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Human errors
This document discusses human errors, how to identify and reduce them. It defines human error as an inappropriate decision or behavior that reduces system effectiveness, safety or performance. It notes that errors can be due to individual factors as well as external factors like equipment design or procedures. There are three types of errors - skill-based from routine tasks, rule-based from familiar situations, and knowledge-based from unique situations. The document recommends reducing errors through better recruitment, training, design of equipment/procedures, and feedback systems to continuously improve performance.
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Human errors
- 1. Human Errors How toIdentify and reduce them
- 3. Human Factors &Errors Key objectives of HF is to design systems that ◦ people can use ◦ increase efficiency and performance ◦ minimize the risks of errors Will define and consider the nature of error Consider the implications for systems design
- 4. Definition of HumanError …is an inappropriate or undesirable human decision or behavior that reduces or has the potential for reducing the ◦ effectiveness ◦ safety ◦ system performance
- 5. Human error 1stblame only the individual 2nd identify other factors. E.g.:- ◦ badly designed or faulty equipment ◦ poor management practices ◦ inaccurate or incomplete procedures ◦ inadequate or inappropriate training
- 6. Error Classification Skillbased ◦ controlled by sub-conscious behavior and stored patterns of behavior ◦ errors usually errors of execution Rule based ◦ applies to familiar situations - stored rules are applied ◦ errors involve recognizing the salient features of the situation Knowledge based - occur in unique & unfamiliar situations ◦ errors result from inadequate analysis or decision making
- 7. Conclusions of HumanErrors Factors are broad & encompass most factors found in other models Their model includes and emphasizes ◦ management social and psychological factors Human factors variables are recognized in the categories ◦ physical environment ◦ equipment design ◦ work itself (refer to model diagram in exercise book)
- 8. How to ReduceHuman Errors? Human error is inevitable Consequences and likelihood can be reduced by:- ◦ better recruitment & selection ◦ training ◦ better design of equipment procedures & work environment
- 9. Reducing Accidents ApplyHF principles to the processes Provide procedural checklists Provide training Provide appropriate & meaningful feedback Establish effective employees feedback system Eliminate/reduce risk through design
- 10. New Employees Hiring& Training Ensure the hiring policy is attracting the employees with relevant experience and skills to perform the tasks ◦ Provide the new hire with training and resources to enable employees to perform the required tasks effectively and efficiently ◦ Qualify the newly hired employees training to ensure that employees can assume and execute their new job
- 11. Improve the Performance Provide effective On the Job Training Establish robust Standard Operating Procedures to eliminate or reduce the following errors ◦ Errors of omission - forget to do something ◦ Errors of commission - doing the task incorrectly ◦ Sequence errors - out of order ◦ Timing errors - too slow - too fast - too late
- 12. How to Establisha Robust SOP Review that the current processes to ensure ◦ Adequate Procedures are available for all Major and minor manufacturing and testing processes ◦ Procedure has clearly stated the process requirements and the personnel responsibilities to complete the tasks ◦ Clear instruction on how to complete the required process tasks Accurately Sequentially Timely ◦ If the timing is critical, establish a realistic timeline requirements and provide adequate resources to execute the tasks on time
- 13. Monitor the Performance Classify the source of occurrence as follows: ◦ Required action is NOT performed or is performed incorrectly. ◦ Undesired action is exercised. ◦ Information essential for performing the action is misinterpreted. ◦ Mistake occurs due to complexity.
- 14. Fix the Problem Evaluate the errors according to the following criteria ◦ Frequency ◦ Safety ◦ Criticality and consequences Select the most effective solution(s) Implement the Corrective Actions to reduce the error sources Monitor the effectiveness of the solutions