The document provides an overview of HVAC and refrigeration systems, detailing basic components, functions, and different air conditioning configurations. It explains the principles of heat transfer, types of air conditioning systems, and their applications in various environments. The goals of HVAC systems include maintaining comfort, ensuring good air quality, and promoting energy efficiency while addressing environmental concerns.

1. By Tushar Mistry
B.E. Mechanical

2. H – Heating
V – Ventilating
A – Air
C - Conditioning

3. What are we Going to Learn?
 Basics of refrigeration & HVAC
 Working cycles of HVAC
 Components of HVAC
 Functions of HVAC components
 Study Of Compressor & Condenser
 Study of Evaporator & Refrigerants
 Refrigerant handling and replacement
 Inspection & Breakdown Maintenance
 Malls, Hotel, Multiplex, Inspection & Breakdown
Maintenance

4. What is the purpose of HVAC ?
It conditions the air, transports it, and introduces it to
the conditioned space. It provides heating and cooling
from its central plant . It also controls and maintains
the temperature, humidity, air movement, air
cleanliness, sound level, and pressure differential in a
space within predetermined limits for the comfort and
health of the occupants of the conditioned space or for
the purpose of product processing.

5. What is TR?
 1 TR is amount of heat required to melt one
metric ton of ice in 24 hours.
 1 TR (Ton of Refrigeration) = 12000 BTU / hr
 1 TR (Ton of Refrigeration) = 3024 Kcal / hr
 1 TR (Ton of Refrigeration) = 3.51 KW

6. H - Heating
 Heat is a form of energy
 Molecules in motion
 Flows from a substance with more heat to one with less
heat
 Unit = Joule (J)
 W = J/S = N.M/S

7. Sensible Heat & latent Heat
 Sensible Heat
If heat added or removed from substance , it changes it
temperature then its called as sensible heat.
 Latent Heat
If heat is added or removed it changes the state of
substance then its called as latent heat.

9. Heat Transfer Modes
Conduction
Convection
Radiation

10.  Specific Heat
Amount of heat required to change a unit mass of
substance by one degree temperature.
 Saturation Temperature
Temperature for corresponding saturation pressure at
which the liquid boils into its vapour phase.
 Enthalpy
Total heat content of the system

11. V - Ventilation

12. A – Air
C - Conditioning
An air conditioning, or HVAC, system is composed of
components and equipment arranged in sequence to
condition the air, to transport it to the conditioned
space, and to control the indoor environmental
parameters of a specific space within required limits.

13. Basic Refrigeration Cycle

14. Classification of Air Conditioning
System
 According to Application
1) Comfort Air Conditioning Systems
2) Process Air Conditioning Systems
 According to Construction & Operating
Characteristics

15. HVAC
systems
Floor MountedPackage
AirCondition
Package Air
Conditioning
Ceiling Mounted Package
AirConditioning
Ductable
AC
Direct ExpansionSystem
Central Air
Conditioning
IndirectExpansion
System
Non Ductable
AC
Split Air
Condition
Cascade Split AC
(Ceiling Mounted)
Floor MountedSplit
AC
Wall Mounted SplitAC
WindowAir
Condition
15

16. Windows Air Conditioning System
 Window air conditioners are one of the most commonly used
and cheapest type of air conditioners.
 To install one of these units, you need the space to make a slot in
the wall, and there should also be some open space behind the wall.
 Window air-conditioner units are reliable and simple-to-install
solution to keep a room cool while avoiding the costly construction of
a central air system.
 Better yet, when the summer heat dies down, these units can be
easily removed for storage, and you can use the window sill for other
purpose

18. Split Air-Conditioning System
The split air conditioner comprises of two parts: the
outdoorunitand the indoorunit
 The outdoor unit, fitted outside theroom, houses
components like the compressor, condenser and
expansionvalve.
 The indoor unit comprises the evaporator or cooling coil
and the cooling fan. For thisunit you don’t haveto make
anyslot in thewall of theroom.
 Further, the present day split units have aesthetic looks and
add to the beauty of the room. Thesplitairconditionercan
be used to cool one or tworooms

20. Central AC System
 Thecentral airconditioning plantsor thesystemsare
used when large buildings, hotels, theaters, airports,
shopping malls etc. are to be air conditioned completely.
 Thewindowand splitairconditioners are used for
single rooms orsmall officespaces.
 If the whole building is to be cooled it is not
economicallyviable toputwindow orsplitair
conditioner in each and everyroom.
 Further, thesesmall unitscannot satisfactorilycool the
large halls, auditoriums, receptions areasetc.

22.  Air System (AHU)
 Water System
 Central Plant
 Control System

24. Packaged AC System
 The window and split air conditioners are usually used forthe
small airconditioning capacitiesup to 5 tons.
 Thecentral airconditioning systemsareused for where the
cooling loads extend beyond 20tons.
 The packaged air conditioners are used for the cooling
capacities in between these twoextremes.
 The packaged airconditionersareavailable in the fixed rated
capacities of 3,5, 7, 10 and 15tons.
 These units are used commonly in places like restaurants,
telephone exchanges, homes,small halls, etc.

26. POTENTIALS AND CHALLENGES
 Providing a Healthy and Comfortable Indoor
Environment
 The Cleanest, Quietest, and Most Precise and Humid
Processing Environment
 Energy Use and Energy Efficiency
 Environmental Problems—CFCs and Global Warming

27. Goals of HVAC System
 Effectively control indoor environmental parameters,
usually to keep temperature and humidity within required
limits.
 Provide an adequate amount of outdoor ventilation air and
an acceptable indoor air quality.
 Use energy-efficient equipment and HVAC&R systems.
 Minimize ozone depletion and the global warming effect.
 Select cost-effective components and systems.
 Ensure proper maintenance, easy after-hour access, and
necessary fire protection and smoke control systems.

30. THANK YOU