. Central A/C Systems
Central air conditioning systems are used when
large buildings, Hotels, airports, Shopping malls etc.
are to be air conditioned completely.
The air is directly circulated
over cooling coil which consist
of low temp refrigerant
The air is circulated over a
coil which consist of chilled
water or brine(i.e. Secondary
Refrigerant)
1. Direct Expansion
(DX) System
2. Chilled Water
System
26. The Five System Loops
Air Side
Chilled Water
Refrigeration
Heat Rejection
Control