1. The document provides information on HTML including definitions of key terms like HTML, URL, and browser. It also covers topics such as creating basic HTML documents, using headings, paragraphs, breaks, and horizontal rules.
2. The document discusses how to format text using bold, italics, underline, and color. It also covers inserting special characters and symbols.
3. The document describes how to create different types of lists like unordered lists, ordered lists, and defined lists as well as nesting lists.
The document discusses the three main technologies used to build user interfaces: HTML for structure, CSS for presentation, and JavaScript for behavior. It emphasizes that each technology should only be used for its intended purpose to improve accessibility, portability, maintainability, and performance. HTML provides structure using tags, CSS handles styling and layout with rules, and JavaScript adds interactive behaviors. The document then goes into more detail about each technology and their various components.
This document provides an introduction to HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) and basic HTML tags for formatting text and adding images to web pages. It discusses how HTML uses markup tags to structure and present content in a web browser. It describes common text formatting tags, font tags, image tags, and other basic tags for headings, paragraphs, line breaks, hyperlinks and more. The document contains examples of HTML code using these tags and the resulting web page output.
This document provides an outline and introduction to HTML elements and tags. It discusses the basic structure of an HTML page and defines key elements like headings, paragraphs, links, images, lists, forms and more. Each element is explained with examples to demonstrate how they are used to structure content and apply semantics and formatting to a web page. The document establishes that HTML elements tell the browser how to display content on a page and are composed of opening and closing tags.
The document provides information on various HTML tags used for formatting text and content in a web page. It describes tags for headings, paragraphs, lists, physical styles, phrase formatting, block-level formatting, and text-level formatting. Examples are given showing how to use tags like <h1>, <p>, <ul>, <b>, <pre>, and <font> within HTML code.
This document provides an introduction to HTML 5, including:
- A timeline of web technologies from 1991 to 2009 and the introduction of HTML 5.
- An overview of the new structural elements in HTML 5 like <header>, <nav>, <article>, <section>, <main>, <aside>, and <footer>.
- Descriptions of other new elements in HTML 5 like <video>, <audio>, <canvas>, and changes to existing form controls.
This document provides an introduction to HTML. It defines key terms like HTML, URL, and browser. It explains that HTML is the language used to create web pages and is made up of tags enclosed in angle brackets. It discusses the basic structure of an HTML document using tags like <html>, <head>, <title>, and <body>. It also describes common text formatting tags and elements used in HTML like headings, paragraphs, line breaks, and bold/italic text. The document is intended as a beginner overview of HTML concepts and syntax.
The document discusses the three main technologies used to build user interfaces: HTML for structure, CSS for presentation, and JavaScript for behavior. It emphasizes that each technology should only be used for its intended purpose to improve accessibility, portability, maintainability, and performance. HTML provides structure using tags, CSS handles styling and layout with rules, and JavaScript adds interactive behaviors. The document then goes into more detail about each technology and their various components.
This document provides an introduction to HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) and basic HTML tags for formatting text and adding images to web pages. It discusses how HTML uses markup tags to structure and present content in a web browser. It describes common text formatting tags, font tags, image tags, and other basic tags for headings, paragraphs, line breaks, hyperlinks and more. The document contains examples of HTML code using these tags and the resulting web page output.
This document provides an outline and introduction to HTML elements and tags. It discusses the basic structure of an HTML page and defines key elements like headings, paragraphs, links, images, lists, forms and more. Each element is explained with examples to demonstrate how they are used to structure content and apply semantics and formatting to a web page. The document establishes that HTML elements tell the browser how to display content on a page and are composed of opening and closing tags.
The document provides information on various HTML tags used for formatting text and content in a web page. It describes tags for headings, paragraphs, lists, physical styles, phrase formatting, block-level formatting, and text-level formatting. Examples are given showing how to use tags like <h1>, <p>, <ul>, <b>, <pre>, and <font> within HTML code.
This document provides an introduction to HTML 5, including:
- A timeline of web technologies from 1991 to 2009 and the introduction of HTML 5.
- An overview of the new structural elements in HTML 5 like <header>, <nav>, <article>, <section>, <main>, <aside>, and <footer>.
- Descriptions of other new elements in HTML 5 like <video>, <audio>, <canvas>, and changes to existing form controls.
This document provides an introduction to HTML. It defines key terms like HTML, URL, and browser. It explains that HTML is the language used to create web pages and is made up of tags enclosed in angle brackets. It discusses the basic structure of an HTML document using tags like <html>, <head>, <title>, and <body>. It also describes common text formatting tags and elements used in HTML like headings, paragraphs, line breaks, and bold/italic text. The document is intended as a beginner overview of HTML concepts and syntax.
HTML5 Tutorial For Beginners - Learning HTML 5 in simple and easy steps with examples covering 2D Canvas, Audio, Video, New Semantic Elements, Geolocation, Persistent Local Storage, Web Storage, Forms Elements,Application Cache,Inline SVG,Document
This document discusses audio and video support in HTML5. It covers the audio and video elements that allow embedding multimedia content in web pages without requiring plugins. The audio element is used to embed audio files while the video element embeds video files. Both support various attributes to control playback like autoplay, controls, and loop. Common audio and video file formats like MP3, MP4, Ogg and WebM are supported in HTML5. The document provides examples of using the audio and video elements and describes their attributes.
The document discusses the three types of CSS - internal, external, and inline. Internal CSS is defined within the HTML document using <style> tags. External CSS is defined in a separate .css file and linked using <link> tags. Inline CSS is defined directly in HTML elements using the style attribute. IDs and classes are also discussed as ways to target elements with CSS selectors.
The document is a presentation on Dynamic Hypertext Markup Language (DHTML). It defines DHTML as a combination of HTML, CSS, and scripting to make web pages dynamic and interactive. It discusses the need for DHTML, components of DHTML including HTML, CSS, DOM, and JavaScript. It also covers Cascading Style Sheets, the Document Object Model, how to access HTML and scripting, and how to create rollover buttons using DHTML. The presentation was given by Abhishek Meena, a 6th semester B.Sc. student studying computer science.
General Introduction to Web Page and Designing of Web Pages using basic elements of HTML of HTML tags, attributes, Heading, Paragraphs and Images. Also describes the process to work with the function of the tags and the attributes in HTML
The document provides an agenda for a workshop on HTML, CSS, and putting them together. It covers HTML topics like semantic tags, comments, and best practices. It then discusses CSS topics such as IDs vs classes, floats, shorthand, and putting HTML and CSS together with project structure and layouts. The workshop aims to give an introduction to HTML, CSS, and how to structure websites using these languages.
CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is a style sheet language used to define the presentation and layout of web pages. CSS describes how HTML elements are displayed on screen, paper, or in other media. It controls the color, font, size and other aspects of formatting and visual presentation. There are three main ways to incorporate CSS into HTML - external style sheets, internal style sheets, and inline styles. CSS rules contain a selector that specifies the element(s) to which the rule applies, and a declaration block that contains one or more declarations setting CSS properties for the element(s).
The document discusses the Document Object Model (DOM), which defines a standard for accessing and manipulating HTML, XML, and SVG documents. It defines the nodes that make up an HTML document as well as the relationships between the nodes. The DOM represents an HTML document as nodes and objects that can be manipulated programmatically. Key points covered include the DOM node tree structure, common node types like elements and attributes, and methods for accessing nodes like getElementById() and getElementsByTagName().
Forms allow users to enter data into a website. They contain form elements like text fields, drop-down menus, and buttons. The <form> element defines a form, while <input>, <textarea>, <select>, and <button> elements create specific form controls. Forms submit data via GET or POST requests, and attributes like action, method, and target control submission. Common elements include single-line text, passwords, textareas, checkboxes, radio buttons, drop-downs, file uploads, hidden fields, and submit/reset buttons.
The document discusses HTML5 semantic and non-semantic elements. It defines semantic elements as those with inherent meaning, like <form> and <table>, while non-semantic elements like <div> and <span> do not convey meaning. New HTML5 semantic elements are introduced, including <section> for sections, <article> for independent content, <header> and <footer> for introductory and footer content, and <nav> for navigation links. Semantic elements are important for search engines and accessibility by clearly defining the meaning of different parts of a web page.
Forms are used in HTML to collect user input on web pages. The <form> tag defines a form area that contains form elements like text fields, checkboxes, radio buttons, and dropdown menus. When the user submits the form, the data from these elements is sent to the server. Common form elements include <input>, <textarea>, and <select>. The <input> tag defines different element types like text, checkbox, radio, submit, and hidden using the "type" attribute. Forms allow collecting user data to send to a server for processing.
The document provides a history of HTML and describes new features in HTML5 such as improved audio/video support, 2D/3D canvas, web storage, geolocation, and web workers. Key events include Tim Berners-Lee proposing HTML in 1989 at CERN and the formation of the WHATWG in 2004 to advance HTML standards in response to the W3C shifting focus away from HTML. HTML5 aims to improve compatibility while introducing new APIs for web applications.
The document discusses the key components of a website, comparing them to parts of a house. A website consists of a domain name, which serves as the address like a street name. Files are stored on a hosting server, which provides the foundation. HTML provides the framework, CSS offers styling like paint, and JavaScript adds interactive elements similar to home appliances. Content fills out pages like furniture. Links between pages act as doors connecting different rooms. The document outlines common elements such as hosting accounts, site files, databases, content management systems and plugins.
Web publishing involves creating and uploading websites, webpages, blogs, and other content to the internet. It requires web development software, an internet connection, and a web server. Content is uploaded to the web server via the internet connection. Web servers can be shared, hosting multiple sites, or dedicated to a single site. Domain names provide the address for websites and must be purchased separately from web hosting. Nameservers help connect domain names to server IP addresses through the domain name system.
The document provides information about HTML (Hypertext Markup Language):
1. HTML is the standard markup language used to create web pages and defines the structure and layout of a web page.
2. HTML uses tags to annotate text with semantic information like headings, paragraphs, links, quotes, etc. and the tags are enclosed in angle brackets.
3. Basic HTML tags include <html>, <head>, <title>, <body>, <h1>-<h6> for headings, <p> for paragraphs, <a> for links, <img> for images, and <br> for line breaks.
CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is a stylesheet language used to describe the presentation of a document written in HTML or XML. CSS saves lots of work as formatting elements only need to be applied to one CSS file rather than individually formatting every HTML page. CSS rules consist of selectors that point to the HTML element to style paired with a declaration block containing CSS properties and values to determine how that element will look. Common CSS properties include those to control text formatting, background effects, borders, lists, links and positioning.
This document provides an introduction to HTML and covers several important topics:
1. It defines key terms related to HTML and the web like HTML, URL, browser, and tags.
2. It discusses choosing a text editor for writing HTML code and recommends NotePad for beginners.
3. It explains how to create a basic HTML document structure with the <html>, <head>, <title>, and <body> tags and set document properties like the background color.
4. It covers additional HTML elements like headings, paragraphs, line breaks, and horizontal rules that can be used to structure and format text on a page.
This document provides an introduction to HTML and covers several basic HTML elements for formatting text. It discusses headings, paragraphs, breaks, and horizontal rules. It also covers setting document properties like background color and text color. Character formatting elements are introduced like bold, italics, font size, color, and alignment. The document recommends starting with a basic HTML template and provides examples of coding structures for the various elements.
HTML5 Tutorial For Beginners - Learning HTML 5 in simple and easy steps with examples covering 2D Canvas, Audio, Video, New Semantic Elements, Geolocation, Persistent Local Storage, Web Storage, Forms Elements,Application Cache,Inline SVG,Document
This document discusses audio and video support in HTML5. It covers the audio and video elements that allow embedding multimedia content in web pages without requiring plugins. The audio element is used to embed audio files while the video element embeds video files. Both support various attributes to control playback like autoplay, controls, and loop. Common audio and video file formats like MP3, MP4, Ogg and WebM are supported in HTML5. The document provides examples of using the audio and video elements and describes their attributes.
The document discusses the three types of CSS - internal, external, and inline. Internal CSS is defined within the HTML document using <style> tags. External CSS is defined in a separate .css file and linked using <link> tags. Inline CSS is defined directly in HTML elements using the style attribute. IDs and classes are also discussed as ways to target elements with CSS selectors.
The document is a presentation on Dynamic Hypertext Markup Language (DHTML). It defines DHTML as a combination of HTML, CSS, and scripting to make web pages dynamic and interactive. It discusses the need for DHTML, components of DHTML including HTML, CSS, DOM, and JavaScript. It also covers Cascading Style Sheets, the Document Object Model, how to access HTML and scripting, and how to create rollover buttons using DHTML. The presentation was given by Abhishek Meena, a 6th semester B.Sc. student studying computer science.
General Introduction to Web Page and Designing of Web Pages using basic elements of HTML of HTML tags, attributes, Heading, Paragraphs and Images. Also describes the process to work with the function of the tags and the attributes in HTML
The document provides an agenda for a workshop on HTML, CSS, and putting them together. It covers HTML topics like semantic tags, comments, and best practices. It then discusses CSS topics such as IDs vs classes, floats, shorthand, and putting HTML and CSS together with project structure and layouts. The workshop aims to give an introduction to HTML, CSS, and how to structure websites using these languages.
CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is a style sheet language used to define the presentation and layout of web pages. CSS describes how HTML elements are displayed on screen, paper, or in other media. It controls the color, font, size and other aspects of formatting and visual presentation. There are three main ways to incorporate CSS into HTML - external style sheets, internal style sheets, and inline styles. CSS rules contain a selector that specifies the element(s) to which the rule applies, and a declaration block that contains one or more declarations setting CSS properties for the element(s).
The document discusses the Document Object Model (DOM), which defines a standard for accessing and manipulating HTML, XML, and SVG documents. It defines the nodes that make up an HTML document as well as the relationships between the nodes. The DOM represents an HTML document as nodes and objects that can be manipulated programmatically. Key points covered include the DOM node tree structure, common node types like elements and attributes, and methods for accessing nodes like getElementById() and getElementsByTagName().
Forms allow users to enter data into a website. They contain form elements like text fields, drop-down menus, and buttons. The <form> element defines a form, while <input>, <textarea>, <select>, and <button> elements create specific form controls. Forms submit data via GET or POST requests, and attributes like action, method, and target control submission. Common elements include single-line text, passwords, textareas, checkboxes, radio buttons, drop-downs, file uploads, hidden fields, and submit/reset buttons.
The document discusses HTML5 semantic and non-semantic elements. It defines semantic elements as those with inherent meaning, like <form> and <table>, while non-semantic elements like <div> and <span> do not convey meaning. New HTML5 semantic elements are introduced, including <section> for sections, <article> for independent content, <header> and <footer> for introductory and footer content, and <nav> for navigation links. Semantic elements are important for search engines and accessibility by clearly defining the meaning of different parts of a web page.
Forms are used in HTML to collect user input on web pages. The <form> tag defines a form area that contains form elements like text fields, checkboxes, radio buttons, and dropdown menus. When the user submits the form, the data from these elements is sent to the server. Common form elements include <input>, <textarea>, and <select>. The <input> tag defines different element types like text, checkbox, radio, submit, and hidden using the "type" attribute. Forms allow collecting user data to send to a server for processing.
The document provides a history of HTML and describes new features in HTML5 such as improved audio/video support, 2D/3D canvas, web storage, geolocation, and web workers. Key events include Tim Berners-Lee proposing HTML in 1989 at CERN and the formation of the WHATWG in 2004 to advance HTML standards in response to the W3C shifting focus away from HTML. HTML5 aims to improve compatibility while introducing new APIs for web applications.
The document discusses the key components of a website, comparing them to parts of a house. A website consists of a domain name, which serves as the address like a street name. Files are stored on a hosting server, which provides the foundation. HTML provides the framework, CSS offers styling like paint, and JavaScript adds interactive elements similar to home appliances. Content fills out pages like furniture. Links between pages act as doors connecting different rooms. The document outlines common elements such as hosting accounts, site files, databases, content management systems and plugins.
Web publishing involves creating and uploading websites, webpages, blogs, and other content to the internet. It requires web development software, an internet connection, and a web server. Content is uploaded to the web server via the internet connection. Web servers can be shared, hosting multiple sites, or dedicated to a single site. Domain names provide the address for websites and must be purchased separately from web hosting. Nameservers help connect domain names to server IP addresses through the domain name system.
The document provides information about HTML (Hypertext Markup Language):
1. HTML is the standard markup language used to create web pages and defines the structure and layout of a web page.
2. HTML uses tags to annotate text with semantic information like headings, paragraphs, links, quotes, etc. and the tags are enclosed in angle brackets.
3. Basic HTML tags include <html>, <head>, <title>, <body>, <h1>-<h6> for headings, <p> for paragraphs, <a> for links, <img> for images, and <br> for line breaks.
CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is a stylesheet language used to describe the presentation of a document written in HTML or XML. CSS saves lots of work as formatting elements only need to be applied to one CSS file rather than individually formatting every HTML page. CSS rules consist of selectors that point to the HTML element to style paired with a declaration block containing CSS properties and values to determine how that element will look. Common CSS properties include those to control text formatting, background effects, borders, lists, links and positioning.
This document provides an introduction to HTML and covers several important topics:
1. It defines key terms related to HTML and the web like HTML, URL, browser, and tags.
2. It discusses choosing a text editor for writing HTML code and recommends NotePad for beginners.
3. It explains how to create a basic HTML document structure with the <html>, <head>, <title>, and <body> tags and set document properties like the background color.
4. It covers additional HTML elements like headings, paragraphs, line breaks, and horizontal rules that can be used to structure and format text on a page.
This document provides an introduction to HTML and covers several basic HTML elements for formatting text. It discusses headings, paragraphs, breaks, and horizontal rules. It also covers setting document properties like background color and text color. Character formatting elements are introduced like bold, italics, font size, color, and alignment. The document recommends starting with a basic HTML template and provides examples of coding structures for the various elements.
This document provides an introduction to HTML and covers several basic elements for formatting text in HTML documents, including:
1. Headings (<H1>-<H6>) are used to divide up sections of text and are displayed in decreasing font sizes. Paragraphs (<P>) allow text to automatically wrap to the width of the browser.
2. Breaks (<BR>) insert line breaks, while horizontal rules (<HR>) add horizontal lines across the page.
3. Character formatting elements like <B> for bold, <I> for italics, and <FONT> for changing text size allow styling of individual characters.
This document provides an introduction to HTML and covers various topics related to creating HTML documents, including:
1. Definitions of key terms like HTML, URL, and browser.
2. How to create a basic HTML document structure and set document properties like the background color.
3. How to add different elements like headings, paragraphs, breaks, and horizontal rules to structure the content and text.
This document provides an introduction to HTML and covers several key topics:
1. It defines important terms like HTML, URL, and browser.
2. It discusses the basic structure of an HTML document including the <head> and <body> sections and common tags like <title> and <p>.
3. It covers ways to format text including headings, paragraphs, breaks, horizontal rules, bold, italics, underline, and font colors. It also discusses alignment and special characters.
This document provides an introduction to HTML and covers several key topics:
1. It defines important terms like HTML, URL, and browser.
2. It discusses the basic structure of an HTML document including tags, headings, paragraphs, and breaks.
3. It covers how to set document properties like the background color, text color, and link colors.
4. It explains how to preview and view HTML documents in a browser and engage in the edit-save-view cycle of creating webpages.
This document provides an introduction to HTML and covers several key topics:
1. It defines important terms like HTML, URL, and browser.
2. It discusses the basic structure of an HTML document including the <head> and <body> tags.
3. It covers how to set document properties like the background color and text color in the <body> tag.
4. It explains different text formatting tags like <b> for bold, <i> for italics, and <font> for changing text size or color.
web development html css javascrptt902350_HTML_Jar.pptPuniNihithasree
This document provides an introduction to HTML and covers several key topics:
1. It defines important HTML terms like HTML, URL, and browser.
2. It discusses HTML tags, including common tags like <TITLE> and <BODY>, and explains that tags are not case sensitive.
3. It covers choosing a text editor for writing HTML, and recommends NotePad for beginners to create basic HTML pages and view them in a browser.
This document provides an introduction to HTML and covers various topics related to creating HTML documents, including:
1. Definitions of key terms like HTML, URL, and browser.
2. How to create a basic HTML document structure and set document properties using tags like <HTML>, <HEAD>, <TITLE>, and <BODY>.
3. How to add headings, paragraphs, breaks, and horizontal rules to structure content on the page.
4. How to format text using bold, italics, and other tags.
In summary, the document serves as a tutorial for beginners on the basic building blocks of creating HTML pages.
This document provides an introduction to HTML and covers several key topics:
1. It defines important HTML terms like HTML, URL, and browser.
2. It discusses HTML tags, including common tags like <TITLE> and <BODY>, and explains that tags are not case sensitive.
3. It covers choosing a text editor for writing HTML, and recommends NotePad for beginners to create basic HTML pages and view them in a browser.
This document provides an introduction to HTML and covers various topics related to creating HTML documents, including:
1. Definitions of key terms like HTML, URL, and browser.
2. How to create a basic HTML document structure and set document properties using tags like <HTML>, <HEAD>, <TITLE>, and <BODY>.
3. How to format text within HTML documents using tags like <H1>-<H6> for headings, <P> for paragraphs, <BR> for breaks, and <HR> for horizontal rules.
This document provides an introduction to HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) and basic HTML tags. It defines common terms like WWW, HTML, URL, and browser. It explains that HTML uses tags to format text and pages usually end with .htm or .html extensions. Common tags are described like <TITLE> for the page title and <HEAD> and <BODY> to define sections. It also covers choosing text editors, creating a basic HTML page structure, and setting document properties like colors.
1. The document introduces HTML (Hypertext Markup Language), the language used to create web pages, and defines common HTML terms like tags, URLs, and browsers.
2. It describes basic HTML tags for formatting text, including headings, paragraphs, line breaks, and horizontal rules. Color codes and attributes for setting text, background, and link colors are also covered.
3. The document discusses how to preview and view HTML files using a text editor like Notepad and a web browser in an edit-save-view cycle. It also covers character formatting tags for bold, italics, underline, and more.
This document provides information on creating and formatting HTML documents using a basic text editor like Notepad. It defines common HTML tags and elements like headings, paragraphs, breaks, and horizontal rules. It also covers setting document properties, character formatting with bold, italics and color, and inserting special characters. The document teaches how to structure an HTML page, add text and formatting, and preview the page in a web browser.
7.Web computer note nrb officer Design Extra HTML.pdfssuserbf7e9c
1. The document provides an introduction to HTML, defining key terms like HTML, URL, browser, and tags. It discusses choosing a text editor and starting NotePad.
2. It describes how to create a basic HTML document structure with tags like <html>, <head>, <title>, and <body>. It also covers setting document properties like colors.
3. The document discusses various text formatting elements in HTML like headings, paragraphs, breaks, horizontal rules, bold, italics, and alignment. It provides examples of using these elements.
4. It covers special characters in HTML that can be inserted using entity references starting with ampersands.
The document provides instructions for updating initial PHP, HTTPD, and MySQL configuration files. Key points include:
- Setting the PHP error_reporting level and enabling access from other computers in PHP.ini and httpd.conf.
- Increasing PHP and MySQL configuration values such as post_max_size, upload_max_filesize, max_execution_time, max_input_time, and memory_limit.
- Increasing the MySQL execution time limit configuration value.
The document discusses Java packages. The key points are:
- Packages are containers that group related classes and interfaces together. They allow for organizing code and uniquely naming classes.
- The core Java packages are java.lang, java.util, java.io, java.awt, java.net, and java.applet. They contain fundamental classes for various purposes.
- To use classes from a package, the package must be imported or the fully qualified class name can be used. The package statement declares user-defined packages.
This document discusses exceptions in Java programs. It defines exceptions as runtime errors that occur when an unexpected condition arises. It describes different types of errors like runtime errors, logic errors, and syntax errors. It provides an example Java program that generates an exception by dividing a number by zero. Finally, it explains Java's exception handling mechanisms like try, catch, throw, throws and finally keywords to detect and manage exceptions.
PHP is an open source scripting language used for web development that can be embedded into HTML. It is executed on the server and allows code to be enclosed in special PHP tags. Variables in PHP start with a $ sign and automatically take the correct data type. Strings can be concatenated using the . operator and PHP supports various operators like arithmetic, assignment, comparison, and logical for working with values.
This document discusses static methods and abstract classes in PHP. Static methods can be called directly on a class without creating an instance. Abstract classes contain at least one abstract method that is declared but not implemented, requiring child classes to implement the method. The example shows an abstract Car class with an intro() method, and child classes Audi, Volvo and Citroen that implement intro() uniquely for each class.
Operating System File Management Unit v.pptxSanthiNivas
This document discusses file management. It begins by introducing the file manager and its responsibilities, which include file storage tracking, policy implementation, file allocation and deallocation. The file manager determines file storage locations and system/user access based on policy. It then defines key concepts like fields, records, files, databases, program files and data files. It describes how users interact with the file manager using logical commands and describes typical volume configurations including the master file directory and subdirectories. It concludes by discussing file descriptors and file naming conventions.
Input devices such as keyboards, mice, joysticks, light pens, and trackballs are used to provide data and control signals to computers. Keyboards allow text input and contain 104-105 keys laid out like a typewriter. Mice are popular pointing devices with left and right buttons used to control cursor position but not enter text. Other pointing devices include joysticks and light pens. Trackballs are upside-down mice located in front of laptop keyboards. Output devices like monitors, printers, and projectors receive computer data and translate it into visual, audio, textual, or printed forms for users.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help boost feelings of calmness, happiness and focus.
It gives detailed description about Points, Lines, Attributes of Output Primitives, Line Functions, Line Drawing Algorithms, DDA Line drawing algorithms, Bresenham’s Line Algorithm, Circle Generating Algorthims
This PPT gives detailed information about Computer Graphics, Raster Scan System, Random Scan System, CRT Display, Color CRT Monitors, Input and Output Devices
This document discusses various page layout and formatting options in Microsoft Word, including changing the page size and orientation, paper type, width and height, layout, background, inserting and deleting pages, templates, and creating and editing templates. Key steps are provided for changing common page settings like size, adding or removing pages, and using templates to format documents.
3-D Transformation in Computer GraphicsSanthiNivas
This PDF gives the detailed information about 3-D Transformations like, Translation, Rotation and Scaling. Classification of Visible Surface Detection Methods, Scan line method, Z -Buffer Method, A- Buffer Method
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
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আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
Thinking of getting a dog? Be aware that breeds like Pit Bulls, Rottweilers, and German Shepherds can be loyal and dangerous. Proper training and socialization are crucial to preventing aggressive behaviors. Ensure safety by understanding their needs and always supervising interactions. Stay safe, and enjoy your furry friends!
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
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How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
2. 2
Definitions
W W W – World Wide Web.
HTML – HyperText Markup Language –
The Language of Web Pages on the World
Wide Web.
HTML is a text formatting language.
URL – Uniform Resource Locator.
Browser – A software program which is
used to show web pages.
3. 3
“Normal text” surrounded by
bracketed tags that tell browsers
how to display web pages
Pages end with “.htm” or “.html”
HTML Editor – A word processor
that has been specialized to make
the writing of HTML documents
more effortless.
4. 4
Tags
Codes enclosed in brackets
Usually paired
<TITLE>My Web Page</TITLE>
Not case sensitive
<TITLE> = <title> = <TITLE>
5. 5
Starting NotePad
NotePad is the standard text editor that
comes with the microsoft windows
operating system. To start NotePad in
windows 9x or XP follow the steps
bellow:
Click on the “Start” button located on
your Windows task bar.
Click on “Programs” and then click on the
directory menu labeled “Accessories”.
Locate the shortcut “NotePad” and click
the shortcut once.
6. 6
HTML Page Creation & Editing
In this chapter you will learn to create HTML
pages with a standard text editor.
Objectives
Upon completing this section, you should be
able to
1. Choose a Text Editor.
2. Create a Basic Starting Document.
3. Understand and set Document Properties.
4. View Your Results in a Browser.
7. 7
Creating a Basic Starting
Document
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>Al al-Bayt University</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
This is what is displayed.
</BODY>
</HTML>
8. 8
Color Codes
• Colors are set using “RGB” color codes,
which are, represented as hexadecimal
values. Each 2-digit section of the code
represents the amount, in sequence, of
red, green or blue that forms the color. For
example, a RGB value with 00 as the first
two digits has no red in the color.
11. 11
The Body Element
• The BODY element of a web page is an
important element in regards to the page’s
appearance. Here are the attributes of the
BODY tag to control all the levels:
TEXT="#RRGGBB" to change the color of all
the text on the page (full page text color.)
This element contains information about the
page’s background color, the background
image, as well as the text and link colors.
12. 12
Background Color
It is very common to see web pages with
their background color set to white or some
other colors.
To set your document’s background color,
you need to edit the <BODY> element by
adding the BGCOLOR attribute. The
following example will display a document
with a white background color:
<BODY BGCOLOR=“#FFFFFF”></BODY>
13. 13
TEXT Color
The TEXT attribute is used to control
the color of all the normal text in the
document. The default color for text is
black. The TEXT attribute would be
added as follows:
<BODY BGCOLOR=“#FFFFFF”
TEXT=“#FF0000”></BODY>
In this example the document’s page
color is white and the text would be red.
14. 14
LINK, VLINK, and ALINK
These attributes control the colors of the different link
states:
1. LINK – initial appearance – default = Blue.
2. VLINK – visited link – default = Purple.
3. ALINK –active link being clicked–default= Yellow.
The Format for setting these attributes is:
<BODY BGCOLOR=“#FFFFFF” TEXT=“#FF0000”
LINK=“#0000FF”
VLINK=“#FF00FF”
ALINK=“FFFF00”> </BODY>
15. 15
Using Image Background
The BODY element also gives you ability
of setting an image as the document’s
background.
An example of a background image’s
HTML code is as follows:
<BODY BACKGROUND=“hi.gif”
BGCOLOR=“#FFFFFF”></BODY>
16. 16
Edit, Save and View Cycle
To preview Your Work, open a web browser and do
the following:
1. Click on the menu labeled “File”.
2. Locate the menu option, “Open”.
17. 17
Edit, Save and View Cycle
3. In the “Open” dialog box, click on the
“Browse” button and locate your web
document.
4. Click “OK” once you have selected your file.
The web browser will load the same
document but with the new revisions. This
process is the Edit, Save and View Cycle.
18. 18
Headings, Paragraphs, Breaks & Horizontal
Rules
In this chapter you will add headings to your page, insert
paragraphs, add some breaks, and add horizontal
rules.
Objectives
Upon completing this section, you should be able to
1. List and describe the different Heading elements.
2. Use Paragraphs to add text to a document.
3. Insert breaks where necessary.
4. Add a Horizontal Rule.
19. 19
Headings, <Hx> </Hx>
Inside the BODY element, heading elements
H1 through H6 are generally used for major
divisions of the document. Headings are
permitted to appear in any order, but you will
obtain the best results when your documents
are displayed in a browser if you follow these
guidelines:
1. H1: should be used as the highest level of heading, H2
as the next highest, and so forth.
2. You should not skip heading levels: e.g., an H3 should
not appear after an H1, unless there is an H2 between
them.
21. 21
Paragraphs, <P> </P>
Paragraphs allow you to add text to a
document in such a way that it will
automatically adjust the end of line to suite
the window size of the browser in which it
is being displayed. Each line of text will
stretch the entire length of the window.
23. 23
Break, <BR>
Line breaks allow you to decide where the text
will break on a line or continue to the end of the
window.
A <BR> is an empty Element, meaning that it
may contain attributes but it does not contain
content.
The <BR> element does not have a closing tag.
24. 24
Break, <BR>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE> Example Page</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<H1> Heading 1 </H1>
<P>Paragraph 1, <BR>
Line 2 <BR> Line 3 <BR>….
</P>
</BODY>
</HTML>
Heading 1
Paragraph 1,….
Line 2
Line 3
….
25. 25
Horizontal Rule, <HR>
The <HR> element causes the
browser to display a horizontal
line (rule) in your document.
<HR> does not use a closing tag,
</HR>.
26. 26
Horizontal Rule, <HR>
Attribute Description Default Value
SIZE
Height of the rule in
pixels
2 pixels
WIDTH
Width of the rule in
pixels or percentage
of screen width
100%
NOSHADE
Draw the rule with a
flat look instead of a
3D look
Not set
(3D look)
ALIGN
Aligns the line (Left,
Center, Right)
Center
COLOR
Sets a color for the
rule (IE 3.0 or later)
Not set
27. 27
Horizontal Rule, <HR>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE> Example Page</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<H1> Heading 1 </H1>
<P>Paragraph 1, <BR>
Line 2 <BR>
<HR>Line 3 <BR>
</P>
</BODY>
</HTML>
Heading 1
Paragraph 1,….
Line 2
______________________
_____
Line 3
28. 28
Character Formatting
In this chapter you will learn how to enhance your page
with Bold, Italics, and other character formatting
options.
Objectives
Upon completing this section, you should be able to
1. Change the color and size of your text.
2. Use Common Character Formatting Elements.
3. Align your text.
4. Add special characters.
5. Use other character formatting elements.
29. 29
Bold, Italic and other Character Formatting
Elements
<FONT SIZE=“+2”> Two sizes bigger</FONT>
The size attribute can be set as an absolute value from 1 to 7
or as a relative value using the “+” or “-” sign. Normal text size
is 3 (from -2 to +4).
<B> Bold </B>
<I> Italic </I>
<U> Underline </U>
Color = “#RRGGBB” The COLOR attribute of the FONT
element. E.g., <FONT COLOR=“#RRGGBB”>this text has
color</FONT>
<PRE> Preformatted </PRE> Text enclosed by PRE tags is
displayed in a mono-spaced font. Spaces and line breaks are
supported without additional elements or special characters.
30. 30
Bold, Italic and other Character Formatting
Elements
<EM> Emphasis </EM> Browsers usually
display this as italics.
<STRONG> STRONG </STRONG> Browsers
display this as bold.
<TT> TELETYPE </TT> Text is displayed in a
mono-spaced font. A typewriter text, e.g. fixed-
width font.
<CITE> Citation </CITE> represents a
document citation (italics). For titles of books,
films, etc. Typically displayed in italics. (A
Beginner's Guide to HTML)
31. 31
Bold, Italic and other Character Formatting
Elements
<P> <FONT SIZE=“+1”> One
Size Larger </FONT> - Normal
–
<FONT SIZE=“-1”> One Size
Smaller </FONT> <BR>
<B> Bold</B> - <I> italics</I> -
<U> Underlined </U> -
<FONT COLOR=“#FF0000”>
Colored </FONT> <BR>
<EM> Emphasized</EM> -
<STRONG> Strong
</STRONG> - <TT> Tele Type
</TT> <BR>
One Size Larger - Normal – One
Size Smaller
Bold - italics - Underlined -
Colored
Emphasized - Strong - Tele
Type
32. 32
Alignment
Some elements have attributes for
alignment (ALIGN) e.g. Headings,
Paragraphs and Horizontal Rules.
The Three alignment values are : LEFT,
RIGHT, CENTER.
<CENTER></CENTER> Will center
elements.
33. 33
Alignment
<DIV ALIGN=“value”></DIV> Represents
a division in the document and can contain
most other element type. The alignment
attribute of the DIV element is well
supported.
<TABLE></TABLE> Inside a TABLE,
alignment can be set for each individual
cell.
34. 34
Special Characters & Symbols
These Characters are recognized in HTML as
they begin with an ampersand and end with with
a semi-colon e.g. &value; The value will either
be an entity name or a standard ASCII character
number. They are called escape sequences.
The next table represents some of the more
commonly used special characters. For a
comprehensive listing, visit the W3C’s section on
special characters at:
http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/HTMLPlus/htmlplus_13.html
36. 36
• Additional escape sequences support accented
characters, such as:
• ö
– a lowercase o with an umlaut: ö
• ñ
– a lowercase n with a tilde: ñ
• È
– an uppercase E with a grave accent: È
NOTE: Unlike the rest of HTML, the escape
sequences are case sensitive. You cannot, for
instance, use < instead of <.
Special Characters & Symbols
37. 37
Additional Character Formatting Elements
<STRIKE> strike-through text</STRIKE>
DEL is used for STRIKE at the latest
browsers
<BIG> places text in a big font</BIG>
<SMALL> places text in a small
font</SMALL>
<SUB> places text in subscript position </SUB>
<SUP> places text in superscript style
position </SUP>
38. 38
Example
<P><STRIKE> strike-through text </STRIKE></BR>
<BIG>places text in a big font </BIG><BR>
<SMALL> places text in a small font</SMALL><BR>
<SUB> places text in subscript position </SUB>
Normal
<SUP> places text in superscript style position
</SUP><BR> </P>
39. 39
Lists
In this chapter you will learn how to create a variety of lists.
Objectives
Upon completing this section, you should be able to
1. Create an unordered list.
2. Create an ordered list.
3. Create a defined list.
4. Nest Lists.
40. 40
List Elements
HTML supplies several list elements. Most list elements
are composed of one or more <LI> (List Item) elements.
UL : Unordered List. Items in this list start with a list mark
such as a bullet. Browsers will usually change the list
mark in nested lists.
<UL>
<LI> List item …</LI>
<LI> List item …</LI>
</UL>
• List item …
• List item …
41. 41
List Elements
You have the choice of three bullet types: disc(default),
circle, square.
These are controlled in Netscape Navigator by the
“TYPE” attribute for the <UL> element.
<UL TYPE=“square”>
<LI> List item …</LI>
<LI> List item …</LI>
<LI> List item …</LI>
</UL>
List item …
List item …
List item …
42. 42
List Elements
OL: Ordered List. Items in this list are numbered
automatically by the browser.
<OL>
<LI> List item …</LI>
<LI> List item …</LI>
<LI> List item …</LI>
</OL>
1. List item …
2. List item …
3. List item
You have the choice of setting the TYPE Attribute to
one of five numbering styles.
43. 43
List Elements
TYPE Numbering Styles
1 Arabic numbers 1,2,3, ……
a Lower alpha a, b, c, ……
A Upper alpha A, B, C, ……
i Lower roman i, ii, iii, ……
I Upper roman I, II, III, ……
44. 44
List Elements
You can specify a starting number for an
ordered list.
<OL TYPE =“i”>
<LI> List item …</LI>
<LI> List item …</LI>
</OL>
<P> text ….</P>
<OL TYPE=“i” START=“3”>
<LI> List item …</LI>
</OL>
46. 46
List Elements
DL: Definition List. This kind of list is different from the
others. Each item in a DL consists of one or more
Definition Terms (DT elements), followed by one or
more Definition Description (DD elements).
<DL>
<DT> HTML </DT>
<DD> Hyper Text Markup Language </DD>
<DT> DOG </DT>
<DD> A human’s best friend!</DD>
</DL>
HTML
Hyper Text Markup Language
DOG
A human’s best friend!
47. 47
Nesting Lists
You can nest lists by inserting a UL, OL, etc., inside a list
item (LI).
EXample
<UL TYPE = “square”>
<LI> List item …</LI>
<LI> List item …
<OL TYPE=“i” START=“3”>
<LI> List item …</LI>
<LI> List item …</LI>
<LI> List item …</LI>
<LI> List item …</LI>
<LI> List item …</LI>
</OL>
</LI>
<LI> List item …</LI>
</UL>
48. 48
<H1 ALIGN="CENTER">SAFETY TIPS FOR CANOEISTS</H1>
<OL TYPE=“a” START=“2”>
<LI>Be able to swim </LI>
<LI>Wear a life jacket at all times </LI>
<LI>Don't stand up or move around. If canoe tips,
<UL>
<LI>Hang on to the canoe </LI>
<LI>Use the canoe for support and </LI>
<LI>Swim to shore
</UL> </LI>
<LI>Don't overexert yourself </LI>
<LI>Use a bow light at night </LI>
</OL>
What will be the output?
49. 49
<H1 ALIGN="CENTER">SAFETY TIPS FOR
CANOEISTS</H1>
<OL TYPE="a" START="2">
<LI>Be able to swim </LI>
<LI>Wear a life jacket at all times </LI>
<LI>Don't stand up or move around. If canoe tips,
<UL>
<LI>Hang on to the canoe </LI>
<LI>Use the canoe for support
<OL type="I" start="4">
<LI> Be careful </LI>
<LI> Do not look around</LI>
</LI> </OL>
<LI>Swim to shore
</UL> </LI>
<LI>Don't overexert yourself </LI>
<LI>Use a bow light at night </LI>
</OL>
What
will
be the
output?
51. 51
Images
In this chapter you will learn about images
and how to place images in your pages.
Objectives
Upon completing this section, you should be
able to
1. Add images to your pages.
52. 52
Images
<IMG>This element defines a graphic image on
the page.
Image File (SRC:source): This value will be a
URL (location of the image) E.g.
http://www.domain.com/dir/file.ext or /dir/file.txt.
Alternate Text (ALT): This is a text field that
describes an image or acts as a label. It is
displayed when they position the cursor over a
graphic image.
Alignment (ALIGN): This allows you to align the
image on your page.
53. 53
Images
Width (WIDTH): is the width of the image in pixels.
Height (HEIGHT): is the height of the image in
pixels.
Border (BORDER): is for a border around the
image, specified in pixels.
HSPACE: is for Horizontal Space on both sides of
the image specified in pixels. A setting of 5 will put 5
pixels of invisible space on both sides of the image.
VSPACE: is for Vertical Space on top and bottom of
the image specified in pixels. A setting of 5 will put 5
pixels of invisible space above and bellow the
image.
54. 54
HOW TO MAKE A LINK
1) The tags used to produce links are the <A>
and </A>. The <A> tells where the link should start and
the </A> indicates where the link ends. Everything between
these two will work as a link.
2) The example below shows how to make the word
Here work as a link to yahoo.
Click <A HREF="http://www.yahoo.com">here</A> to
go to yahoo.
55. 55
Tables
In this chapter you will learn that tables have many uses in
HTML.
Objectives:
Upon completing this section, you should be able to:
1. Insert a table.
2. Explain a table’s attributes.
3. Edit a table.
4. Add a table header.
56. 56
Tables
The <TABLE></TABLE> element has four
sub-elements:
1. Table Row<TR></TR>.
2. Table Header <TH></TH>.
3. Table Data <TD></TD>.
4. Caption <CAPTION></CAPTION>.
The table row elements usually contain table
header elements or table data elements.
59. 59
Tables Attributes
BGColor: Some browsers support background
colors in a table.
Width: you can specify the table width as an
absolute number of pixels or a percentage of the
document width. You can set the width for the
table cells as well.
Border: You can choose a numerical value for
the border width, which specifies the border in
pixels.
CellSpacing: Cell Spacing represents the space
between cells and is specified in pixels.
60. 60
Table Attributes
CellPadding: Cell Padding is the space
between the cell border and the cell
contents and is specified in pixels.
Align: tables can have left, right, or
center alignment.
Background: Background Image, will be
titled in IE3.0 and above.
BorderColor, BorderColorDark.
61. 61
Table Caption
A table caption allows you to specify a line of
text that will appear centered above or bellow
the table.
<TABLE BORDER=1 CELLPADDING=2>
<CAPTION ALIGN=“BOTTOM”> Label For My Table
</CAPTION>
The Caption element has one attribute ALIGN
that can be either TOP (Above the table) or
BOTTOM (below the table).
62. 62
Table Header
Table Data cells are represented by the
TD element. Cells can also be TH (Table
Header) elements which results in the
contents of the table header cells
appearing centered and in bold text.
63. 63
Table Data and Table Header
Attributes
Colspan: Specifies how many cell columns of the table
this cell should span.
Rowspan: Specifies how many cell rows of the table this
cell should span.
Align: cell data can have left, right, or center alignment.
Valign: cell data can have top, middle, or bottom
alignment.
Width: you can specify the width as an absolute number
of pixels or a percentage of the document width.
Height: You can specify the height as an absolute
number of pixels or a percentage of the document height.
66. 66
Table Data and Table Header
Attributes
Column 1 Header Column 2 Header
Row 1 Col 1
Row 2 Col 1
Row 2 Col 2
Row 3 Col 2
67. 67
Special Things to Note
• TH, TD and TR should always have end tags.
Although the end tags are formally optional, many browsers will
mess up the formatting of the table if you omit the end tags. In
particular, you should always use end tags if you have a TABLE
within a TABLE -- in this situation, the table parser gets
hopelessly confused if you don't close your TH, TD and TR
elements.
• A default TABLE has no borders
By default, tables are drawn without border lines. You need the
BORDER attribute to draw the lines.
• By default, a table is flush with the left margin
TABLEs are plopped over on the left margin. If you want
centered tables, You can either: place the table inside a DIV
element with attribute ALIGN="center".
Most current browsers also supports table alignment, using the
ALIGN attribute. Allowed values are "left", "right", or "center", for
example: <TABLE ALIGN="left">. The values "left" and "right"
float the table to the left or right of the page, with text flow
allowed around the table. This is entirely equivalent to IMG
alignment
68. 68
<TABLE BORDER width=“750”>
<TR> <TD colspan=“4” align=“center”>Page
Banner</TD></TR>
<TR> <TD rowspan=“2” width=“25%”>Nav
Links</TD><TD colspan=“2”>Feature
Article</TD> <TD rowspan=“2”
width=“25%”>Linked Ads</TD></TR>
<TR><TD width=“25%”>News Column 1 </TD>
<TD width=“25%”><News Column 2 </TD></TR>
</TABLE>
What will be the output?
70. 70
Frames
Frames are a relatively new addition to the HTML
standard. First introduced in Netscape
Navigator 2.0.
Objectives:
Upon completing this section, you should be able to:
Create a Frame based page.
Work with the Frameset, Frame, and Noframes
elements.
Use the attributes of the Frames elements to
control the display.
Set Targets appropriately.
71. 71
Frames
A framed page is actually made up of multiple
HTML pages. There is one HTML document
that describes how to break up the single
browser window into multiple windowpanes.
Each windowpane is filled with an HTML
document.
For Example to make a framed page with a
windowpane on the left and one on the right
requires three HTML pages. Doc1.html and
Doc2.html are the pages that contain
content. Frames.html is the page that
describes the division of the single browser
window into two windowpanes.
73. 73
Frame Page Architecture
A <FRAMESET> element is placed in the html
document before the <BODY> element. The
<FRAMESET> describes the amount of screen real
estate given to each windowpane by dividing the
screen into ROWS or COLS.
The <FRAMESET> will then contain <FRAME>
elements, one per division of the browser window.
Note: Because there is no BODY container,
FRAMESET pages can't have background images
and background colors associated with them.
75. 75
The Diagram below is a graphical view
of the document described above
FRAMESET COLS=”23%, 77%”
FRAME
NAME=right_pane
SRC= Doc2.html
FRAME
NAME=
left_pane
SRC=Doc1.h
tml
76. 76
<FRAMESET> Container
<FRAMESET> : The FRAMESET element creates
divisions in the browser window in a single direction.
This allows you to define divisions as either rows or
columns.
ROWS : Determines the size and number of
rectangular rows within a <FRAMESET>. They are
set from top of the display area to the bottom.
Possible values are:
Absolute pixel units, I.e. “360,120”.
A percentage of screen height, e.g. “75%,25%”.
Proportional values using the asterisk (*). This is
often combined with a value in pixels , e.g. “360,*”.
<Frameset cols=“200,20%,*,2*”>
77. 77
Creating a Frames Page
COLS: Determines the size and number of
rectangular columns within a <FRAMESET>.
They are set from left to right of the display
area.
Possible values are:
Absolute pixel units, I.e. “480,160”.
A percentage of screen width, e.g. “75%,25%”.
Proportional values using the asterisk (*). This is
often combined with a value in pixels , e.g.
“480,*”.
78. 78
Creating a Frames Page
FRAMEBORDER : Possible values 0, 1, YES, NO. A
setting of zero will create a borderless frame.
FRAMESPACING: This attribute is specified in
pixels. If you go to borderless frames you will need
to set this value to zero as well, or you will have a
gap between your frames where the border used to
be.
BORDER(thickness of the Frame): This attribute
specified in pixels. A setting of zero will create a
borderless frame. Default value is 5.
BORDERCOLOR: This attribute is allows you
choose a color for your border. This attribute is rarely
used.
79. 79
<FRAME>
<FRAME>: This element defines a single frame within a
frameset. There will be a FRAME element for each
division created by the FRAMESET element. This tag
has the following attributes:
SRC: Required, as it provides the URL for the page that
will be displayed in the frame.
NAME: Required for frames that will allow targeting by
other HTML documents. Works in conjunction with the
target attribute of the <A>, <AREA>, <BASE>, and
<FORM> tags.
80. 80
<FRAME>
MARGINWIDTH: Optional attribute stated in pixels.
Determines horizontal space between the
<FRAME> contents and the frame’s borders.
MARGINHEIGHT: Optional attribute stated in
pixels. Determines vertical space between the
<FRAME> contents and the frame’s borders.
SCROLLING: Displays a scroll bar(s) in the frame.
Possible values are:
1. Yes – always display scroll bar(s).
2. No – never display scroll bar(s).
3. Auto – browser will decide based on frame
contents.
By default: scrolling is auto.
81. 81
<FRAME>
NORESIZE: Optional – prevents viewers
from resizing the frame. By default the
user can stretch or shrink the frame’s
display by selecting the frame’s border
and moving it up, down, left, or right.
82. 82
<NOFRAMES>
<NOFRAMES>: Frame – capable browsers ignore all
HTML within this tag including the contents of the BODY
element. This element does not have any attributes.
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE> Framed Page </TITLE>
</HEAD>
84. 84
Compound FRAMESET Divisions
In this case a second FRAMESET element will
be inserted in the place of the FRAME element
that would describe the second row.
The second FRAMESET element will divide the
remaining screen real estate into 2 columns.
This nested FRAMESET will then be followed by
2 FRAME elements to describe each of the
subsequent frame divisions created.
95. 95
1) <FRAMESET COLS="2*, 3*, 5*">
2) <FRAMESET COLS="150, 20%, *, 3*">
So what are the space-allocation priorities?
Absolute pixel values are always
assigned space first, in order from left to
right. These are followed by percentage
values of the total space. Finally,
proportional values are divided based
upon what space is left.
What do the following mean?
96. 96
• The <FRAME> tag has six associated
attributes: SRC, NAME, MARGINWIDTH,
MARGINHEIGHT, SCROLLING, and
NORESIZE. Here's a complete generic
FRAME:
• <FRAME SRC="url" NAME="window_name"
SCROLLING=YES|NO|AUTO
MARGINWIDTH="value"
MARGINHEIGHT="value"
NORESIZE>
Generic Frame Formula
97. 97
<FRAMESET ROWS="*, 2*, *" COLS="2*, *">
<FRAME SRC=“”>
<FRAME SRC=“”>
<FRAME SRC=“”>
<FRAME SRC=“”>
<FRAME SRC=“”>
<FRAME SRC=“”>
</FRAMESET>
What will be the Output?
98. 98
Targets
When you use links for use in a frames environment you
will need to specify an additional attribute called TARGET.
The TARGET attribute uses the NAME attribute of the
FRAME element.
If we were to place a link in doc1.html that linked to
doc3.html and we wanted doc3.html to be displayed in the
right windowpane; the HTML code would appear in
doc1.html as follows:
<A HREF=“doc3.html”
TARGET=“right_pane”>Link to Document 3
</A>
99. 99
Special Targets
• There are 4 special target names that cannot be assigned by
the NAME attribute of the FRAME tag.
1. TARGET=“_top” : This loads the linked document into the full
browser window with the URL specified by the HREF attribute.
All frames disappear, leaving the new linked page to occupy
the entire window. The back is turned on.
2. TARGET=“_blank” : Opens an unnamed new browser
window and loads the document specified in the URL attribute
into the new window (and your old window stays open). The
back is turned off. Other windows remains on.
3. TARGET=“_self” : Loads the document in the same window
where the anchor was {Clicked}. This is the default setting for
linking elements.
4. TARGET=“_parent” : the _parent frame is a prior frameset
that the current frameset was “spawned” from. If there isn’t
one it is the browser window. The document is loaded into the
area occupied by the columns or rows frameset containing the
frame that contains the link. The back is turned on. All
windows disappear.
100. 100
If a frame contains the following link, then clicking the link
launches a new, unnamed browser display window that contains
the content defined in stuff.HTM. This can be a simple HTML
document, or an entirely new FRAMESET definition.
1. <A HREF="stuff.html" TARGET="_blank">
If a frame contains the following link, then clicking the link will
simply cause the frame which contains the link to clear, and its
content will be replaced with whatever is in stuff.htm.
2. <A HREF="stuff.html" TARGET="_self">
If a frame contains the following link, the frameset that contains
the frame that contains this link will be replaced by stuff.HTM.
3. <A HREF="stuff.html" TARGET="_parent">
Finally, if a frame contains the following link, clicking the link
replaces the entire browser window with the contents of
stuff.HTM.
4. <A HREF="stuff.html" TARGET="_top">
101. 101
Targeting links to frames
The TARGET attribute allows you to specify the frame into which a page
is to be loaded into in a frames setting.
<A HREF=“chap1.html” TARGET=“_self”> [Chapter 1]</A>
<A HREF=“chap1.html” TARGET=“_parent”> [Chapter 2]</A>
Parent window Learning HTML
[Chapter 1][Chapter 2][Chapter 3]
chap1.html
chap2.html
102. 102
Targeting links to frames
The TARGET attribute allows you to specify the frame into which a
page is to be loaded into in a frames setting.
<A HREF=“chap1.html” TARGET=“bottom”> [Chapter 1]</A>
<A HREF=“chap2.html” TARGET=“bottom”> [Chapter 2]</A>
<A HREF=“chap3.html” TARGET=“bottom”> [Chapter 3]</A>
Learning HTML
[Chapter 1][Chapter 2][Chapter 3]
chap1.html
chap2.html
chap3.html
103. 103
Forms
Forms add the ability to web pages to not only provide the
person viewing the document with dynamic information but
also to obtain information from the person viewing it, and
process the information.
Objectives:
Upon completing this section, you should be able to
1. Create a FORM.
2. Add elements to a FORM.
3. Define CGI (Common Gateway Interface).
4. Describe the purpose of a CGI Application.
5. Specify an action for the FORM.
Forms work in all browsers.
Forms are Platform Independent.
104. 104
Forms
To insert a form we use the <FORM></FORM> tags. The rest of the
form elements must be inserted in between the form tags.
<HTML> <HEAD>
<TITLE> Sample Form</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY BGCOLOR=“FFFFFF”>
<FORM ACTION = http://www.xnu.com/formtest.asp>
<P> First Name: <INPUT TYPE=“TEXT” NAME=“fname”
MAXLENGTH=“50”> </P>
<P> <INPUT TYPE=“SUBMIT” NAME=“fsubmit1” VALUE=“Send Info”>
</P>
</FORM>
</BODY> </HTML>
105. 105
<FORM> element attributes
ACTION: is the URL of the CGI (Common
Gateway Interface) program that is going to
accept the data from the form, process it, and
send a response back to the browser.
METHOD: GET (default) or POST specifies
which HTTP method will be used to send the
form’s contents to the web server. The CGI
application should be written to accept the
data from either method.
NAME: is a form name used by VBScript or
JavaScripts.
TARGET: is the target frame where the
response page will show up.
106. 106
Form Elements
Form elements have properties: Text
boxes, Password boxes, Checkboxes,
Option(Radio) buttons, Submit, Reset,
File, Hidden and Image.
The properties are specified in the
TYPE Attribute of the HTML element
<INPUT></INPUT>.
108. 108
Form Elements
<INPUT> Element’s Properties
TYPE= Type of INPUT entry field.
NAME = Variable name passed to CGI application
VALUE= The data associated with the variable
name to be passed to the CGI application
CHECKED= Button/box checked
SIZE= Number of visible characters in text field
MAXLENGHT= Maximum number of characters
accepted.
109. 109
Text Box
Text boxes: Used to provide input fields for text,
phone numbers, dates, etc.
<INPUT TYPE= " TEXT " >
Browser will display
Textboxes use the following attributes:
TYPE: text.
SIZE: determines the size of the textbox in
characters. Default=20 characters.
MAXLENGHT : determines the maximum number
of characters that the field will accept.
NAME: is the name of the variable to be sent to the
CGI application.
VALUE: will display its contents as the default value.
110. 110
<TITLE>Form_Text_Type</TITLE>
</HEAD> <BODY>
<h1> <font color=blue>Please enter the following
bioData</font></h1>
<FORM name="fome1" Method= " get " Action= " URL " >
First Name: <INPUT TYPE="TEXT" NAME="FName"
SIZE="15" MAXLENGTH="25"><BR>
Last Name: <INPUT TYPE="TEXT" NAME="LName"
SIZE="15" MAXLENGTH="25"><BR>
Nationality: <INPUT TYPE="TEXT" NAME="Country"
SIZE="25" MAXLENGTH="25"><BR>
The Phone Number: <INPUT TYPE="TEXT" NAME="Phone"
SIZE="15" MAXLENGTH="12"><BR>
</FORM> </BODY> </HTML>
Example on Text Box
112. 112
Password: Used to allow entry of passwords.
<INPUT TYPE= " PASSWORD " >
Browser will display
Text typed in a password box is starred out in the browser
display.
Password boxes use the following attributes:
TYPE: password.
SIZE: determines the size of the textbox in characters.
MAXLENGHT: determines the maximum size of the
password in characters.
NAME: is the name of the variable to be sent to the CGI
application.
VALUE: is usually blank.
Password
115. 115
Hidden: Used to send data to the CGI
application that you don’t want the web surfer to
see, change or have to enter but is necessary for
the application to process the form correctly.
<INPUT TYPE=“HIDDEN”>
Nothing is displayed in the browser.
Hidden inputs have the following attributes:
TYPE: hidden.
NAME: is the name of the variable to be sent to
the CGI application.
VALUE: is usually set a value expected by the
CGI application.
Hidden
116. 116
Check Box
Check Box: Check boxes allow the users to select
more than one option.
<INPUT TYPE=“CHECKBOX”>
Browser will display
Checkboxes have the following attributes:
TYPE: checkbox.
CHECKED: is blank or CHECKED as the initial
status.
NAME: is the name of the variable to be sent to the
CGI application.
VALUE: is usually set to a value.
119. 119
Radio Button: Radio buttons allow the users to select
only one option.
<INPUT TYPE=“RADIO”>
Browser will display
Radio buttons have the following attributes:
TYPE: radio.
CHECKED: is blank or CHECKED as the initial
status. Only one radio button can be
checked
NAME: is the name of the variable to be sent to the
CGI application.
VALUE: usually has a set value.
Radio Button
124. 124
Push Button: This element would be used with
JavaScript to cause an action to take place.
<INPUT TYPE=“BUTTON”>
Browser will display
Push Button has the following attributes:
TYPE: button.
NAME: is the name of the button to be used
in scripting.
VALUE: determines the text label on the button.
Push Button
125. 125
<DIV align=center><BR><BR>
<FORM>
<FONT Color=red>
<h1>Press Here to see a baby crying:<BR>
<INPUT TYPE="button"
VALUE="PressMe"><BR><BR>
<FONT Color=blue>
Click Here to see a baby shouting:<BR>
<INPUT TYPE="button" VALUE="ClickMe" >
<BR><BR>
<FONT Color=green>
Hit Here to see a baby eating:<BR>
<INPUT TYPE="button" VALUE="HitME" > <BR><BR>
<FONT Color=yellow>
</FORM></DIV>
127. 127
Submit: Every set of Form tags requires a Submit
button. This is the element causes the browser to
send the names and values of the other elements to
the CGI Application specified by the ACTION
attribute of the FORM element.
<INPUT TYPE=“SUBMIT”>
The browser will display
Submit has the following attributes:
TYPE: submit.
NAME: value used by the CGI script for processing.
VALUE: determines the text label on the button,
usually Submit Query.
Submit Button
128. 128
<FORM Action="URL" method="get">
First Name: <INPUT TYPE="TEXT" Size=25
name="firstName"><BR>
Family Name: <INPUT TYPE="TEXT" Size=25
name="LastName"><BR>
<BR>
<FONT Color=red>
Press Here to submit the data:<BR>
<INPUT TYPE="submit" VALUE="SubmitData " >
</FORM>
130. 130
Reset Button
• Reset: It is a good idea to include one of
these for each form where users are entering
data. It allows the surfer to clear all the input
in the form.
• <INPUT TYPE=“RESET”>
• Browser will display
•
• Reset buttons have the following attributes:
• TYPE: reset.
• VALUE: determines the text label on the
button, usually Reset.
131. 131
<FORM Action="URL" method="get">
First Name: <INPUT TYPE="TEXT" Size=25
name="firstName"> <BR>
Family Name: <INPUT TYPE="TEXT" Size=25
name="LastName"><BR>
<BR>
<FONT Color = red>
<STRONG><font size=5>Press Here to submit
the data:</font></STRONG><BR>
<INPUT TYPE="submit" VALUE="SubmitData">
<INPUT TYPE="RESET" VALUE="Reset">
</FORM>
133. 133
Image Submit Button
Image Submit Button: Allows you to substitute
an image for the standard submit button.
<INPUT TYPE=“IMAGE” SRC=“jordan.gif”>
Image submit button has the following attributes:
TYPE: Image.
NAME: is the name of the button to be used in
scripting.
SRC: URL of the Image file.
135. 135
• File Upload: You can use a file upload to allow surfers to
upload files to your web server.
• <INPUT TYPE=“FILE”>
• Browser will display
• File Upload has the following attributes:
• TYPE: file.
• SIZE: is the size of the text box in characters.
• NAME: is the name of the variable to be sent to the
CGI application.
• MAXLENGHT: is the maximum size of the input in the
textbox in characters.
File
137. 137
Other Elements used in Forms
<TEXTAREA></TEXTAREA>: is an element
that allows for free form text entry.
Browser will display
Textarea has the following attributes:
NAME: is the name of the variable to be sent
to the CGI application.
ROWS: the number of rows to the textbox.
COLS: the number of columns to the textbox.
138. 138
<BODY bgcolor=lightblue>
<form>
<TEXTAREA COLS=40 ROWS=20
Name="comments" >
From observing the apathy of those
about me during flag raising I
concluded that patriotism if not
actually on the decline is at least
in a state of dormancy.
Written by Khaled Al-Fagih
</TEXTAREA>:
</form>
</BODY>
142. 142
Other Elements used in Forms
The two following examples are
<SELECT></SELECT> elements, where the
attributes are set differently.
The Select elements attributes are:
NAME: is the name of the variable to be sent
to the CGI application.
SIZE: this sets the number of visible choices.
MULTIPLE: the presence of this attribute
signifies that the user can make multiple
selections. By default only one selection is
allowed.
143. 143
<BODY bgcolor=lightblue>
<form>
Select the cities you have visited:
<SELECT name=“list” size=5>
<option> London</option>
<option> Tokyo</option>
<option> Paris</option>
<option> New York</option>
<option> LA</option>
<option> KL</option>
</SELECT>
</form>
</BODY>
145. 145
Other Elements used in Forms
Drop Down List:
Name: is the name of the variable to be sent
to the CGI application.
Size: 1.
146. 146
Other Elements used in Forms
List Box:
Name: is the name of the variable to be
sent to the CGI application.
SIZE: is greater than one.
147. 147
Other Elements used in Forms
Option
The list items are added to the <SELECT>
element by inserting <OPTION></OPTION>
elements.
The Option Element’s attributes are:
SELECTED: When this attribute is present,
the option is selected when the document is
initially loaded. It is an error for more than
one option to be selected.
VALUE: Specifies the value the variable
named in the select element.
148. 148
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<h2><font color=blue>What type of Computer do you
have?</font><h2>
<FORM>
<SELECT NAME="ComputerType" size=4>
<OPTION value="IBM" SELECTED> IBM</OPTION>
<OPTION value="INTEL"> INTEL</OPTION>
<OPTION value=" Apple"> Apple</OPTION>
<OPTION value="Compaq"> Compaq</OPTION>
</SELECT>
</FORM></BODY></HTML>