HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is a virus that attacks the body's immune system. If HIV is not treated, it can lead to AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). There is currently no effective cure.
This ppt is a introduction to HIV. covered from microbiological aspect. Timeline of HIV described in brief. Good pictures are included
structure of HIV described in depth.
epidemiology discussed with maps
3. • What is HIV?
A virus spread through body fluids and affects
specific cells of the immune system, called CD4
cells or T cells.
A virus that distroys the CD4 cells (T cells) and
damaging the immune system.
4. • HIV belongs to –Family:- Retroviridae
Subfamily: orthoretrovirinae
Genus:- Lentivirus
• Two viruses cause human AIDS HIV 1 & HIV 2
5.
6. • Occurs in the late stages of the HIV
infection process.
(AIDS) is a chronic, potentially life-threatening
condition caused by the human immunodeficiency
virus (HIV)
7. • Positive HIV Test
+
• Very low CD4 count (<200)
OR
• presence of specific cancers or opportunistic
infections
=
AIDS
Normal
CD4
500-
1500cell
s/mm3
8. Late 19th century
1981
Rare cancer in 41
homosexuals:(Gay-
Related Immune
Deficiency (GRID)
New York times
reported a mysterious
illness
1982
The disease is
renamed
Acquired
Immune
Deficiency
Syndrome
(AIDS)
1983
Women can
become
infected with
AIDS
SIV
9. 1987
first anti-
retroviral
drug, AZT
1988
first World AIDS
Day
1999
WHO:33 million
people were
living with
HIV& 14million
people died
2011
First cured
patient
1986
International
Committee on
Virus
Nomenclature-
HIV
First case in
India
DR.Suniti
Solomen
Dr. Sellapan
Nirmala
14. Replication : takes place in the
cytoplasm of the infected host cell
and release of progeny virus is by
budding from the cell membrane
of the infected host cell.
“H” stands for human. HIV is a retrovirus meaning it cannot reproduce outside of the human body. To cause infection, HIV must be able to reproduce and survive in a human host.
“I” is for Immunodeficiency which refers to an unhealthy immune system. The immune system is the body’s natural defense against infections and diseases.
“V” is for virus. A disease or condition caused by a virus. The common cold and flu are examples of virus. All virus can be treated, but there is no cure. So, HIV does not go away. The CD4+T cells carry out multiple functions, ranging from activation of the cells of the innate immune system, B-lymphocytes, cytotoxic T cells, as well as nonimmune cells, and also play critical role in the suppression of immune reaction.
HIV 1 WORLDWISE
TIME TO AIDS HIV1 7-10 YRS HIV 2 10-25 YEARS
PERINATAL TRANSMISSION 15- 45% HIV 0-5%
Hiv 2 hetero sexual transmission 3-6 fold lower
A” is Acquired. HIV does not run in families like diabetes and heart disease (not hereditary). Outside of perinatal (mother to baby) transmission, HIV has enter the body through some external method.
“I’ is Immuno and represents the body’s immune system that works to protect the body from infection.
“D” is Deficiency and refers to a defect in the immune system causing it to not function properly.
“S” is Syndrome and is a group of signs and symptoms that occur together and characterize a particular abnormality or condition.
HIV infection in humans came from a type of chimpanzee in Central Africa. Studies show that HIV may have jumped from chimpanzees to humans as far back as the late 1800s.
The chimpanzee version of the virus is called simian immunodeficiency virus. It was probably passed to humans when humans hunted these chimpanzees for meat and came in contact with their infected blood.
Over decades, HIV slowly spread across Africa and later into other parts of the world. The virus has existed in the United States since at least the mid to late 1970
HIV can be passed from mother to child through breast-feeding
Thimothy brown
The virus core surrounded by nucleocapsid composed of protein
Lipo protein envelope lipid derived from host cell membrane and gp which are virus coded
Gag proteins of HIV-1 are central players in virus particle assembly, release, and maturation, and also function in the establishment of a productive infection
critical for the synthesis and integration of viral DNA into the host genome and the generation of capsid proteins.
These body fluids (blood, rectal fluids, vaginal fluids, semen, breast milk) must come into contact with a mucus membrane or damaged tissue or be directly injected into your bloodstream (by a needle or syringe) for transmission to possibly occur.
