A near miss is an undesirable event that did not result in injury or damage but had the potential to do so. There are three main types of fall protection systems: guardrail systems, safety net systems, and personal fall arrest systems like body harnesses. Confined spaces pose hazards like oxygen deficiency, toxic gases, engulfment, and electrocution. Proper permits, training, monitoring, and rescue procedures are required for entry. Scaffolding and ladders require inspection, tagging, and fall protection to be used safely at heights above 1.8 meters.
This document discusses confined space entry and safety. It defines a confined space as a space large enough for entry, with limited means of entry/exit, not meant for continuous occupancy. Examples include boilers, sewers and bins. Hazards include oxygen deficiency, toxic gases, engulfment and process hazards. Proper entry procedures require isolating, ventilating and testing the atmosphere of the space, using permits and attendants to monitor entrants. Rescue procedures and emergency planning are also vital parts of safe confined space work.
Visitors SHE Induction Presentation 2016Chris Morris
The document provides an induction for a construction site. It summarizes the following key points in 3 sentences:
The document outlines the legal health and safety requirements for the construction site, including providing training and ensuring workers use proper protective equipment. It also details various hazards on site like working at heights, electricity, and chemicals. The induction covers emergency procedures, incident reporting, and use of personal protective equipment like hard hats and safety shoes.
A work permit document outlines the type of work, location, equipment, time required, hazards, and safety precautions for a task. There are various types of work permits including hot work, cold work, chemical/acid work, work at height, excavation, electrical, confined space, vehicular/earthmoving equipment, and radiology permits. Hot work permits cover tasks involving heat, fire or sparks like welding, cutting, drilling, grinding, and sandblasting. Each task outlines its hazards like burns, sparks, fumes, and required safety equipment like fire extinguishers, protective clothing, ventilation and more.
General Safety Presentationupdated 04842993 1debandleigh
The document outlines various workplace safety guidelines and procedures. It discusses the importance of working safely, proper personal protective equipment, emergency evacuation plans, safe operation of equipment like forklifts, identifying and avoiding death zones, lockout/tagout procedures, hazard communication, and medical emergencies. Disciplinary action may result from disregarding safety rules.
Lifting of heavy objects requires proper rigging techniques and equipment to prevent accidents. Correct rigging uses slings, ropes, chains, hooks, shackles and other tools to securely lift and move loads. Regular inspection of all rigging components is important, as wear and defects can compromise safety if not addressed. Proper slinging techniques like choker and basket hitches are necessary to control loads. Calculations must ensure rigging gear is not overloaded.
The health and safety in the workplace are designed to create the awareness of key health and safety issues found in the workplace as well as the role you will play in ensuring yours as well as other’s safety. The program offers the skills and knowledge required to start a career in the field of health and safety.
INCIDENT INVESTIGATION REPORT
(To be submitted to the HSEQ Corporate Office within 7 days of incident.)
1. Project Information:
Project Name: Click here to enter text.
Report No.: Click here to enter text.
Project Location: Click here to enter text.
Property No.: Click here to enter text.
☐ Fatality ☐ Major Incident ☐ Minor Incident
2. Describe the Incident in detail:
Answer who, what, why, where, when & how in this section: (Attach additional pages if required)
Click here to enter text.
☐ Photos Attached
3. Incident Root Causes:
Describe direct, indirect & root cause: (Attach additional pages if required)
Click here to enter text.
4. Key Corrective Actions to Prevent Recurrence:
Describe the corrective actions with timeframe: (Attach additional pages if required)
Click here to enter text.
5. Key Corrections Taken Immediately after the Incident:
Attach additional pages if more space is required:
Click here to enter text.
6. Witnesses:
I declare that I witnessed the incident and the information provided above is true, correct and complete.
No. Name Designation Signature Date
1. Click here to enter text.
Click here to enter text.
Click here to enter text.
2. Click here to enter text.
Click here to enter text.
Click here to enter text.
7. Incident Information:
Initial Incident Report No.: Click here to enter text.
Date Reported: Click here to enter text.
Date of Incident: Click here to enter text.
Time of Incident: Click here to enter text.
Type of Incident: ☐ Near Miss
☐ Major Environmental Incident
☐ Serious Dangerous Occurrence
☐ Equipment / Property Damage
☐ Medical Treatment Case (MTC)
☐ Restricted Work Case (RWC)
☐ Lost Workday Case (LWC)
☐ Serious Occupational Illness/Disease
☐ Class 1 Injuries
☐ Permanent Partial Disability (PPD)
☐ Permanent Total Disability (PTD)
☐ Fatality (F)
Recordkeeping: ☐ Reportable ☐ Recordable
Incident Location on Site: Click here to enter text.
Applicable Reports: ☐ Police
☐ Medical
☐ Other (Specify)
Click here to enter text.
Attached: ☐ Yes ☐ No
☐ Yes ☐ No
☐ Yes ☐ No
8. Injured Person’s Personal Details:
In case of an incident with more than one injured person, complete the information for each person using separate forms.
Name: Click here to enter text.
Occupation: Click here to enter text.
Company: Click here to enter text.
MB / Oracle No.: Click here to enter text.
Nationality: Click here to enter text.
Date of Birth: Click here to enter text.
Passport Number: Click here to enter text.
Length of Service: Click here to enter text.
Gender: ☐ Male ☐ Female
Labour Card No.: Click here to enter text.
9. Incident Causes Details: To be supported with factual evidence
Immediate Cause
(Unsafe Acts) ☐ Failure to secure
☐ Failure to warn
☐ Removing / Defeating Safety Devices
☐
This document provides a hazard identification and risk assessment for welding work being conducted at a project site in Versova, Mumbai. It identifies several hazards associated with welding including electric shock, fire, health issues from fumes and sparks, and improper use of equipment. For each hazard, it evaluates the severity and likelihood of risks. It also identifies applicable legal requirements and provides control measures to reduce risks. Controls include inspection of equipment, use of protective gear like face shields, isolating work areas, training workers, and ensuring only authorized personnel conduct welding. The overall risk level is determined to be "acceptable and non-significant" when proper controls are implemented.
This document discusses confined space entry and safety. It defines a confined space as a space large enough for entry, with limited means of entry/exit, not meant for continuous occupancy. Examples include boilers, sewers and bins. Hazards include oxygen deficiency, toxic gases, engulfment and process hazards. Proper entry procedures require isolating, ventilating and testing the atmosphere of the space, using permits and attendants to monitor entrants. Rescue procedures and emergency planning are also vital parts of safe confined space work.
Visitors SHE Induction Presentation 2016Chris Morris
The document provides an induction for a construction site. It summarizes the following key points in 3 sentences:
The document outlines the legal health and safety requirements for the construction site, including providing training and ensuring workers use proper protective equipment. It also details various hazards on site like working at heights, electricity, and chemicals. The induction covers emergency procedures, incident reporting, and use of personal protective equipment like hard hats and safety shoes.
A work permit document outlines the type of work, location, equipment, time required, hazards, and safety precautions for a task. There are various types of work permits including hot work, cold work, chemical/acid work, work at height, excavation, electrical, confined space, vehicular/earthmoving equipment, and radiology permits. Hot work permits cover tasks involving heat, fire or sparks like welding, cutting, drilling, grinding, and sandblasting. Each task outlines its hazards like burns, sparks, fumes, and required safety equipment like fire extinguishers, protective clothing, ventilation and more.
General Safety Presentationupdated 04842993 1debandleigh
The document outlines various workplace safety guidelines and procedures. It discusses the importance of working safely, proper personal protective equipment, emergency evacuation plans, safe operation of equipment like forklifts, identifying and avoiding death zones, lockout/tagout procedures, hazard communication, and medical emergencies. Disciplinary action may result from disregarding safety rules.
Lifting of heavy objects requires proper rigging techniques and equipment to prevent accidents. Correct rigging uses slings, ropes, chains, hooks, shackles and other tools to securely lift and move loads. Regular inspection of all rigging components is important, as wear and defects can compromise safety if not addressed. Proper slinging techniques like choker and basket hitches are necessary to control loads. Calculations must ensure rigging gear is not overloaded.
The health and safety in the workplace are designed to create the awareness of key health and safety issues found in the workplace as well as the role you will play in ensuring yours as well as other’s safety. The program offers the skills and knowledge required to start a career in the field of health and safety.
INCIDENT INVESTIGATION REPORT
(To be submitted to the HSEQ Corporate Office within 7 days of incident.)
1. Project Information:
Project Name: Click here to enter text.
Report No.: Click here to enter text.
Project Location: Click here to enter text.
Property No.: Click here to enter text.
☐ Fatality ☐ Major Incident ☐ Minor Incident
2. Describe the Incident in detail:
Answer who, what, why, where, when & how in this section: (Attach additional pages if required)
Click here to enter text.
☐ Photos Attached
3. Incident Root Causes:
Describe direct, indirect & root cause: (Attach additional pages if required)
Click here to enter text.
4. Key Corrective Actions to Prevent Recurrence:
Describe the corrective actions with timeframe: (Attach additional pages if required)
Click here to enter text.
5. Key Corrections Taken Immediately after the Incident:
Attach additional pages if more space is required:
Click here to enter text.
6. Witnesses:
I declare that I witnessed the incident and the information provided above is true, correct and complete.
No. Name Designation Signature Date
1. Click here to enter text.
Click here to enter text.
Click here to enter text.
2. Click here to enter text.
Click here to enter text.
Click here to enter text.
7. Incident Information:
Initial Incident Report No.: Click here to enter text.
Date Reported: Click here to enter text.
Date of Incident: Click here to enter text.
Time of Incident: Click here to enter text.
Type of Incident: ☐ Near Miss
☐ Major Environmental Incident
☐ Serious Dangerous Occurrence
☐ Equipment / Property Damage
☐ Medical Treatment Case (MTC)
☐ Restricted Work Case (RWC)
☐ Lost Workday Case (LWC)
☐ Serious Occupational Illness/Disease
☐ Class 1 Injuries
☐ Permanent Partial Disability (PPD)
☐ Permanent Total Disability (PTD)
☐ Fatality (F)
Recordkeeping: ☐ Reportable ☐ Recordable
Incident Location on Site: Click here to enter text.
Applicable Reports: ☐ Police
☐ Medical
☐ Other (Specify)
Click here to enter text.
Attached: ☐ Yes ☐ No
☐ Yes ☐ No
☐ Yes ☐ No
8. Injured Person’s Personal Details:
In case of an incident with more than one injured person, complete the information for each person using separate forms.
Name: Click here to enter text.
Occupation: Click here to enter text.
Company: Click here to enter text.
MB / Oracle No.: Click here to enter text.
Nationality: Click here to enter text.
Date of Birth: Click here to enter text.
Passport Number: Click here to enter text.
Length of Service: Click here to enter text.
Gender: ☐ Male ☐ Female
Labour Card No.: Click here to enter text.
9. Incident Causes Details: To be supported with factual evidence
Immediate Cause
(Unsafe Acts) ☐ Failure to secure
☐ Failure to warn
☐ Removing / Defeating Safety Devices
☐
This document provides a hazard identification and risk assessment for welding work being conducted at a project site in Versova, Mumbai. It identifies several hazards associated with welding including electric shock, fire, health issues from fumes and sparks, and improper use of equipment. For each hazard, it evaluates the severity and likelihood of risks. It also identifies applicable legal requirements and provides control measures to reduce risks. Controls include inspection of equipment, use of protective gear like face shields, isolating work areas, training workers, and ensuring only authorized personnel conduct welding. The overall risk level is determined to be "acceptable and non-significant" when proper controls are implemented.
Safety committees play an important role in workplaces by providing central oversight of safety programs, acting as a sounding board for safety issues, and coordinating safety training. An effective safety committee encourages safety awareness, gets employees involved in the safety program, and provides a mechanism for identifying and addressing hazards early. Organizations should define the responsibilities and duties of the committee, such as reporting unsafe conditions, conducting inspections, investigating accidents, and holding regular meetings. Training committee members in their specific roles is important for the committee to be effective.
This document discusses lockout/tagout procedures for working on hazardous equipment. It covers who needs training in lockout/tagout, what hazardous energy is, the different types of lockout devices, tag requirements, and required lockout procedures. The procedures involve notifying affected employees, shutting down and isolating equipment, attaching lockout devices, releasing stored energy, and verifying isolation before starting maintenance. Examples of lockout devices include locks for electrical panels and plugs, blanks for pipes, and blocks for presses. Tags are only for information and don't provide the protection of lockout devices.
Permit To Work
Types of Permit To Work
Hot Work Permit
Confined Space Entry Permit
Electrical Permit
Excavation Permit
Radiography Permit
Crane Critical Lifts Permit
Man Basket Operation
Permit Issuer Responsibilities
Permit Receiver Responsibilities
HSE Permit Coordinator
Responsibilities
Revalidation of the Permit
Work Permit Flow Chart
Definition ,explanation, Examples, Reporting & Investigation formats, in house designed Online nearmiss reporting portal with analytical features & Near miss incident cases
This document outlines the steps for developing an effective emergency response and preparedness (ERP) plan. It discusses forming a safety committee, assessing hazards, developing emergency procedures, training staff, and evaluating and updating the plan. Key elements of an ERP include conducting vulnerability assessments, establishing chain of command, training emergency response teams, implementing alarm and communication systems, installing suppression systems, planning evacuations, and designating emergency medical facilities. The goal of an ERP is to minimize impacts of emergencies by protecting lives and property through preparedness and coordinated response.
The document outlines general safety requirements for a construction site. It covers topics like safety vision and objectives, site rules, personal protective equipment, welfare facilities, reporting incidents, emergency procedures, safety inspections, training, and motivation. It also discusses common workplace hazards like housekeeping, fire, working at heights, electricity, and manual handling and provides solutions to address them. The overall purpose is to establish safety policies and procedures to protect workers' health and safety at the construction site.
Here are the answers to the quick quiz:
- Anchorages must be 5,000 lbs.
- Fall arrest forces for harnessing shall not exceed 1,800 lbs.
- The best in the hierarchy of fall protection is elimination.
- Covers must hold twice the anticipated load.
- Free fall over 24 inches is not allowed in work positioning.
The document discusses safe permits to work and provides examples of when they are required. It describes permits for hot work, confined space entry, excavations, and other hazardous jobs. Safe permits are used to identify hazards, require precautions, and protect workers from injury or accidents. Managers, supervisors and appointed persons are responsible for issuing permits and ensuring safety procedures are followed.
This document provides an overview of health and safety policies and procedures for an organization. It outlines roles and responsibilities, key risks to be aware of, fire evacuation procedures, and what to do in the event of an emergency. Employees and learners are responsible for working safely, reporting any issues, and knowing who to contact for assistance. Managers must ensure safety policies are followed and that staff have the proper training and equipment to perform their roles safely.
The document outlines regulatory requirements and best practices for spill prevention, control, and emergency response. It discusses using proper containers and storage, training, and secondary containment to prevent spills. Emergency response plans should establish personnel roles, communication, and procedures for evacuation, decontamination, and medical treatment. The spill response leader is responsible for overall command and coordination with authorities, and must be clearly designated in the written plan. Post-incident evaluation includes determining the cause and lessons learned.
This presentation outlines the purpose of an ER mock drill and how to go about planning, implementing and reviewing tabletop exercises and live drills to better educate and prepare your team for a real-world emergency.
The document outlines a workshop on hazard identification and control. It discusses identifying hazards, exposure, root causes of accidents, and controlling hazards. It covers inspection, observation, job hazard analysis, incident investigation, risk analysis, and continual improvement of safety management systems. The overall goals are to explore effective hazard identification and control programs and discuss the identification and control process.
The document discusses machine guarding and safeguarding to prevent injuries from machinery. It notes that any machine part that could cause injury must be safeguarded, including the point of operation and moving parts. Various types of safeguards are described such as fixed guards, interlocked guards, pullback devices, and gates. Requirements for effective safeguards include preventing contact with hazards, being secure and not interfering with work. Management must ensure machinery is properly guarded and employees are trained on safeguard use and hazard prevention.
This document outlines Tulsa Community College's emergency response training and protocols. It describes four types of emergency responses: lockout, lockdown, evacuate, and shelter. For each response, it provides examples of incidents that would require that response and steps to take during the emergency. The lockout secures the perimeter when there is a threat outside. Lockdown requires barricading inside classrooms for threats inside. Evacuate moves people from one location to another. Shelter provides protection from threats like tornadoes. An active shooter could require running, hiding, or fighting as well as initiating lockout, lockdown, evacuate or shelter. The document stresses emergency preparedness and mental preparation in advance.
This risk assessment document evaluates the hazards associated with confined space work. It identifies risks such as exposure to live underground utilities, toxic gases, flooding, and restricted evacuation. Initial risks are rated as high. Control measures are outlined to reduce risks, such as obtaining permits, gas monitoring, ventilation, restricted hot works, lifelines, and rescue drills. Residual risks are rated as low when all controls are followed. Additional measures like supervisor monitoring and calibrated gas detectors are recommended to ensure safety protocols are strictly adhered to for confined space work.
Three key points from the document:
1. Safety is important to prevent accidents in the workplace caused by negligence, poor training, unsafe equipment or behaviors. Most accidents follow a pattern of lack of management controls, unsafe acts or conditions, and result in losses.
2. Employers and employees have legal duties under health and safety laws to protect workers and others from risks. This includes conducting risk assessments, implementing controls, providing training, and following safe systems of work.
3. Ignoring safety risks and procedures is against the law and can lead to prosecution, fines, injuries or even death for those involved and affected. All workers are responsible for keeping themselves and others safe by raising concerns and following safety rules.
Emergency Response Training has been implemented to many corporate giants and are being used by some of my counter parts. This programme involves earth quake, fire fighting, tsunami, armed intruder and bomb threat. The second version of this programme is called Workplace Emergency Preparedness Training (WEPT) soon will be launched in this Slide Share
This document discusses behavior-based safety (BBS), which focuses on observing and providing feedback on workers' safety behaviors to improve workplace safety. It outlines the key aspects of a BBS approach, including identifying critical safety behaviors, observing employees performing tasks, setting goals, and providing timely feedback. Distinct elements that impact safety are identified as human attributes, work environment, and behaviors. Common unsafe behaviors are also listed. The document emphasizes that to achieve zero accidents, safety culture and behaviors must change through a BBS process involving identifying issues, analyzing root causes, developing action plans, implementation, and follow-up.
The document outlines requirements and regulations regarding mobile cranes, slings, rigging safety, and machinery in Malaysia. Some key points include:
- The Factory and Machinery Act of 1967 provides for control of factories regarding safety, health and welfare and inspection/registration of machinery.
- A hoisting machine is defined as equipment used for lifting loads like cranes.
- Certificates of fitness are required for covered machinery and must be maintained. Occupiers must maintain safety appliances and machinery.
- Training must be provided to operators of covered equipment like cranes.
- Designs, manufacturing and safety features of hoisting machines must be approved. Testing is also required.
This document provides a job hazard analysis for the foundation work of the De-Ethanizer section, which includes various tasks like excavation, formwork assembly, concrete pouring, and surveying. It identifies hazards associated with each task such as slips/trips/falls, pinch points, equipment strikes, and exposures to chemicals, dust, and noise. Control measures are outlined like using proper PPE, barricades, spotters, and ensuring equipment is in good working order. Emergency procedures are also described for injuries or gas releases.
The document discusses sources of radiation, natural and man-made, and outlines safety procedures for radiography operations. It notes that radiation comes from cosmic, terrestrial, and internal sources. For radiography work, safety equipment like dosimeters, barricades, signs, and certified radiography workers are required to limit exposure and ensure safe operation. Regular monitoring and training are also needed to protect radiography workers.
Safety committees play an important role in workplaces by providing central oversight of safety programs, acting as a sounding board for safety issues, and coordinating safety training. An effective safety committee encourages safety awareness, gets employees involved in the safety program, and provides a mechanism for identifying and addressing hazards early. Organizations should define the responsibilities and duties of the committee, such as reporting unsafe conditions, conducting inspections, investigating accidents, and holding regular meetings. Training committee members in their specific roles is important for the committee to be effective.
This document discusses lockout/tagout procedures for working on hazardous equipment. It covers who needs training in lockout/tagout, what hazardous energy is, the different types of lockout devices, tag requirements, and required lockout procedures. The procedures involve notifying affected employees, shutting down and isolating equipment, attaching lockout devices, releasing stored energy, and verifying isolation before starting maintenance. Examples of lockout devices include locks for electrical panels and plugs, blanks for pipes, and blocks for presses. Tags are only for information and don't provide the protection of lockout devices.
Permit To Work
Types of Permit To Work
Hot Work Permit
Confined Space Entry Permit
Electrical Permit
Excavation Permit
Radiography Permit
Crane Critical Lifts Permit
Man Basket Operation
Permit Issuer Responsibilities
Permit Receiver Responsibilities
HSE Permit Coordinator
Responsibilities
Revalidation of the Permit
Work Permit Flow Chart
Definition ,explanation, Examples, Reporting & Investigation formats, in house designed Online nearmiss reporting portal with analytical features & Near miss incident cases
This document outlines the steps for developing an effective emergency response and preparedness (ERP) plan. It discusses forming a safety committee, assessing hazards, developing emergency procedures, training staff, and evaluating and updating the plan. Key elements of an ERP include conducting vulnerability assessments, establishing chain of command, training emergency response teams, implementing alarm and communication systems, installing suppression systems, planning evacuations, and designating emergency medical facilities. The goal of an ERP is to minimize impacts of emergencies by protecting lives and property through preparedness and coordinated response.
The document outlines general safety requirements for a construction site. It covers topics like safety vision and objectives, site rules, personal protective equipment, welfare facilities, reporting incidents, emergency procedures, safety inspections, training, and motivation. It also discusses common workplace hazards like housekeeping, fire, working at heights, electricity, and manual handling and provides solutions to address them. The overall purpose is to establish safety policies and procedures to protect workers' health and safety at the construction site.
Here are the answers to the quick quiz:
- Anchorages must be 5,000 lbs.
- Fall arrest forces for harnessing shall not exceed 1,800 lbs.
- The best in the hierarchy of fall protection is elimination.
- Covers must hold twice the anticipated load.
- Free fall over 24 inches is not allowed in work positioning.
The document discusses safe permits to work and provides examples of when they are required. It describes permits for hot work, confined space entry, excavations, and other hazardous jobs. Safe permits are used to identify hazards, require precautions, and protect workers from injury or accidents. Managers, supervisors and appointed persons are responsible for issuing permits and ensuring safety procedures are followed.
This document provides an overview of health and safety policies and procedures for an organization. It outlines roles and responsibilities, key risks to be aware of, fire evacuation procedures, and what to do in the event of an emergency. Employees and learners are responsible for working safely, reporting any issues, and knowing who to contact for assistance. Managers must ensure safety policies are followed and that staff have the proper training and equipment to perform their roles safely.
The document outlines regulatory requirements and best practices for spill prevention, control, and emergency response. It discusses using proper containers and storage, training, and secondary containment to prevent spills. Emergency response plans should establish personnel roles, communication, and procedures for evacuation, decontamination, and medical treatment. The spill response leader is responsible for overall command and coordination with authorities, and must be clearly designated in the written plan. Post-incident evaluation includes determining the cause and lessons learned.
This presentation outlines the purpose of an ER mock drill and how to go about planning, implementing and reviewing tabletop exercises and live drills to better educate and prepare your team for a real-world emergency.
The document outlines a workshop on hazard identification and control. It discusses identifying hazards, exposure, root causes of accidents, and controlling hazards. It covers inspection, observation, job hazard analysis, incident investigation, risk analysis, and continual improvement of safety management systems. The overall goals are to explore effective hazard identification and control programs and discuss the identification and control process.
The document discusses machine guarding and safeguarding to prevent injuries from machinery. It notes that any machine part that could cause injury must be safeguarded, including the point of operation and moving parts. Various types of safeguards are described such as fixed guards, interlocked guards, pullback devices, and gates. Requirements for effective safeguards include preventing contact with hazards, being secure and not interfering with work. Management must ensure machinery is properly guarded and employees are trained on safeguard use and hazard prevention.
This document outlines Tulsa Community College's emergency response training and protocols. It describes four types of emergency responses: lockout, lockdown, evacuate, and shelter. For each response, it provides examples of incidents that would require that response and steps to take during the emergency. The lockout secures the perimeter when there is a threat outside. Lockdown requires barricading inside classrooms for threats inside. Evacuate moves people from one location to another. Shelter provides protection from threats like tornadoes. An active shooter could require running, hiding, or fighting as well as initiating lockout, lockdown, evacuate or shelter. The document stresses emergency preparedness and mental preparation in advance.
This risk assessment document evaluates the hazards associated with confined space work. It identifies risks such as exposure to live underground utilities, toxic gases, flooding, and restricted evacuation. Initial risks are rated as high. Control measures are outlined to reduce risks, such as obtaining permits, gas monitoring, ventilation, restricted hot works, lifelines, and rescue drills. Residual risks are rated as low when all controls are followed. Additional measures like supervisor monitoring and calibrated gas detectors are recommended to ensure safety protocols are strictly adhered to for confined space work.
Three key points from the document:
1. Safety is important to prevent accidents in the workplace caused by negligence, poor training, unsafe equipment or behaviors. Most accidents follow a pattern of lack of management controls, unsafe acts or conditions, and result in losses.
2. Employers and employees have legal duties under health and safety laws to protect workers and others from risks. This includes conducting risk assessments, implementing controls, providing training, and following safe systems of work.
3. Ignoring safety risks and procedures is against the law and can lead to prosecution, fines, injuries or even death for those involved and affected. All workers are responsible for keeping themselves and others safe by raising concerns and following safety rules.
Emergency Response Training has been implemented to many corporate giants and are being used by some of my counter parts. This programme involves earth quake, fire fighting, tsunami, armed intruder and bomb threat. The second version of this programme is called Workplace Emergency Preparedness Training (WEPT) soon will be launched in this Slide Share
This document discusses behavior-based safety (BBS), which focuses on observing and providing feedback on workers' safety behaviors to improve workplace safety. It outlines the key aspects of a BBS approach, including identifying critical safety behaviors, observing employees performing tasks, setting goals, and providing timely feedback. Distinct elements that impact safety are identified as human attributes, work environment, and behaviors. Common unsafe behaviors are also listed. The document emphasizes that to achieve zero accidents, safety culture and behaviors must change through a BBS process involving identifying issues, analyzing root causes, developing action plans, implementation, and follow-up.
The document outlines requirements and regulations regarding mobile cranes, slings, rigging safety, and machinery in Malaysia. Some key points include:
- The Factory and Machinery Act of 1967 provides for control of factories regarding safety, health and welfare and inspection/registration of machinery.
- A hoisting machine is defined as equipment used for lifting loads like cranes.
- Certificates of fitness are required for covered machinery and must be maintained. Occupiers must maintain safety appliances and machinery.
- Training must be provided to operators of covered equipment like cranes.
- Designs, manufacturing and safety features of hoisting machines must be approved. Testing is also required.
This document provides a job hazard analysis for the foundation work of the De-Ethanizer section, which includes various tasks like excavation, formwork assembly, concrete pouring, and surveying. It identifies hazards associated with each task such as slips/trips/falls, pinch points, equipment strikes, and exposures to chemicals, dust, and noise. Control measures are outlined like using proper PPE, barricades, spotters, and ensuring equipment is in good working order. Emergency procedures are also described for injuries or gas releases.
The document discusses sources of radiation, natural and man-made, and outlines safety procedures for radiography operations. It notes that radiation comes from cosmic, terrestrial, and internal sources. For radiography work, safety equipment like dosimeters, barricades, signs, and certified radiography workers are required to limit exposure and ensure safe operation. Regular monitoring and training are also needed to protect radiography workers.
The document defines various terms related to work permits and safety procedures in Saudi Aramco. It provides definitions for work permits, confined spaces, excavation, lifting, scaffolding, fire safety, gas monitoring, and emergency response. It also lists common abbreviations used in safety documentation like JSA, PPE, LOTO, and PASS.
David Woolgar provides an overview of DSEAR regulations regarding dangerous substances and explosive atmospheres. Key points include:
- DSEAR regulations were introduced to transpose EU ATEX directives into UK law regarding protection of workers from explosive atmospheres.
- Site owners must identify dangerous substances, conduct risk assessments to classify hazardous zones, and take measures to reduce risk such as proper equipment, ventilation, and ignition control.
- Equipment used in hazardous areas must be certified as suitable for the zone and properly maintained according to standards to prevent explosions.
- Training, documentation, and management of hazardous areas and equipment is required to ensure compliance.
This Job Hazard Analysis document summarizes the planned work of executing foundations for new LPG chloride treaters and a de-ethanizer section at an oil and gas facility in Angola. The work involves several steps, including pavement demolition, excavation, formwork assembly, rebar installation, concrete pouring, and backfilling. Hazards identified include pinch points, falling materials, slips and trips, electrical shock, dust and noise exposure. Controls specified are proper PPE, housekeeping, inspections of tools and equipment, fall protection barriers, and designating a first aid responder on site.
A explained presentation on fire and explosion hazard and their prevention in pharmaceutical and other chemical industry and transportation of flammable and explosive goods which could be helpful for pharmaceutical and other student who has hazard and there management in their syllabus
JHA06_Installation of Transversal beams in Flare Pipe Rack_Rev00.pdfJESUSBASILIOANTONIO
1. The document provides a job hazard analysis for the installation of transversal beams in a flare pipe rack, outlining 7 key steps of work: scaffolding erection, grinding existing beams, drilling holes, using a mobile elevated work platform, lifting and positioning beams, welding and grinding beam supports, and painting.
2. Hazards identified include falls, flying particles, dust inhalation, fire, electric shock, and injuries from lifting. Controls include fall protection, enclosed grinding, respiratory protection, hot work and electrical permits, inspections of lifting equipment, and delineation of work areas.
3. Emergency procedures are defined, and qualifications for first aid and treatment of injuries are provided. Personal protective equipment requirements
Fire and Gas Detection System_ - Simplified_RevisedGan Chun Chet
The document discusses fire and gas detection systems on offshore platforms. It describes the importance of such systems for safety and explains different types of detection methods that can be implemented, including complete systems, sub-systems, portable detectors, and noise detectors. It also discusses the various components of detection systems like gas detectors using infrared, electrochemical, or catalytic techniques as well as flame detectors using infrared or ultraviolet. Placement of detectors and integration with control systems is also covered at a high level.
This document provides an overview of respiratory protection requirements and programs. It discusses the OSHA regulations on respiratory protection, the types of hazards employees may face, and how the hazard determines the necessary level of protection. It also outlines the key elements of an effective respiratory protection program, including hazard assessments, medical evaluations, fit testing, training, and proper respirator selection, use, and maintenance. The goal is to help employers understand their obligations to protect workers who may be exposed to airborne contaminants.
D32 1 fire protection at welding and cutting_final-webDir Jan
The document discusses fire protection measures for welding and cutting operations. It identifies the main hazards of these operations as flames, sparks, and droplets which can ignite fires. It recommends obtaining permits, preparing work areas, removing combustible materials, installing fire protections, wearing protective equipment, and monitoring work areas after operations to prevent fires and explosions from welding and cutting activities.
This document discusses various industrial hazards and safety measures. It defines industrial safety as reducing risk of injury from industrial dangers. It describes four main types of hazards - fire, chemical, mechanical and electrical. For each hazard, it outlines sources, detection methods, and prevention techniques like proper training, maintenance, protective equipment and safeguards. The objectives of industrial safety are to understand hazard effects, define risk relationships, and learn about toxicity and hazardous substances. Safety is critical in industries to prevent accidents and protect workers.
Thermography is a non-destructive testing method that uses infrared cameras to detect flaws in materials and structures. It can detect a range of defects by observing differences in surface temperatures caused by internal flaws. There are several types of thermography testing, including pulsed thermography, which quickly heats a material's surface and detects defects by observing temperature changes over time using an infrared camera. Thermography has advantages like being able to scan large areas quickly in a non-contact manner, but is limited in penetration depth to only a few millimeters beneath surfaces. It has applications in industries like aerospace, defense, and maintenance to identify issues in components.
This document discusses thermography testing as a non-destructive testing method. It describes how thermography detects infrared radiation emitted from all objects based on their temperature. Defects appear as temperature variations that can be visualized using thermal cameras. There are different thermography techniques including pulsed thermography, lock-in thermography, and vibrothermography. Pulsed thermography involves heating the material with a short pulse and observing defects. Thermography allows for rapid inspection of large areas and can detect defects like delaminations. While it is useful for many applications, it has limitations in penetrating deep within materials.
RISK SCORE CALCULATOR
Use the Risk Score Calculator to Determine the Level of Risk of each Hazard
What would be the
CONSEQUENCE
of an occurrence be? What is the LIKELIHOOD of an occurrence? Hierarchy of Controls
Frequent/Almost certain (5)
Continuous or will happen frequently Often (4)
6 to 12 times a year Likely (3)
1 to 5 times a year Possible (2)
Once every 5 years Rarely (1)
Less than once every 5 years Can the hazard be Eliminated or removed from the work place?
Catastrophic (5)
Multiple Fatalities High 25 High 20 High 15 Medium 10 Medium 5 Can the product or process be substituted for a less hazardous alternative?
Serious (4)
Class 1 single fatality High 20 High 16 High 12 Medium 8 Low 4 Can the hazard be engineered away with guards or barriers?
Moderate (3)
Class2 (AWI or LTI) or Class 1 Permanently disabling effects High 15 High 12 Medium 9 Medium 6 Low 3 Can Administration Controls be adopted
I.e. procedures, job rotation etc.
Minor (2)
Medical attention needed, no work restrictions. MTI Medium10 Medium 8 Medium 6 Low 4 Low 2 Can Personal Protective Equipment & Clothing be worn to safe guard against hazards?
Insignificant (1)
FAI Medium10 Medium 4 Low 3 Low 2 Low 1
Project Name: xxx
RA Ref No.: xxx
RA compilation Date: Review date:
Date:
Compiled by:
Reviewed by:
Approved by:
Overall Task Details
Trial Trenches on site to locate/expose underground services. Use of excavator
Note: Wherever practicable trial trenches shall be hand dug to expose cables
Classed as Temporary Works Relevant Applicable MAS:
• 00246 – Excavations;
• 01413 – Underground services;
• 00940 – Plant Operators. Additional Training required:
Temporary Works Coordinator to be designated NOC’s Required for task:
Dubai Municipality
No Specific Task Step
(In sequence of works) Hazard Details Consequence/Risk Initial Risk Rating Control Measures Residual Risks Additional Control Measures RR
P S RR
1 Planned shallow Excavation (Trial Trench) in areas where live services may be present including:
• Electrical;
• Water;
• Sewerage;
• Gas;
• Telecoms;
PRIOR TO WORKS • Presence of live underground services;
• Services not in area specified on drawings;
• Heavy plant or vehicles accessing work area;
• Presence of unmarked services;
• Risk of explosion due to gas line rupture;
• Risk of flooding of trenches and adjacent areas due to water main damage;
• Risk of electrocution or fire due to cable strike;
• Risk of hazardous waste entering trenches or water systems due to live sewerage damage;
• Risk of damage to low depth underground services from heavy vehicles;
• Risk of vehicles / Plant entering open trenches; 4 3 12
HIGH i. All existing utility service drawings reviewed for known service details and position;
ii. NOC and Utility provider and ATC Excavation permits to be completed, unique number added and recorded in log;
iii. Work Area, including access route for plant, to be CAT scanned to locate exact position of service by competent per
This document provides an overview of ATEX legislation and safety standards for industrial vacuum cleaners intended for use in explosive environments. It discusses how dust and gas explosions can occur and the key factors to prevent them. It outlines the ATEX directive which divides hazardous areas into zones based on the likelihood of an explosive atmosphere. Industrial vacuum cleaners must be certified under the appropriate category for the zone of use. The document then describes Nilfisk's product range of ATEX-certified industrial vacuum cleaners, high-powered vacuums, and centralized vacuum systems designed to meet strict safety standards and legislation for preventing dust and gas explosions. Maintenance of ATEX certified products is also discussed as essential to maintain the safety characteristics over time
A Review Paper On Nuclear S Power Plants SafetyDaphne Smith
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D14 1 personal protective equipment_final-webDir Jan
The document provides an overview of personal protective equipment (PPE). It discusses the different types of PPE including head, eye, hearing, hand, foot, respiratory, and body protection. It provides examples of equipment for each type and guidance on selecting the appropriate PPE for different hazards. The document also discusses an example of PPE requirements for spray varnishing and painting.
It has been concluded that the management of radiation accidents is a very challenging process and that nuclear medicine physicians have to be well organized in.
This document provides an overview of workplace radiation monitoring instruments. It describes the main types as dose rate meters, dosimeters, surface contamination meters, and airborne contamination meters/gas monitors. Dose rate meters directly measure external exposure in units such as microsieverts per hour. Dosimeters measure cumulative external exposure over time in units such as microsieverts. Surface contamination meters detect radioactive material on surfaces that could lead to internal exposure. Airborne contamination meters and gas monitors measure internal exposure from radioactive materials in the air. The document explains the basic purpose and applications of these instrument types for monitoring radiation hazards in the workplace.
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...Open Access Research Paper
The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...Joshua Orris
The incorporation of a 3DCSM and completion of HRSC provided a tool for enhanced, data-driven, decisions to support a change in remediation closure strategies. Currently, an approved pilot study has been obtained to shut-down the remediation systems (ISCO, P&T) and conduct a hydraulic study under non-pumping conditions. A separate micro-biological bench scale treatability study was competed that yielded positive results for an emerging innovative technology. As a result, a field pilot study has commenced with results expected in nine-twelve months. With the results of the hydraulic study, field pilot studies and an updated risk assessment leading site monitoring optimization cost lifecycle savings upwards of $15MM towards an alternatively evolved best available technology remediation closure strategy.
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...Open Access Research Paper
Water polluted by dyestuffs compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent chemical and Physical system from an algae, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle and impregnated with algae with chitosan nanocomposite for the sorption of Malachite green dye from water. The algae with chitosan nanocomposite by a simple method and used as a recyclable and effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Algae, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle and algae with chitosan nanocomposite were characterized using different physicochemical methods. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in algae, chitosan, chitosan algae, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with algae were identified using FTIR, SEM, and TGADTA/DTG techniques. The optimal adsorption conditions, different dosages, pH and Temperature the amount of algae with chitosan nanocomposite were determined. At optimized conditions and the batch equilibrium studies more than 99% of the dye was removed. The adsorption process data matched well kinetics showed that the reaction order for dye varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the algae with chitosan nanocomposite toward malachite green dye reached as high as 15.5mg/g, respectively. Finally, multiple times reusing of algae with chitosan nanocomposite and removing dye from a real wastewater has made it a promising and attractive option for further practical applications.
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...Joshua Orris
Results of geophysics and pneumatic injection pilot tests during 2003 – 2007 yielded significant positive results for injection delivery design and contaminant mass treatment, resulting in permanent shut-down of an existing groundwater Pump & Treat system.
Accessible source areas were subsequently removed (2011) by soil excavation and treated with the placement of Emulsified Vegetable Oil EVO and zero-valent iron ZVI to accelerate treatment of impacted groundwater in overburden and weathered fractured bedrock. Post pilot test and post remediation groundwater monitoring has included analyses of CVOCs, organic fatty acids, dissolved gases and QuantArray® -Chlor to quantify key microorganisms (e.g., Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, etc.) and functional genes (e.g., vinyl chloride reductase, methane monooxygenase, etc.) to assess potential for reductive dechlorination and aerobic cometabolism of CVOCs.
In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...
HSE practicable Questions
1. 1). WHAT IS A NEARMISS?
A Potential hazards, which has not yet caused an accident or an occurrence that did not results in
but have the potentials to results in undesirable consequences to personnel illness injury and or to
the assets damage loss or to the neighboring community and environment.
An Undesirable event which has the potential to cause loss
2.) How many type of Fall Protection system?
(1) Guardrail system,
(2) Safety Net system.
(3)Personal Fall arrest system (BODY HARNESS)
3.) What is the classis of fire and what type of fire extinguishers are used for them?
Class A. Ordinary combustible materials
Example: Wood, Cloth, Plastic, Rubber
Extinguisher- Water, DCP, Foam, CO2, Halon
Class B. Combustible liquids and gases.
Example: Gasoline, Diesel, Oil, Grease, Oil based paint, tar…
Extinguisher- CO2, Foam, DCP
Class C. Energized electrical equipment
Extinguisher - DCP, FM 200, Halon, Carbon dioxide.
Class D: Combustible metals
Example: Magnesium, Potassium, Zinc, Calcium, Titanium
Extinguisher- Metal x-type, Combustatible metal type
4.) WHAT IS WORK PERMIT?
is a written document authorizing a person or a group to perform maintenance, inspections or
2. construction work.
5.) WHAT IS METHOD OF STATEMENT?
It is the documents submitted by contractor to client, covering the general work procedure of a
particular job in safe manners as per required standard..
6). What is Safety?
v Safety is a state where the Risk has been Eliminated or Reduced to an Acceptable Level.
v Control of Accidental Loss of Resources Human and Material
7). What is near-miss?
An undesirable event which has the potential to cause loss
8). WHAT IS CONFINED SPACE?
Any space having a limited means of access and egress, when subject to the hazards like
deficiency of Oxygen, toxic or flammable gases or substances, dust etc.
9). WHAT IS THE OXYGEN LEVEL IN A CONFINED SPACE?
The Oxygen level in Confined space is 19.5% to 23.5%.
10). IN WHAT CIRCUMTANCES A CONFINED SPACE WORK PERMIT CAN BE
ISSUED?
If properly ventilated, gas test reading are satisfactory, properly barricaded and warning signs are
Posted, trained stand by man is present with log sheet, sufficient lightening and low voltage
Electricity (24V-110V), proper means of communication, locked and tagged out if necessary,
lifeline man retrieval System if necessary etc.
11). WHO IS CONFINED SPACE ATTENNDANT?
3. He is one who is aware of the confined space hazards and knows how to react if any thing goes
wrong, able to maintain confined space entry log sheet etc.
12). WHAT ARE THE HAZARDS IN A CONFINED SPACE?
Oxygen Deficiency or Enrichment, presence of toxic or flammable gases, chemical hazards fire
hazards
Fall of materials fall hazards electrocution dust sounds heat or cold caught in between moving
Equipments engulfment etc.
13). WHAT ARE THE DUTIES OF A CONFINED SPACE ATTENDANT?
He is responsible for the safety of entrants, should be present whenever people are working in
confined space, maintain update entry log sheet, maintain continuous communication with
entrants and monitor conditions in the confined space to ensure a safe working atmosphere,
prevent unauthorized personnel, initiate alarm for help if in need evacuate the entrants if
conditions are not satisfying or in case of any general evacuation initiated contact rescue
personnel if necessary etc.
14). GIVE SOME EXAMPLE OF A CONFINED SPACE?
Pipes, Vessels, Tanks, boilers, and Tube areas Silos Trenches and excavation deeper then 4feet
sludge Pits Duct works etc.
15). NAME ONE HAZARDOUS JOB IN A CONFINED SPACE?
Welding Grinding Chemical Use of gas cutting sets erection of materials
16). WHO IS COMPETENT PERSONS?
Is one who is properly trained and authorized to perform a specific work in a safe manner
competent person one who is capable of identifying existing predictable hazards and who has
authority to make prompt corrective actions.
4. 17). WHAT IS ACCIDENT?
Accident is uncontrolled events that results in undesirable consequences to personnel injury,
illness of the assets damage or loss or to the environment.
An Undesirable event which causes harm to personal Damage to property.
18.) HOW MANY TYPE OF PERMITS ARE USED?
v Hot work permit,
v Cold work permit,
v Confined space entry permit,
v Excavation permit,
v Lifting permit,
v Night work permit,
v Radiography permit,
Other permits as per job requirement
19). WHO MAKES AN ACCIDENT REPORT?
Concerned area supervisor or site safety representatives.
20). WHO MAKES AN ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION REPORT?
A team of frontline supervisor, HSE manager sub contractor representatives if subcontractor
personnel
Are injured high officials depending upon the severity of accident.
21). WHAT IS THE USED OF ACCIDENT REPORT?
To find out the root cause of accident makes recommendations to prevent re-occurrence and
evaluate the effectiveness of emergency response.
5. 22). WHAT IS WASTE MANAGEMENT?
Waste management means safely disposing the by-product of a process or a work to the
environment after the proper treatment if necessary so that no threat for living properties and
environment exists.
23). WHAT IS MSDS?
Materials safety data sheets is the documents prepared by the manufacturer giving product name
producer address emergency contact phone number information of ingredients possible hazards
first aid measures precaution to be taken for storage and handling recommended PPE
extinguisher physical and chemical properties etc.
24). WHAT IS ISOTOPE?
Isotope means one or more species of atoms having same atomic number but different mass
number.
25). WHY IS ISOTOPE IS HAXARDOUS?
Isotope are hazardous because it emits uncontrolled energy in the form of radio active waves
which is hazardous to all living things as it can destroy the living tissues that causes fatality or
can convert it to cancer.
26). WHAT IS RADIOGRAPHI?
It is use for welding X¬-rays.
(If the wind velocity is up the 32 km or 20 miles then work should stop.)
27). WHAT IS RADIOACTIVITY?
Radioactivity is the spontaneous disintegration of atomic nucleus emits ALPHA particles BETA
particles or GAMA rays or electromagnetic rays during this process.
28). WHAT IS THE UNIT FOR MEASURING THE RADIATIONS?
6. Micro sever or Mille Rem.
29). IN WHAT CONDITIONS A WORK PERMITS CAN BE ISSUED FOR
RADIOGRAPHY?
The controlled area is calculated evacuated and barricaded with yellow black tapes warning signs
a minimum of 4 no. and red or yellow flash lights.
30). WHAT ARE SAFETY MEASURES TO BE TAKEN WHILE DOING RADOIGRAPHY?
Ensure a competent person is surveying outside the barricaded areas with surveys meters. The
crews are observing and following the safety precautions. The controlled areas is calculated
evacuated and barricaded with yellow black warning signs a minimum of 4no.s and red or yellow
flash lights.
31). WHAT IS THE CONTROLLED AREA?
Any area where the radiations dose is more that 0.75 MREM/h (7.5 Micro sever)
32). WHAT IS A GIEGER METER?
Is the instruments used to measure the radiations dose (Radiation Survey Meter)
33). WHAT IS THE USED OF FILM NADGE?
This badge is worn by the personnel who are exposed to radiation due their nature of duty and
this is processed to calculate the received radiation dose of a person during the period normally 1
month of exposure.
34). WHAT IS DECAY CHART
Is the chart showing the change in the radioactivity of an Isotope by losing mass by decay in
certain period at regular interval of time
7. .
35) WHO IS AN AUTHORIZED EXPOSE PERSON?
He is one who got formal training in the use of sealed source and X-RAY equipment used in
industry radiography.
36) WHAT ARE THE REQUIRMENTS OF A MAN BASKET?
It should be designed and fabricated according to standards have party certificates two guide
ropes damage free lifting gears the load bearing capacity should be written on man basket
shackles with cotter pin only to be used.
37) HOW SLINGS ARE INSPECTED?
All slings must be inspected before every use and periodically it should be inspected thoroughly
and shall be rejected if found were one third of the original outside the diameter of outside
individual wires serves corrosion distortion linking crushing bird caging broken wires.
38) THE TYPES OF CRANES?
v Mobile Crane Crawler Crane Tower Crane
v Over Head Crane
39) THE PARTS OFCRANE?
Boom,Slings,Shackie,Flyingjib,Antitwoblock,Outerrigger,Mainhoist,Auxillaryhoist,Pulley,Webs
lings,LMI(Load Movement Indicator).
40) WHAT ARE THE REQUIRMENTS OF A CRANE LIFTING?
Crane positions on firm and level ground with wood pads and steel plates. Outriggers are fully
extended tires are off the ground. Certified operator and rigger are available safe load indicator is
working the check list filled by competent persons.
8. 41) WHAT IS WORK RADIUS?
Is the maximum distance where a certain activities for lifting or rigging jobs in progress.
42) WHAT IS SWL?
Safe Working Load is the maximum load that can apply to the lifting tool, safely
43) WHAT IS LIFTING PLAN?
Is the documents prepare for planning a critical lift by calculating and considering all factors
which is going to effect the lift and there by selecting the correct tools and cranes and ensure the
safe lifting procedure to be followed for the particular lift, which is used for lifting and what the
safe factor is, where the load is lifted, where it is fitted, size and SWL of each lifting tool used
JSA and load-chart are attached with it.
44) WHAT IS TANDUM LIFT?
A lift in wich two crane are used for Lifting is called Tandum Lifting.
45) What is excavation?
A man made cut, cavity, trench or depression formed by earth removal.
46) What is trench?
A narrow excavation, where the depth is greater than width
47) What is shoring?
A structure that supports the sides of an excavation and protects against cave-ins.
48) What is different between a flash back arrestor and a check valve?
A check valve allows flow in one direction only. This prevents oxygen reaching acetylene
cylinder and acetylene reaching oxygen cylinder in the event of blockage in the torch or line or
9. pressure variations.
But a flash back arrestor prevents reverse flow; stop the flow of flame from reaching the cylinder
in the event of a flash back or the temperature exceeds a limit (220 degrees f.)
49.) WHAT IS THE USE OF WMS?
We can plan and execute the work easily and safely, it also helps to know the codes and
standards used for each activity.
50.) WHAT IS JSA AND ITS USE?
Job safety analysis is the step by step analysis of a job to determine the safe working procedures
It includes the following steps.
a.) Watch the job being done
b.) Break the job down into steps
c.) Described the hazards in each step of task
d.) Identity the desired controls measures and
e.) Implement these counter measures in the job executions.
51) What is the responsibility of Fire Watch?
Fire watch is the person design to identify and eliminate fire hazards, alert and extinguish fire
incase of any out break of fire and to protect the person and properties from a fire. He is the man
to reach first in case of fire by keeping a close watch on such hazardous areas.
52) What is color coding system?
This system followed to inspect and insure the serviceability of tools, equipments periodically (
normally it is monthly ) like fire extinguishers, full body harness, lifting gears, electrical codes
and power tools, etc. These things are inspected by competent person and are indicated by
putting the color of particular month (this color is decided in advance and is being followed by
10. all people at particular site). The items which are found defective or unserviceable will not be
color coded and has to be removed from service.
53) Who can color code?
Competent person
54) What is the maximum distance between two adjacent accesses in a long excavation?
A ladder must be present within 25feet, of employees working in excavation.
In open excavation – At least every 30m on the perimeter, if less than 1.2m deep
- At every 7.5m on the perimeter, if more than 1.2m deep
55) When is an excavation considered as a confined space?
If depth is more than 1.2m
56) Who can erect scaffolding?
Certified scaffold
57) Who can inspect the components used for erecting a scaffold?
A competent and certified scaffolding supervisor
58) What is tag system?
A tag system is put on scaffolding, by a competent person, indicating the present condition
whether it can be used and whether fall protection needed or not.
Red tag – Do not use (is being erected or dismantled)
Yellow tag – Can use with 100% fall protection (is incomplete or cannot be completed)
Green tag – Safe to use (scaffolding is complete)
59) Who can place a scaffold tag?
Competent person (scaffolding supervisor)
11. 60) What are the details in a scaffold tag?
Location, Maximum loading capacity (kN/m2 or psf), Date erected and date inspected with
foreman’s name and signature.
61) In which condition a scaffold cannot be erected?
Extreme weather (strong wind, rain, ice), ground not stable, safe clearance (minimum 10 feet)
can’t be maintained with live wire, certified workers and supervisor are not available, permit not
available.
62) What is the minimum overlapping of two adjacent planks in a platform?
Not less than 12 inches
63) What is a guard rail system?
A barrier consisting of top rail and med rails, toe board and vertical up right erected to prevent
men and materials falling from an elevated work area.
64) What is a toe board?
Barrier secured along the sides and ends of a platform to guard falling of materials, tools, and
other objects.
65) What is the minimum height of a toe-board?
Minimum 4 inches
66) What is the height of the top-rail from the platform?
38 inches to 45 inches
67) What are the requirements in placing an access ladder on a scaffold?
Provide access when scaffold platforms are more than 2 feet above or below a point of access.
When using ladders, bottom rung must not be more than 24 inches high. Ladder to be at the
12. correct angle (i.e. Feet out for every 4 feet in height) Ladders are to be tied at both sides not by
the rungs. Make sure the ladder extends a safe distance (at least 90cm) above the landing stage.
When the horizontal travel distance exceeds 15 meters provide at least two accesses. If the
platform is longer, access shall be provided at every 30 meters. The ladder should be free from
damage and should be color coded. All access ladders must be tagged.
68) In what circumstances fall protection system has to be used?
If the person could fall more than 1.8 meter then a fall protection system should be used.
Example- Any activity at an elevation more than 1.8 meter such as erection, dismantling or
maintenance of scaffolding pipes, equipments.
69) What is the minimum width required for a walk-way?
Minimum width of a walk-way is 18 inches.
70) What material’s can be placed on a scaffold platform?
All types of construction materials which are used for particular construction activity can be kept
on scaffolding platform but before keeping the materials and tools required for the work on the
platform, we must ensure load bearing capacity of that scaffolding platform. The platform shall
not be overloaded and shall be fitted with object protection system like toe board nets etc.
71) What are the requirements for working on a moving scaffold?
Mobile scaffolding shall be plumb, level and square. It shall be moved only by manually pushing
or pulling the base. No men, equipment, or materials shall be on the working platform or
elsewhere on the scaffolding while it is in motion. Castors shall be locked at all times except
during scaffold movement. The temporary foundation or truck set on uneven ground for scaffold
movement shall be level and properly secured. The height of the working platform shall not
exceed 4 times of the minimum base dimension, if it exceeds this limit outriggers must be
13. installed. A complete guard rail system must be provided. The scaffolding shall be inspected and
tagged before use by a competent person.
72) When should we inspect scaffold?
Scaffolding shall be inspected and tagged after completing erection. Also before each work
period or where they are altered, adjusted to rain or heavy winds. Thereafter the scaffolding shall
be examined at least once in every seven days.
73) What is the angle to fixed the Ladder?
The angle of Ladder is 75deg or ¼.
74) What is the space between the two ladder Rungs?
The gape or space is 12inch or 30cm.
75) With what color a ladder can be painted?
Aluminum ladders and wooden ladders shall not be painted.
76) What is a life-line?
Life line is component that consists of a flexible line that connects to an anchorage at one end to
hang vertically or that connects to anchorages at both ends to stretch horizontally and which
serves
as a method to connect component of a personnel fall arrest system to the anchorage.
77) How can we calculate the safe anchorage of a life-line?
When life is used they shall be fastened to fixed safe points of anchorage capable of supporting
2300 kilos shall be independent, and shall be protected from sharp edges and abrasion. Safe
anchorage points may include structural members (minimum 4 inches structural member or
4inces pipes) but do not include guard rails, vents, other small dia piping system, electrical
conduit, outrigger beams or counter weights. It shall be made from 10mm dia wire ropes.
14. Horizontal lifelines shall be installed at the highest feasible point, preferable above shoulder
height. This life lines shall be maintained with unloaded sag at the centre no longer than 30cm
(12inches) for every 10meters of life line length between attachment points.
78) What is lock-out/tag-out system?
For servicing or maintenance of live equipments or pipe lines where the unexpected energizing
or release of energy could cause of injury, lock and tag are place on the isolating device to avoid
uncontrolled operation and give details of the lock-out schedule.
79) Abbreviation use for safety?
STARRT - Safety Task and Risk Reduction Talk
COSHH - Control of Substance Hazardous to Health
OSHA - Occupational Safety and Health Administration
CFR - Court of Federal Regulation
OHSAS - Occupational Health and Safety Assessment Series
ELCB - Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker
GFCI - Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter
BSI - British Standard Institute
SWL - Safe Working Load
ANSI - American National Standard Institute
LTI - Lost Time Incident
LMI - Load Movement Indicater
MSDS - Material Safety Data Sheet
TWA - Time Wated Average
STEL - Short Term Exposure Limit
15. ERP - Emergency Response Plan
ASTM - American Society for Testing and Material
JSA - Job Safety Analysis
LEL - Lower Explosive Limit
UEL - Upper Explosive Limit
PEL - Permissible Explosive Limit
REL ¬- Recommended Exposure Limit
PSI - Pound per Square Inches (1 bar = 14.7 psi)
STEL - Short Term Exposure Limit
WBGT - Wet Bulb Globe Temperature
APR - Air Purifying Respirator
ASR - Air Supplying Respirator
SCBA - Self Contained Breathing Apparatus
RSO - Radiation Safety Officer
NFPA - National Fire Protection
80) What is the importance of a tool-box meeting?
The workers can be educated about safe work rules and procedures, and their awareness can be
improved on some task.
81) What is an Emergency Evacuation Plan?
It is the procedure to provide concise guidelines for evacuation in case of some emergencies and
to identify the emergencies in advance. This also helps us to plan and to define roles and
responsibilities of all building custodian, fire wardens and occupants.
82) What is a hydro-test?
16. It is the test carried out for leak test for pipes, equipments etc, by filling water in these
equipments and pipes with some pressure and its joints and connections are checked for ant leak
or breakage.
83) What is a hypo-test?
It is the insulation leakage test done for high electrical cables, with high voltage merger.
84) What are the safety requirements for doing a hot work?
Remove all combustible materials from the area (with in 10m), if possible.
Use fire blanket to protect immovable combustible materials and also for welding slugs.
Cover the area with fire blanket for containment of sparks generated while doing hot work.
Provide proper fire extinguisher in sufficient numbers.
Appoint a fire-watch with red jacket, if necessary.
Barricade the area and post proper signage.
Use of proper PPE and damage free
Conduct gas test if presence of combustible gases expected prior to work.
85) What are the benefits of near-miss reporting?
To make analysis of the incident, in order to avoid re-occurrence.
To rectify the cause of those near misses before it turns into accidents.
To identify the deficiencies of site safety performances and find remedial actions.
To improve safety performances by reducing LTA’s incidents and near misses.
86) What is a risk assessment?
Risk assessment is a method of estimating the rate of risk of an activity, by classifying actual and
potential consequence and finding out mitigation actions to limit that risk.
87) In what situation “ear protection is needed”?
17. In the areas, where sound pollution is more than 85 dBA
88) What is the emergency evacuation procedure to follow in the event of a gas release?
Don’t get panic on hearing alarm
Observe the direction of wind flow, proceed out in the cross wind direction to the plant boundary
fence and then proceed up wind.
Obey further instructions from emergency response team.
Resume work after getting clearance only.
89) What is an “Assembly Muster Point “?
The area determined and marked, for assemble of people working the area in case of any
emergency.
90) What is meant by “Head counting”? What is the purpose?
On hearing emergency alarm, all people have to assemble in “Assembly Muster Point”.
There area supervisor will call his workers with attendance sheet and confirm that nobody is
trapped in the site. This procedure is called head counting. Its purpose is to ensure all workers
are present in the assembly area, they are safely evacuated and identify the person if anybody is
trapped and take necessary actions to rescue these trapped workers.
91) What is heat stroke? What are the different stage through which a person undergoes before
he gets heat stroke?
During hot days, due to dehydration, body temperature increases beyond safe limit, because of
break down of body’s heat regulating mechanism. Due to this the person collapses and if not
taken care off he can even die. This is called heat stroke.
Generally pulse raises 20 beats per minute for each 1 degree C rise in temperature, heat cramps:
Exercising in hot weather can lead to muscle cramps, because of brief imbalances in body salt.
18. Heat exhaustion: further losing of fluid and salt can lead to dizziness and weakness body
temperature may rise up to 102 degree F.
Heat stroke: In some cases, extreme heat can upset body’s thermostat, causing body temperature
to rise to 105 degree F. or higher. Symptoms are lethargy, confusion and unconsciousness, heat
stroke can kill.
92) How is the soil classified? What is the slope to be given for each type of soil while
excavating?
The following is a short explanation of soil classifications. You should check the standard for
detailed information regarding classifying soils
.Type A soils
v Cohesive soils that have an unconfined compressive strength of 1.5 tsf or greater.
v E.g., clay, salty clay, sandy clay & clay loam
Type A soils cannot have or be subjected to the following:
v Fissures
v Subjection to vibration from traffic, pile driving or similar conditions
v Been previously disturbed
v Or if it has been subjected to other factors that would change it’s classification
Type B soils
v Cohesive soils that have an unconfined compressive strength greater than 0.5 tsf but less than
1.5tsf
v E.g., angular gravel, silt, silt loam, sandy loam and previously disrobed soils except those
which would be classified as Type C soil
v Also includes soils that meet some of the requirements of Type A soils but is fissured or
19. subject to vibration; or dry rock that is not stable.
Type C soils
v Cohesive soils with an unconfined compressive strength of 0.5tsf or less
v E.g. granular soils including gravel, sand and loamy sand
v Also submerged soil or soil from which water is freely seeping or submerged rock that is not
stable
Stable rock
v A natural solid mineral material that can be excavated with vertical sides and will remain intact
while exposed.
Maximum allowable slopes
v Stable rock: vertical (90degrees)
v Type A: ¾ :1 (53degrees)
v Type B 1:1 (45degreed)
v Type C : 1 ½ : 1 (34degrees)
v ½ : 1 (63 degrees ) slope is allowed for only short term excavations that are 12feet deep or le
93) What are the precautions to be taken while handling and storing compressed cylinders?
1) Where cylinders are to be kept for an appreciable length of time should be provided to ensure
that they cause no hazard to workers or public in the area.
2) Cylinders should be stored in a well ventilated area-preferable in open air but protected from
the weather.
3) The store should be away from fire risks and source of heat and ignition. Nothing else should
be stored in the area.
4) The cylinders should be stored upright on a firm level, well drained surface free from hollows
20. and cavities. All long grass, weeds etc. should be removed.
5) Cylinders should be secured so as they are prevented from falling over, when in storage or
use.
6) Cylinders should be segregated within the store according to type and weather full or empty.
7) Oxygen and oxidizing gases should be separated flammable gases by 6m or by a fire resistant
partition.
8) No electrical apparatus should be installed within a cylinder store unless it is constructed to a
suitable standard for the hazard.
9) No cylinder should be used in a storage area.
10) Appropriate warning signs “HIGHLY FLAMMABLE”. NO SMOKING”, “FULL/EMPTY”
etc. should be displayed.
11) Suitable fire fighting apparatus should be situated adjacent to the store. Typically dry powder
fire extinguishers. These should be inspected and maintained at intervals not exceeding 1 year.
12) Where cylinders area required to be stored in a compound this should be located not less than
3 meters from any building, site or public access road. The compound fence should be a
minimum of 2 meters high, and it should have two means of escape, with the gates opening
outwards.
13) Where it is necessary to take precautions vandalism or theft, suitable protection cages should
be used.
14) Each cylinder should be adequate marked to include the manufacturer’s mark and serial
number, together with an indication of the specification to which the cylinder is constructed and
its years of manufacture. A date of test and pressure test, together with weight of cylinder and the
name of the product, should be displayed.
21. 15)When gas cylinders are to be transported they should be protected from physical damage and
the consequences of any leaks that may occur minimized
16)Move cylinders by hand in proper cylinder trolleys where the cylinder is secured in the
trolley.
17)Take great care when lifting cylinders as they can be very heavy and awkward to handle.
18)Before moving any cylinders remove all attached equipment including regulators and safety
cap
must be provided.
19)The cylinders should be properly supported and secures within the vehicle so they cannot
move
during the journey. They should be totally within the vehicle and protected from impact.
20)The cylinders should be checked to ensure that the valves are closed and there are no leaks.
21)The vehicle should be equipped with a suitable fire extinguisher. Typically dry powder,
minimum capacity 2kg.
22)There should be no smoking within the vehicle while crying cylinders.
23)The driver of the vehicle should be conversant with the load and have written information on
the hazards and the action to be taken should any problems occur. The driver should also have
training in the operation of the fire extinguisher and any other safety equipment carried.
94) What are the type of fire extinguishers commonly used and briefly, explain each one?
Multipurpose dry chemical, carbon dioxide, halon, wet chemical or foam, pressurized water are
the commonly used fire extinguishers.
Multipurpose dry chemical / class “A”, “B”, or “C” fires.2.5-20lb. dry chemical (ammonium
phosphate) pressurized to 10.5-18 bar by CO2 gas (8-25 seconds discharge time). Has pressure
22. gauge to allow visual capacity check.5-20ft maximum effective range. Extinguisher by
smothering burning materials
Smothering – Cut off oxygen / close the ventilation using fire extinguisher
Starving – Remove the fuel / remove the material going to burn
Cooling – Reduce the heat / use water
Carbon Dioxide – Class “B” or “C” fires 2.5-100lb. of CO2 gas at 150-200 psi (8-30seconds
discharge time).
Has NO pressure gauge-capacity verified by weight 3-8 ft. maximum effective range.
Extinguisher by smothering burning materials, Effectiveness decreases as temperature of burning
material increases.
Halon – Class “A”,”B”, or “C” fires (smaller sizes ineffective against class “A”). 9-17 lb. Halon
1211 (pressurized liquid) releases as vapor (8-18 seconds discharge time). Has pressure gauge to
allow visual capacity check 9-16 ft. maximum effective range. Works best in confined area –
ideal for electronics fire due to lack of residue. Extinguishers by smothering burning materials,
Fumes toxic if inhaled, Halon is ozone depleting chemical – production halted in Jan ’94.
Wet Chemical or Foam – Class “A”, “B” fires 1.5gal of stored pressure PRX wet chemical
extinguishing agent (40 sec. discharge time) 10-12 ft. maximum effective range. On Class “K”
fires, don’t use until after fixed extinguishing system has activated, Extinguishes by cooling and
forming foam blanket to prevent reigniting.
What is S
95) What is the formula for incident rate? Number of Record able injuries X 200,000
Number of employees Hour Worked
200,000 is the equivalent of 100 full time employees working for 40 hours per week or 50 weeks
23. per year (OSHA guidelines)
96) What is First Aid and CPR?
Medical aid provide to a victim of an accident scene. This first aid is administered by trained
nurse. CPR (Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation) a first aid given to a person having heart blocked
or chocked due to sudden shock.
FIRE
97) What is Fire?
Chain reaction of FUEL, HEAT, OXYGEN.
A) Fuel any material which can burn like Paper, Rubber, Wood, Oil, Lubricants, Gases, Metals
like Phosphorous, Magnesium.
B) Heat or temperature at which the any fuel can ignite this depends on its flash point.
C) Oxygen which is helping in combustion and is present in the air.
98) How Fire can be extinguished?
Remove anyone of the above three elements of Fire. Fire will extinguished,
A) Remove the burning material, the remaining materials will be safe.
B) Cut off the Oxygen by blanketing with foam or Fire blanket or any other materials which
can not burn the oxygen will be cut off and fire extinguished.
C) Remove or lessen the heat with water or use Carbon Dioxide fire cylinder. Never use Water
for Electric Fire as water is good conductor of electricity and you will get electric shock if water
is used for electric fire.
99) What common type of the fire extinguisher is used for fire?
ABC or Dry Chemical Powder Fire Extinguisher used for Solid, Liquid Gases and Electric Fire.
WORK PERMIT
24. 100) What is a Work Permit?
A written document authorizing employees to carryout a work in a designated area on an
equipment specifying the hazards, safety instructions and PPE required for work.
CONFINED SPACES
101)What is a Confined Space?
A vessel, column, tank, pit, trench which has limited entry and access and one can not stay inside
for long time due to following factors.
Lack of fresh air or Oxygen, Heat, Fumes, Toxicity of storage Contents, Noise any other
annoyance, causing disturbance in normal work.
102)What is (a) THLV (b) LEL (c) UEL?
Threshold Limit Value, Lower Explosive Limit, Upper Explosive Limit
103)What is ASPHYXIANTS?
Chemical gases which can cause suffocation by restricting the uptake of oxygen or by respiratory
paralysis or by diluting / displacing oxygen below the levels needed by human body.
104) What is a SCBA?
Self Contained Breathing Apparatus, use in confined spaces or where oxygen deficiency exists or
where concentration of toxics gases is harmful to humans.
105) What is toxic Material?
A material or substance which adversely effects body or organs.
106) What are Flammable and Combustible Liquids?
Liquids that give off enough vapors to form an ignitable mixture with air and produce a flame
when a source of ignition is present.
25. 107) What is MSDS?
Material Safety Data Sheet
108) What is a Risk Assessment/Hazard Identification Plan?
Identifying hazards and risk involve in a specific job and control measures required to eliminate
them or bring them to minimum acceptable limit for the job to be done in safe manner
SCAFFOLD
Before erecting scaffolds assess the work area for existing and for potential future hazards which
may impact on the work.
109) What are basic components of scaffolds?
a) Base Plate
b) Sill Boards
c) Screw Jack
d) Couplers
e) Vertical tubes or Bearer also called LEDGERS
f) Horizontal tubes or Ledgers also called STANDARDS
g) Transoms connected across the width
h) Hand rails mid rails
i) Toe Boards
j) Platforms
k) Ladder
l) Diagonal Bracings for stability
RIGGING
26. 110) What are different types of slings used for lifting?
a) Wire rope slings
b) Synthetic/Nylon Webbings
c) Chain Slings
111) When a sling is considered unsafe for use?
1) 10 wire broken in one rope lay randomly distributed
2) 05 wires broken in one strand in one lay
3) 1/3rd of original diameter is scrapping or worn
4) Kink crushing, bird caging, or other damage or distortion of wire rope structure
5) Evidence of heat damage
6) End attachments that are cracked worn or damaged
7) Hooks open more than 15% of normal throat
8) Twisted more than 10 degrees from the plane
112) What safety measure are required for SAFE CRANE OPERATION
1) Crane is to be positioned on level ground
2) Outriggers fully extended
3) Mats to be used for stability
4) Crane radius of swing should be barricaded and no one to cross under the suspended load
5) Ensure clear of obstructions
6) Load chart available in the cabin
7) Qualified Operator and rigger to rig the loads
8) Only one rigger is authorized to signal the operator
9) Do not lift the load beyond the rated capacity of the crane
27. 10) Wind speed not more than 20miles/hr or 32km/hr
11) Anti two block system working
12) Load monitoring indicator operational
13) Telescopic boom free moment
14) Operators cabin have clear view and not obstructed
PORTABLE ELECTRICAL TOOLS
114) Why this should be used with electric tools?
To protect the workers from shock in case of current leakage
115) What is the sign of a potable electric tool having double insulated?
(Double square)
116) Why tools having broken insulation must not be used?
To avoid possible electric shock
117) What is meager test?
The insulation break down test is known as meager test
118) Why meager test is necessary for electric tools?
A tool having subjected to harsh use at site needs to be tested for insulation break down to avoid
possible electric shock.
119) Why dead man switch should be used on electric tools?
To cut off the power supply to the tool in emergency
120) Why Safety Training is required?
To make the employees familiar with the hazards associated with their work safety orientation
and some other trainings is required, also special craft training is required before start of work,
safety assessment risk assessment for potential hazards is essential which covers the general
28. hazards and specific hazards associated to the work being undertaken and the control measures
applied to eliminate or minimize the potential of harm to the employees, therefore emphasis of
accidental loss of resources (Men and Materials) to reduce the direct and indirect costs and loss
time delays due to interruptions providing safe and friendly environment for timely completion
of projects therefore imparting plays an important role in loss control and it is an idea sound
business to have safety culture prevailing on the construction sites.
121) What is LOTO?
Lock out tag out, to lock out specific breakers are used for the maintenance of all equipments
122) What is GFCI?
Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter
123) What is Excavation and Ditches?
Digging of land with Machine or with men
124) What is Confined Space?
Space heaving a limited entrance or egress but that is large enough to bodily entrance and
performed the work, i.e.
1) Pits sumps
2) Vessels
3) Boilers
4) Tanks Sewers
5) D-Excavations
Hazards
A) High Temperature
B) High Noise
29. C) Fall from Elevation
D) Sleeping
E) Oxygen deficiency
125) What are the scaffoldings and its kinds and it’s Consists?
It is temporary platform
Kinds
A) System Scaffolding
B) Under Hang Scaffoldings
C) Mobile Scaffolding
D) Bract Scaffolding
E) Tower Scaffolding
F) Tube and Copular scaffolding
Scaffolding Consists
A) Sole Boards
B) Base Plates
C) Posts
D) Ledgers
E) Couplers
1. Right angle couplers
2. Right angle Double couplers
3. End to End Couplers
4. Adjustable Couplers
5. Girder Couplers
30. F) Top rail
G) Mid rail
1. Should be in between top rail and toe boards
H) Toe Board
1. Distance between toe board to top rail should be 38 to 43 inches
I) Bracings
1. Zigzag bracings
2. Transverse bracings
3. Longitudinal bracings and cross bracings
126) What is KENAPI?
To Safe Workers from falling objects we can use KENAPI nets and catch plate forms.
127) Which Permit is use for Vehicles?
Hot Work Permit
128) What is Risk Assessment?
Simply we can defined it with
v What can go wrong
v What can cause its going wrong
v What can we do to prevent it from going wrong
129) What is Evocation?
v Stop the work and switch off equipment and proceed to nearest assembly ground
v Always walk against wind direction
v If you driving a vehicle, stop on road side switch off engine and proceed to assembly area and
let the key should inside the ignition point.
31. v Head count will taken by Safety Officer in assembly area.
v Do not come to work tell all clear alarm sounds.
130) How many types of accident in construction area?
Fatality case
Last work day case
Restricted work case
Medical treatment case
First aid case
Near miss Incident
v An incident, which could cause property damage or personal injury and if we will not stop near
miss incidents then can happen an accident.
131) What is Toolbox Talks?
Awareness about work situation to the employee is called toolbox talk
A development of safety bricfings and deal with special issues at the workplace.
132) What is DBA?
The frequency of noise at which we should use ear plug or muffs is 85DBA.
v DBA Decibel at scale A
133) What are LEL and UEL?
v Lower Explosive Limit
v Upper Explosive Limit
Level of Flammable gases or toxic gasses should be zero
Level of Oxygen should be in between 19.5 – 23.5 in volume
134) How many scaffolding tags used in scaffolding?
32. v Green tag - Scaffolding is safe to work
v Yellow - Use full body harness is required with double Lyn yard
v Red tag - Means scaffolding is unsafe or not able to use (only scaffolder can work)
Note: Safety Harness can bear the weight 2450kg
135) What are the precautions for Welding?
v Hot work permit is required
v Area should be barricaded and warning signage should be placed
v Area should be clean at least 8 meters (free from combustible materials)
v Fire extinguisher and fire blankets should be available
v Trained fire watch man should be available
v Fire water drum should be available
Note: Welder must use complete PPE’s (Welding Helmet, Gloves and Long sleeves shirt)
SAFETY DEFINATIONS
136) Safety
Safety is a state where risk has been eliminated or reduced to an acceptable level
137) Fire
Fire is a chemical reaction involving rapid oxidation or burning of a fuel. It needs three elements
to occur
138) Fuel
Fuel can be any combustible material – solid, liquid, or gas. Most solids and liquids become a
139) Oxygen
Oxygen the air we breathe is about 21 percent oxygen. Fire only needs an atmosphere with at
least 16 percent oxygen.
33. 140)Heat
Heat is the energy necessary to increase the temperature of the fuel to a point where sufficient
vapors are given off for ignition to occur.
142)Flash Point
Flash Point is the lowest temperature at which a fuel produces enough vapors to ignite in the
presence of a heat source.
143) Dust
Dust consists of solid particles and is created by such operations as grinding or sieving of solid
materials, controlled detonations and various drying processes.
144) Fumes
Fumes are finely particulate solids which are created by condensation from a vapor, very often
after a metal has been converted to the molten state. Fumes are usually highly toxic.
145) Gases
Gas is the formless chemical which occupies the area in which it is enclosed. There are many
toxic gases used in industry, such as chlorine.
146) Mist
Mist consists of finely suspended droplets formed by condensation from a gas or the atomizing
of a liquid or from aerosols.
147) Vapors
Vapors are the gaseous form of a solid or a liquid, rise in temperature causes the vaporization.
Examples are organic solvent vapors’.
148) Liquid
Liquid is a typical example of a liquid, Can be in other forms as droplets or aerosols.
34. 149) Very Toxic
Substances and preparations which in very low quantities cause death or acute or chronic damage
to health when inhaled swallowed or absorbed via the skin.
150) Toxic
Toxic substances and preparation that in low quantities cause death or acute or chronic damage
to health when inhaled swallowed or absorbed via the skin.
151) Corrosive
Corrosive is substances and preparations that may on contact destroy living tissues.
152) Density
The density of a material is defined as the mass of one cubic meter of material
DENSITY = MASS/VOLUME
153) Specific Gravity
We can therefore say that any liquid that will not dissolve (not miscible) in water, with a specific
gravity higher than 1, will sink, whilst those with a specific gravity lower than 1 will float on top.
For example:
1m3 of water (1000 liters) weights 1000kg
1m3 of aviation gasoline (1000 liters) weight 720 kgs
154) Heat
Heat is a form of energy. Heat can be produced by chemical means, e.g., by burning aviation fuel
or by mechanical means, by fiction. Passing electric current through a resistor also produces heat
as in an electric fire.
155) Element
Substances that consist of only one type of atom are known as elements. EX. CARBON
35. 156) Molecules
If an element consists of more than one of the same type of atom, chemically bound together, it
is known as a molecule. EX. OXYGEN, The term molecule can also be used to describe a
substance that is made up of more than one type of atom, water is example.
157) Compound
A mixture is a term used to describe a substance that is made up of more than one type of
molecule. EX. WATER
158) Combustion
Combustion is a chemical process. For it to occur, oxygen, usually from the air, must combine
with a fuel. A fuel is any substance that will burn and may be in any one of the three states, solid,
liquid or gas. EX. SMOLDING OR FLAMING
Flammability Limits:
Flammability Limit
(% Fuel/Air by volume)
GAS
LOWER LIMIT
UPPER LIMIT
Hydrogen
4
75
Carbon Monoxide
12.5
74.2
36. Methane
5
15
Butane
1.5
9
Ethylene
2.7
28.6
Acetylene
5.5
80
159) Organization Culture
Shop floor representatives, supervisors and managers who meet to discuss general health and
safety matters affecting the company
160)Attitude
A person’s point of view, or their way of looking at something.
161) Mistakes or Errors
Doing the wrong thing, believing it to be right
162)Influence of peer group
A peer group is a group of individuals of a similar age or background with whom a person mixes
in a social context.
37. 163)Work place group
The workplace group is such a group and we behave in accordance with the collective, accepted
behavior of the group.
164)Communication
Communication is defined as, imparting, conveying or exchanging information, ideas or opinion
by the use of speech, written, or graphics.
165)Written communication
Written a postal service or a notice board
166) Oral or Verbal (SPOKEN) Communication
Oral or Verbal (spoken) a personal interview or telephone system
167) Notices, Posters, Films
Used to draw attention to hazards and risks or safe practices and measures, need to be ‘eye
catching’ and relevant.
168) Tool Box Talks
A development of safety briefings and deal with specific issues at the workplace
169) Employee Hand Book:
Key document laying out company policy and certain procedures, Effective as part of induction
training
170) Investigation
The purpose of an investigation is primarily to find the cause, with the intention of preventing a
recurrence, rather than to blame
38. 171) Reactive Monitoring
Reactive Monitoring, which is used in the investigation of accidents, incidents or dangerous
occurrences-After
172) Proactive Monitoring
Pro-active monitoring, which involves checking that standards, practices, procedures and system
are being complied with. Before
173) Maintenance Inspections
Inspections involve examining, testing and making repairs/adjustments to such items, often
specified by the manufacturer or supplier.
174) Safety Inspection
A formal inspection by a team of inspectors who go round an area or section of work to check on
standards; e.g floor condition, HK, warning signs, fire equipment
175) Safety Survey
An in-depth examination of specific procedures such as the introduction of new equipment, or
investigating a rise in accident or incident rate
176) Chemical Hazard
Liquids, dusts, fumes, mists
177) Biological Hazards
Exposure to bacteria, viruses and fungi
178) Physical Hazard
Mechanical, noise, radiation, heat etc. also includes ergonomic factors
179) Psychological Hazards
39. Refers to mental stress
180) Safe Work System
A safe system of work is: a formal procedure which results from systematic examination of a
task in order to identify all the hazards
181) Permit to Work
A permit to work can be described as: A formal document giving H.S.