The document discusses sources of radiation, natural and man-made, and outlines safety procedures for radiography operations. It notes that radiation comes from cosmic, terrestrial, and internal sources. For radiography work, safety equipment like dosimeters, barricades, signs, and certified radiography workers are required to limit exposure and ensure safe operation. Regular monitoring and training are also needed to protect radiography workers.
This document provides information on detection and measurement of ionizing radiation. It discusses different types of radiation monitors used for source monitoring, environmental monitoring, and individual monitoring. These include dose rate meters, contamination monitors, Geiger counters, scintillation counters, film badges, and thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs). It also covers topics like instrument ranges, surface contamination limits, and control standards for radiation exposure. The goal of radiation measurement is to evaluate radiation conditions, assess potential exposures, and review classification of controlled areas.
This document discusses radiation protection for patients and operators during dental x-ray procedures. It covers key concepts like total filtration, collimation, protective equipment like lead aprons and thyroid collars, proper techniques to minimize exposure, and guidelines for radiation safety. The document emphasizes that while dental x-rays provide benefits, it is important to use all available methods to minimize the amount of radiation received by patients and operators, in accordance with legislation and the ALARA principle of keeping exposures as low as reasonably achievable.
Vinay Radiation safety training for Xray Baggage Scanner XBISVinay Kumar
1) This document provides an overview of radiation safety procedures for x-ray baggage inspection systems. It covers topics such as the types of radiation, biological effects of radiation exposure, and methods to reduce radiation exposure including time, distance, and shielding.
2) Key safety practices for operating x-ray baggage inspection systems include ensuring access is controlled when the system is in use, never placing body parts in the primary beam, and using protective accessories like lead aprons and eyewear.
3) Radiation exposure is monitored using dosimeters and personnel are trained in radiation safety practices to minimize exposure and ensure compliance with regulatory dose limits.
This ppt is all about dosimetry used in radiology department.
it also consist of history of dosimetry ,conventional dosimeters like Film badge,TLD , OSLD ,Pocket dosimetry.
Further it is all about the latest advancements in dosimetry mailny by MIRION technologies.
Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) - Industrial Radiography Normal Working Proceduresshahar_sayuti
The document discusses safety and security in industrial radiography. It describes the basic principles and applications of radiography techniques using radiation sources like x-rays and gamma rays. It also discusses the equipment used including radiation devices, safety equipment, and procedures to control external radiation exposure through principles of time, distance and shielding.
This document discusses various chemical and radiation hazards in industrial settings and methods for controlling exposures. It covers topics like chemical hazards from toxic materials and their sources in the environment. It also discusses ionizing radiation, types of radiation, units of measurement, and radiation protection. Non-ionizing radiation like ultraviolet, microwave, infrared and lasers are also explained. The roles and responsibilities of industrial hygienists in ensuring worker health and safety are summarized.
Radiofrequency (RF) radiation is a potential hazard for construction workers. To work safely near RF devices: determine if RF devices are present by looking for signs or asking owners; contact antenna owners to power down devices or move work elsewhere; maintain a safe distance of at least 6 feet from single antennas and 10 feet from clusters; and use personal monitors and protective equipment if exposure limits may be exceeded. Workers should understand RF hazards and recognize devices to avoid overexposure and symptoms.
Individual and area monitoring are important aspects of radiation protection. Individual monitoring involves measuring radiation doses received by individuals working with radiation, typically using dosimeters like TLD badges worn by workers in controlled and supervised areas. Area monitoring involves taking radiation measurements at different points in a workplace to assess conditions and ensure safe radiological conditions. The results of monitoring are recorded and investigated if exposure limits are exceeded.
This document provides information on detection and measurement of ionizing radiation. It discusses different types of radiation monitors used for source monitoring, environmental monitoring, and individual monitoring. These include dose rate meters, contamination monitors, Geiger counters, scintillation counters, film badges, and thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs). It also covers topics like instrument ranges, surface contamination limits, and control standards for radiation exposure. The goal of radiation measurement is to evaluate radiation conditions, assess potential exposures, and review classification of controlled areas.
This document discusses radiation protection for patients and operators during dental x-ray procedures. It covers key concepts like total filtration, collimation, protective equipment like lead aprons and thyroid collars, proper techniques to minimize exposure, and guidelines for radiation safety. The document emphasizes that while dental x-rays provide benefits, it is important to use all available methods to minimize the amount of radiation received by patients and operators, in accordance with legislation and the ALARA principle of keeping exposures as low as reasonably achievable.
Vinay Radiation safety training for Xray Baggage Scanner XBISVinay Kumar
1) This document provides an overview of radiation safety procedures for x-ray baggage inspection systems. It covers topics such as the types of radiation, biological effects of radiation exposure, and methods to reduce radiation exposure including time, distance, and shielding.
2) Key safety practices for operating x-ray baggage inspection systems include ensuring access is controlled when the system is in use, never placing body parts in the primary beam, and using protective accessories like lead aprons and eyewear.
3) Radiation exposure is monitored using dosimeters and personnel are trained in radiation safety practices to minimize exposure and ensure compliance with regulatory dose limits.
This ppt is all about dosimetry used in radiology department.
it also consist of history of dosimetry ,conventional dosimeters like Film badge,TLD , OSLD ,Pocket dosimetry.
Further it is all about the latest advancements in dosimetry mailny by MIRION technologies.
Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) - Industrial Radiography Normal Working Proceduresshahar_sayuti
The document discusses safety and security in industrial radiography. It describes the basic principles and applications of radiography techniques using radiation sources like x-rays and gamma rays. It also discusses the equipment used including radiation devices, safety equipment, and procedures to control external radiation exposure through principles of time, distance and shielding.
This document discusses various chemical and radiation hazards in industrial settings and methods for controlling exposures. It covers topics like chemical hazards from toxic materials and their sources in the environment. It also discusses ionizing radiation, types of radiation, units of measurement, and radiation protection. Non-ionizing radiation like ultraviolet, microwave, infrared and lasers are also explained. The roles and responsibilities of industrial hygienists in ensuring worker health and safety are summarized.
Radiofrequency (RF) radiation is a potential hazard for construction workers. To work safely near RF devices: determine if RF devices are present by looking for signs or asking owners; contact antenna owners to power down devices or move work elsewhere; maintain a safe distance of at least 6 feet from single antennas and 10 feet from clusters; and use personal monitors and protective equipment if exposure limits may be exceeded. Workers should understand RF hazards and recognize devices to avoid overexposure and symptoms.
Individual and area monitoring are important aspects of radiation protection. Individual monitoring involves measuring radiation doses received by individuals working with radiation, typically using dosimeters like TLD badges worn by workers in controlled and supervised areas. Area monitoring involves taking radiation measurements at different points in a workplace to assess conditions and ensure safe radiological conditions. The results of monitoring are recorded and investigated if exposure limits are exceeded.
The document outlines the key components of a radiation protection program for industrial radiography and irradiator facilities. It discusses organizational responsibilities, radiation protection responsibilities, area classification, radiation monitoring, quality assurance, emergency response plans, training and health surveillance of workers, and record keeping. Safety working procedures are also described for industrial practices, including personnel monitoring, radiation surveys, warning signals, operating exposure rooms, and radiographic work procedures.
This document discusses radiation protection and provides definitions, types of radiation effects, sources of radiation exposure, units of measurement, dose limits, and techniques to reduce radiation exposure in medical imaging. It defines radiation protection as protecting people from harmful effects of ionizing radiation. It describes stochastic and deterministic effects and lists examples of radiation anomalies. It also outlines regulatory bodies, dose limits for occupational workers and the public, and principles of radiation safety including time, distance, shielding and reducing exposure.
Basic Radiation Safety Awareness Training
History of Radiation
Natural and Man-Made Background Sources of Radiation
Fundamentals
Exposure Limits & Regulations
Detection of Radiation
Safe Practices with Radiation
Biological Effects of Radiation
Where to Find Further Information
Radiation safety and protection for dental radiographyNitin Sharma
1) Licensed dentists must maintain radiation exposures as low as reasonably achievable and understand the health risks of radiation.
2) Dental radiographic equipment must be registered and follow safety protocols to protect patients and staff, such as using protective gear and collimation.
3) Dentists are responsible for quality assurance programs to ensure proper functioning and calibration of dental X-ray machines and processing of films. Guidelines help prescribe radiographs appropriately.
The document discusses radioprotection techniques for angiography procedures. It defines key radiation concepts like equivalent dose, effective dose, and dose area product. It explains the linear no-threshold model for stochastic radiation injuries and thresholds for deterministic injuries. Techniques to reduce staff and patient radiation exposure are presented, including minimizing time, increasing distance, optimal collimation and positioning, and use of protective equipment like lead aprons and shields. Factors influencing patient absorbed dose are also reviewed.
Radiation safety precautions (General Principles, Power Plant Safety, Radionu...Sabir Rasheed
Radiation safety precaution. General Principles of Radiation Safety.
Aspects of shielding in diagnostic radiology.
Nuclear Power Plant Safety.
Specific Handling Precautions For Various Radionuclides.
This document outlines safety policies and procedures for working with radio frequency (RF) equipment. It discusses RF health effects and exposure limits. Responsibilities of employers, managers, and employees are defined. Procedures for assessing RF risks and measuring field strengths are provided. Personal monitors and area monitors are described for assessing exposure levels. Only competent individuals trained in using specialized survey instruments should measure RF fields for safety. The document aims to ensure safe systems of work and compliance with international standards for limiting RF exposure.
This document discusses radiation protection in diagnostic radiology. It covers protection of the public and personnel, sources of radiation dose, dose reduction techniques, protective equipment, dose monitoring, and dose limits. The key points are:
1. Radiation rooms are designed with lead-lined walls and doors, interlocks to prevent exposure if doors are open, and warning signs to restrict access.
2. Radiation doses come from primary radiation from the source, scattered radiation from the patient, and leakage radiation that escapes the collimator. Distance from the patient, protective barriers, and minimizing exposure time reduce dose.
3. Personnel wear protective lead aprons, thyroid shields, gloves and eyeglasses when not behind
Radiation monitoring involves measuring radiation levels in workplaces, areas, and the environment. There are several types of radiation monitoring:
Workplace monitoring measures radiation dose rates, surface contamination, and airborne radioactivity where radiation sources are used. Individual monitoring tracks radiation doses received by workers through personal dosimeters. Area monitoring measures radiation levels at predefined locations around facilities to ensure safety. Environmental monitoring routinely samples media like food, water and air near facilities to measure radiation levels and ensure public safety.
Nuclear reactor safety has three main objectives: protecting operating personnel, the public, and minimizing environmental impact. There are three levels of safety - preventing accidents through design, safety systems to protect in the event of accidents, and additional margin of safety for unlikely events. Multiple barriers like fuel pellets, cladding, and containment vessels are used. Inherent safety features and principles like negative temperature and void coefficients also make reactors safer. Radiation exposure is limited by principles of justification, optimization, and dose limits using concepts like ALARA and time, distance, and shielding. Major nuclear reactor accidents are classified on the International Nuclear Event Scale while minimizing hazards to present and future generations.
The document describes Elios 2 RAD, a remote-controlled drone system for indoor radiation sensing and mapping at nuclear power plants. It allows operators to safely measure and map radiation levels inside facilities without human exposure. Key features include identifying radiation leaks, estimating worker dose exposure for tasks, and monitoring radiation levels over time to improve safety standards. The system includes high, mid, and low-dose radiation sensors, software for mapping radiation readings and dose localization, and training materials for calibration and use. Pricing options are listed for the full Elios 2 RAD package or retrofitting an existing Elios 2 drone.
This document provides an overview of radiation safety fundamentals related to x-ray devices used in research at NIU. It defines x-rays and their properties, describes different types of x-ray equipment including analytical, diagnostic, and industrial uses. The document outlines the hazards of x-ray exposure and how to reduce risk through time, distance, and shielding. It provides examples of unsafe conditions and NIU requirements for safe operation of x-ray devices.
This document appears to be an operator's manual for an x-ray generator. It provides information on safety, specifications, controls, programming, error codes, exposure tables, maintenance, and x-ray tube data. The introduction describes the generator's features such as output power levels up to 80 kW, kV ranges from 125-150 depending on the model, and user-friendly controls. Safety precautions are outlined, and applicable standards are listed.
This document discusses radiation and its uses in medicine. It defines radiation as energy emitted in the form of particles or waves. Radiation is useful for medical imaging and treatment. It describes different types of radiation including electromagnetic radiation, alpha particles, beta particles, gamma rays, and x-rays. It discusses how various medical imaging techniques like CT scans, x-rays, and mammograms expose patients to radiation, but ensure doses are kept as low as reasonably achievable. The document emphasizes principles of radiation safety for both patients and workers through justification of exposures, dose optimization and limitation.
This document provides an overview of radiation awareness and safety. It discusses [1] what radiation is and its various types; [2] the health effects of radiation exposure including damage to cells; and [3] key principles of protection like minimizing time, distance and use of shielding to reduce exposure. The document emphasizes properly labeling, transporting, and storing radioactive materials and outlines safe working practices when dealing with radiation.
This document provides an overview of a continuing medical education (CME) presentation on radiation safety and fluoroscopy. The presentation covers topics such as the basic properties of radiation, units of measurement, sources of radiation exposure, methods of radiation protection including time, distance, shielding and collimation, biological effects of radiation, x-ray equipment, patient exposure and positioning, quality assurance programs, and regulations. The objectives of the presentation are to review these topics and summarize radiation safety procedures for medical professionals.
This presentation covers the history and fundamentals of radiation including the electromagnetic spectrum, types of radiation, atoms, and general radiation safety principles such as ALARA. Key topics include ionizing versus non-ionizing radiation, radiation sources, radiation effects on cells, comparison of radiation doses, and methods of personal radiation monitoring including film badges, pocket dosimeters, and thermoluminescent dosimeters.
싸이퍼랩 RS30은 안드로이드 4.4를 지원하는 안드로이드 PDA로 1.3GHz Cortex Quad Core CPU를 채택한 기업용 모바일 컴퓨터로서 기존의 스마트폰 사용자 환경에 친숙한 유저 인터페이스를 제공하고, 기업의 업무환경에 적합하도록 견고성 및 NFC, 바코드스캔, 무선통신등 다양한 기능을 제공합니다.
유통 및 물류 산업분야 사용에 적합하게 설계되었으며, TCO(총소유비용)를 낮추어주는 경제적인 솔루션입니다.
최신 최고 사양
최신 CPU(쿼드코어 1.3Ghz), 높은 메모리용량(8Gb Flash/1Gb RAM) 및 견고한 디스플레이 (4.4인치 고릴라 글래스 3)를 채택한 최신 사양의 안드로이드 디바이스입니다.
스마트폰 사용자에 익숙한 환경
기존 스마트폰과 유사한 UI제공 및 안드로이드(버전4.4)에서 운용되는 모든 어플리케이션을 수정 없이 사용가능합니다.
기업용 환경에 적합한 견고성 제공
일반 스마트폰에 비해 IP54 방수방진 및 1.5m 낙하 충격에도 견딜수 있는 견고성 제공으로 유통, 물류, 창고등의 업무에 적합합니다.
다양한 통신기능
기업 업무에 필요한 무선랜(802.11b/g/n), 3G 통신(HSDPA), 블루투스등을 지원합니다.
다양한 데이타 취득 기능
다양한 바코드 리더(1D CCD, 1D Laser, 2D Imager) 및 NFC기능을 제공하여 다양한 종류의 바코드 인식 및 NFC를 활용한 RFID 어플리케이션을 구현할수 있습니다.
AppLock 기능
RS30 화면의 복잡한 메뉴를 사용자가 필요로하는 메뉴만 화면에 표시가능하여 기기의 화면을 단순하게 유지하여 우연한 사용자 실수를 사전에 방지합니다.
다양한 기기 관리툴 제공
다수의 기기를 제어 및 관리할수 있는 소프트웨어(SOTI) 및 어플리케이션 개발을 지원하는 툴(KALIPSO Mobile Application Generator)을 제공하여 사용자 효율성 및 관리자의 업무 용이성을 높여줍니다.
4.7인치 민감한 터치 패털
0.2mm 두께의 라텍스 장갑 사용가능
PLATFORM, PROCESSOR & MEMORY
Operating System & CPU
OS Version : Android 4.4.2
CPU : Cortex 1.3 GHz Quad-Core Processor
Memory
ROM : 8GB eMMC
RAM : 1GB LPDDR2 RAM
Expansion Slot :
One microSDHC card slot (up to 32GB)
SDXC supported
COMMUNICATION & DATA CAPTURE
Communication
USB Client : USB 2.0 OTG
WPAN : Bluetooth Class II, v4.0 and v2.1+EDR
WLAN : IEEE 802.11b/g/n networking
WWAN :
Built-in module for Quadband HSPA+/GSM
GSM/GPRS/EDGE/WCDMA/UMTS/HSDPA/HSUPA/HSPA+
Frequency band:
GSM/GPRS/EDGE: 850/900/1800/1900
WCDMA/UMTS/HSDPA/HSUPA: 850/900/1900/2100
HSPA+: 14.4 Mbps/5.76 Mbps
Built-in GPS with AGPS support, ephemeris downloadable
Data & Image Capture
Digital Camera : 8 Mega pixels with user-controllable flash
Barcode Reader : Ordering options include Linear Imager (SM1), 1D Laser (SE955), 2D Imager(SE4500)
HF RFID Reader :
ISO14443A/B (Mifare), ISO15693 (Felica)
Supports NFC (Peer-to-peer, Card reader, Card emulation)
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Batteries
Main Battery Pack :
Rechargeable Li-ion battery: 3.7V, 2500 mAh
Charging time: 4 hours
Backup Battery :
Rechargeable Li-ion battery: 3.7V, 70 mAh
Data retention for 30 minutes
Charging time: 4 hours
Power Adaptor
Power Supply Cord with :
Input AC 100~240 V, 50/60 Hz
Universal Power Adaptor :
Output DC 5V, 2A
Working Time
Supports working time for up to 8-10 hours.
PROGRAMMING SUPPORT
Development Environment & Tools
Integrated Environment : Development Visual Studio 2008, Visual Studio 2005
Software Development Kit :
Microsoft SDK
System API (DLL) for system configuration
Reader API (DLL) for reader configuration
Software & Utilities
CipherLab Software Package : Reader Configuration
Third-party Software : Kalipso
ACCESSORIES
Accessory Options :
Hardshell
Charging Cradle
>하이온아이티
주소 : 서울 금천구 가산디지털2로 165, 1304호 (백상스타타워2차)
대표번호 : 02-2038-0018 / 이메일 : hion@hionit.com
홈페이지 : http://hionsmart.com
We are witness globally weather is changing due to development and destroy nature by Industries and Infrastructure Demand.
Lightning strike to ground can not be stop but this can be control and discharge to ground safely using best and latest practice document for Installation of Lightning Protection available Follow IEC62305 Conventional and Advance Effective ESE Type Lightning Protection NFC17-102 .
Now Days in India Many disaster happened more than 100 People Died due to Lightning and national Figure reported Human Loss 5000 or More and 1000 Cr. Value Assets burn partial of fully.
Lightning Early Warning is Responsibility of Every Government along with mandatory of Installation Lightning Protection under Electrical Safety .
Every Structure or Shed which is use for Public , other purpose Like Highways, Road ,Public Park , Museum should be protected from Lightning with Effective Earthing to discharge safely to ground.
Earthing and Surge Protection is very important under Electrical Safety to protect assets and Human Life for any kind of threat due to Lightning and Other Surges Reason Over Voltage or Transients.
Worldwide its duty of Engineering while design and Installation of any Projects for Building Infra, Industries and Public Transports Electrical Safety for any Power Supply to Equipment's will consider as priority and do Design ,Engineering ,Selection of Earthing ,Lightning and Surge Protection as per application and environment condition not a Similar BOQ for all Equipment's.
They should also give proper instruction for installation and Maintenance procedure to ensure long life and Safety of Human and sustainability of Equipment Life with performance .
Our Electrical and Fire Safety departments should aware latest National Electric Code follow and instruct all the Industries to follow same and ensure periodical maintenance by these people for safety of human Life and Valuable assets.
All The Leading Insurance Companies who do Insurance under cover Fire and other Damage of Equipment's due to power should aware Electrical Safety Law and ask report from customer before accept any Insurance or issuing Policy otherwise they may have bear huge loss plz refer USA and other forward Company report loss due to Lightning and Electrical Short Circuit.
Plz go through presentation
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want to know more about us plz visit webpage www.linkvuesystem.com
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Mahesh Chandra Manav
Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024Sinan KOZAK
Sinan from the Delivery Hero mobile infrastructure engineering team shares a deep dive into performance acceleration with Gradle build cache optimizations. Sinan shares their journey into solving complex build-cache problems that affect Gradle builds. By understanding the challenges and solutions found in our journey, we aim to demonstrate the possibilities for faster builds. The case study reveals how overlapping outputs and cache misconfigurations led to significant increases in build times, especially as the project scaled up with numerous modules using Paparazzi tests. The journey from diagnosing to defeating cache issues offers invaluable lessons on maintaining cache integrity without sacrificing functionality.
The document outlines the key components of a radiation protection program for industrial radiography and irradiator facilities. It discusses organizational responsibilities, radiation protection responsibilities, area classification, radiation monitoring, quality assurance, emergency response plans, training and health surveillance of workers, and record keeping. Safety working procedures are also described for industrial practices, including personnel monitoring, radiation surveys, warning signals, operating exposure rooms, and radiographic work procedures.
This document discusses radiation protection and provides definitions, types of radiation effects, sources of radiation exposure, units of measurement, dose limits, and techniques to reduce radiation exposure in medical imaging. It defines radiation protection as protecting people from harmful effects of ionizing radiation. It describes stochastic and deterministic effects and lists examples of radiation anomalies. It also outlines regulatory bodies, dose limits for occupational workers and the public, and principles of radiation safety including time, distance, shielding and reducing exposure.
Basic Radiation Safety Awareness Training
History of Radiation
Natural and Man-Made Background Sources of Radiation
Fundamentals
Exposure Limits & Regulations
Detection of Radiation
Safe Practices with Radiation
Biological Effects of Radiation
Where to Find Further Information
Radiation safety and protection for dental radiographyNitin Sharma
1) Licensed dentists must maintain radiation exposures as low as reasonably achievable and understand the health risks of radiation.
2) Dental radiographic equipment must be registered and follow safety protocols to protect patients and staff, such as using protective gear and collimation.
3) Dentists are responsible for quality assurance programs to ensure proper functioning and calibration of dental X-ray machines and processing of films. Guidelines help prescribe radiographs appropriately.
The document discusses radioprotection techniques for angiography procedures. It defines key radiation concepts like equivalent dose, effective dose, and dose area product. It explains the linear no-threshold model for stochastic radiation injuries and thresholds for deterministic injuries. Techniques to reduce staff and patient radiation exposure are presented, including minimizing time, increasing distance, optimal collimation and positioning, and use of protective equipment like lead aprons and shields. Factors influencing patient absorbed dose are also reviewed.
Radiation safety precautions (General Principles, Power Plant Safety, Radionu...Sabir Rasheed
Radiation safety precaution. General Principles of Radiation Safety.
Aspects of shielding in diagnostic radiology.
Nuclear Power Plant Safety.
Specific Handling Precautions For Various Radionuclides.
This document outlines safety policies and procedures for working with radio frequency (RF) equipment. It discusses RF health effects and exposure limits. Responsibilities of employers, managers, and employees are defined. Procedures for assessing RF risks and measuring field strengths are provided. Personal monitors and area monitors are described for assessing exposure levels. Only competent individuals trained in using specialized survey instruments should measure RF fields for safety. The document aims to ensure safe systems of work and compliance with international standards for limiting RF exposure.
This document discusses radiation protection in diagnostic radiology. It covers protection of the public and personnel, sources of radiation dose, dose reduction techniques, protective equipment, dose monitoring, and dose limits. The key points are:
1. Radiation rooms are designed with lead-lined walls and doors, interlocks to prevent exposure if doors are open, and warning signs to restrict access.
2. Radiation doses come from primary radiation from the source, scattered radiation from the patient, and leakage radiation that escapes the collimator. Distance from the patient, protective barriers, and minimizing exposure time reduce dose.
3. Personnel wear protective lead aprons, thyroid shields, gloves and eyeglasses when not behind
Radiation monitoring involves measuring radiation levels in workplaces, areas, and the environment. There are several types of radiation monitoring:
Workplace monitoring measures radiation dose rates, surface contamination, and airborne radioactivity where radiation sources are used. Individual monitoring tracks radiation doses received by workers through personal dosimeters. Area monitoring measures radiation levels at predefined locations around facilities to ensure safety. Environmental monitoring routinely samples media like food, water and air near facilities to measure radiation levels and ensure public safety.
Nuclear reactor safety has three main objectives: protecting operating personnel, the public, and minimizing environmental impact. There are three levels of safety - preventing accidents through design, safety systems to protect in the event of accidents, and additional margin of safety for unlikely events. Multiple barriers like fuel pellets, cladding, and containment vessels are used. Inherent safety features and principles like negative temperature and void coefficients also make reactors safer. Radiation exposure is limited by principles of justification, optimization, and dose limits using concepts like ALARA and time, distance, and shielding. Major nuclear reactor accidents are classified on the International Nuclear Event Scale while minimizing hazards to present and future generations.
The document describes Elios 2 RAD, a remote-controlled drone system for indoor radiation sensing and mapping at nuclear power plants. It allows operators to safely measure and map radiation levels inside facilities without human exposure. Key features include identifying radiation leaks, estimating worker dose exposure for tasks, and monitoring radiation levels over time to improve safety standards. The system includes high, mid, and low-dose radiation sensors, software for mapping radiation readings and dose localization, and training materials for calibration and use. Pricing options are listed for the full Elios 2 RAD package or retrofitting an existing Elios 2 drone.
This document provides an overview of radiation safety fundamentals related to x-ray devices used in research at NIU. It defines x-rays and their properties, describes different types of x-ray equipment including analytical, diagnostic, and industrial uses. The document outlines the hazards of x-ray exposure and how to reduce risk through time, distance, and shielding. It provides examples of unsafe conditions and NIU requirements for safe operation of x-ray devices.
This document appears to be an operator's manual for an x-ray generator. It provides information on safety, specifications, controls, programming, error codes, exposure tables, maintenance, and x-ray tube data. The introduction describes the generator's features such as output power levels up to 80 kW, kV ranges from 125-150 depending on the model, and user-friendly controls. Safety precautions are outlined, and applicable standards are listed.
This document discusses radiation and its uses in medicine. It defines radiation as energy emitted in the form of particles or waves. Radiation is useful for medical imaging and treatment. It describes different types of radiation including electromagnetic radiation, alpha particles, beta particles, gamma rays, and x-rays. It discusses how various medical imaging techniques like CT scans, x-rays, and mammograms expose patients to radiation, but ensure doses are kept as low as reasonably achievable. The document emphasizes principles of radiation safety for both patients and workers through justification of exposures, dose optimization and limitation.
This document provides an overview of radiation awareness and safety. It discusses [1] what radiation is and its various types; [2] the health effects of radiation exposure including damage to cells; and [3] key principles of protection like minimizing time, distance and use of shielding to reduce exposure. The document emphasizes properly labeling, transporting, and storing radioactive materials and outlines safe working practices when dealing with radiation.
This document provides an overview of a continuing medical education (CME) presentation on radiation safety and fluoroscopy. The presentation covers topics such as the basic properties of radiation, units of measurement, sources of radiation exposure, methods of radiation protection including time, distance, shielding and collimation, biological effects of radiation, x-ray equipment, patient exposure and positioning, quality assurance programs, and regulations. The objectives of the presentation are to review these topics and summarize radiation safety procedures for medical professionals.
This presentation covers the history and fundamentals of radiation including the electromagnetic spectrum, types of radiation, atoms, and general radiation safety principles such as ALARA. Key topics include ionizing versus non-ionizing radiation, radiation sources, radiation effects on cells, comparison of radiation doses, and methods of personal radiation monitoring including film badges, pocket dosimeters, and thermoluminescent dosimeters.
싸이퍼랩 RS30은 안드로이드 4.4를 지원하는 안드로이드 PDA로 1.3GHz Cortex Quad Core CPU를 채택한 기업용 모바일 컴퓨터로서 기존의 스마트폰 사용자 환경에 친숙한 유저 인터페이스를 제공하고, 기업의 업무환경에 적합하도록 견고성 및 NFC, 바코드스캔, 무선통신등 다양한 기능을 제공합니다.
유통 및 물류 산업분야 사용에 적합하게 설계되었으며, TCO(총소유비용)를 낮추어주는 경제적인 솔루션입니다.
최신 최고 사양
최신 CPU(쿼드코어 1.3Ghz), 높은 메모리용량(8Gb Flash/1Gb RAM) 및 견고한 디스플레이 (4.4인치 고릴라 글래스 3)를 채택한 최신 사양의 안드로이드 디바이스입니다.
스마트폰 사용자에 익숙한 환경
기존 스마트폰과 유사한 UI제공 및 안드로이드(버전4.4)에서 운용되는 모든 어플리케이션을 수정 없이 사용가능합니다.
기업용 환경에 적합한 견고성 제공
일반 스마트폰에 비해 IP54 방수방진 및 1.5m 낙하 충격에도 견딜수 있는 견고성 제공으로 유통, 물류, 창고등의 업무에 적합합니다.
다양한 통신기능
기업 업무에 필요한 무선랜(802.11b/g/n), 3G 통신(HSDPA), 블루투스등을 지원합니다.
다양한 데이타 취득 기능
다양한 바코드 리더(1D CCD, 1D Laser, 2D Imager) 및 NFC기능을 제공하여 다양한 종류의 바코드 인식 및 NFC를 활용한 RFID 어플리케이션을 구현할수 있습니다.
AppLock 기능
RS30 화면의 복잡한 메뉴를 사용자가 필요로하는 메뉴만 화면에 표시가능하여 기기의 화면을 단순하게 유지하여 우연한 사용자 실수를 사전에 방지합니다.
다양한 기기 관리툴 제공
다수의 기기를 제어 및 관리할수 있는 소프트웨어(SOTI) 및 어플리케이션 개발을 지원하는 툴(KALIPSO Mobile Application Generator)을 제공하여 사용자 효율성 및 관리자의 업무 용이성을 높여줍니다.
4.7인치 민감한 터치 패털
0.2mm 두께의 라텍스 장갑 사용가능
PLATFORM, PROCESSOR & MEMORY
Operating System & CPU
OS Version : Android 4.4.2
CPU : Cortex 1.3 GHz Quad-Core Processor
Memory
ROM : 8GB eMMC
RAM : 1GB LPDDR2 RAM
Expansion Slot :
One microSDHC card slot (up to 32GB)
SDXC supported
COMMUNICATION & DATA CAPTURE
Communication
USB Client : USB 2.0 OTG
WPAN : Bluetooth Class II, v4.0 and v2.1+EDR
WLAN : IEEE 802.11b/g/n networking
WWAN :
Built-in module for Quadband HSPA+/GSM
GSM/GPRS/EDGE/WCDMA/UMTS/HSDPA/HSUPA/HSPA+
Frequency band:
GSM/GPRS/EDGE: 850/900/1800/1900
WCDMA/UMTS/HSDPA/HSUPA: 850/900/1900/2100
HSPA+: 14.4 Mbps/5.76 Mbps
Built-in GPS with AGPS support, ephemeris downloadable
Data & Image Capture
Digital Camera : 8 Mega pixels with user-controllable flash
Barcode Reader : Ordering options include Linear Imager (SM1), 1D Laser (SE955), 2D Imager(SE4500)
HF RFID Reader :
ISO14443A/B (Mifare), ISO15693 (Felica)
Supports NFC (Peer-to-peer, Card reader, Card emulation)
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Batteries
Main Battery Pack :
Rechargeable Li-ion battery: 3.7V, 2500 mAh
Charging time: 4 hours
Backup Battery :
Rechargeable Li-ion battery: 3.7V, 70 mAh
Data retention for 30 minutes
Charging time: 4 hours
Power Adaptor
Power Supply Cord with :
Input AC 100~240 V, 50/60 Hz
Universal Power Adaptor :
Output DC 5V, 2A
Working Time
Supports working time for up to 8-10 hours.
PROGRAMMING SUPPORT
Development Environment & Tools
Integrated Environment : Development Visual Studio 2008, Visual Studio 2005
Software Development Kit :
Microsoft SDK
System API (DLL) for system configuration
Reader API (DLL) for reader configuration
Software & Utilities
CipherLab Software Package : Reader Configuration
Third-party Software : Kalipso
ACCESSORIES
Accessory Options :
Hardshell
Charging Cradle
>하이온아이티
주소 : 서울 금천구 가산디지털2로 165, 1304호 (백상스타타워2차)
대표번호 : 02-2038-0018 / 이메일 : hion@hionit.com
홈페이지 : http://hionsmart.com
We are witness globally weather is changing due to development and destroy nature by Industries and Infrastructure Demand.
Lightning strike to ground can not be stop but this can be control and discharge to ground safely using best and latest practice document for Installation of Lightning Protection available Follow IEC62305 Conventional and Advance Effective ESE Type Lightning Protection NFC17-102 .
Now Days in India Many disaster happened more than 100 People Died due to Lightning and national Figure reported Human Loss 5000 or More and 1000 Cr. Value Assets burn partial of fully.
Lightning Early Warning is Responsibility of Every Government along with mandatory of Installation Lightning Protection under Electrical Safety .
Every Structure or Shed which is use for Public , other purpose Like Highways, Road ,Public Park , Museum should be protected from Lightning with Effective Earthing to discharge safely to ground.
Earthing and Surge Protection is very important under Electrical Safety to protect assets and Human Life for any kind of threat due to Lightning and Other Surges Reason Over Voltage or Transients.
Worldwide its duty of Engineering while design and Installation of any Projects for Building Infra, Industries and Public Transports Electrical Safety for any Power Supply to Equipment's will consider as priority and do Design ,Engineering ,Selection of Earthing ,Lightning and Surge Protection as per application and environment condition not a Similar BOQ for all Equipment's.
They should also give proper instruction for installation and Maintenance procedure to ensure long life and Safety of Human and sustainability of Equipment Life with performance .
Our Electrical and Fire Safety departments should aware latest National Electric Code follow and instruct all the Industries to follow same and ensure periodical maintenance by these people for safety of human Life and Valuable assets.
All The Leading Insurance Companies who do Insurance under cover Fire and other Damage of Equipment's due to power should aware Electrical Safety Law and ask report from customer before accept any Insurance or issuing Policy otherwise they may have bear huge loss plz refer USA and other forward Company report loss due to Lightning and Electrical Short Circuit.
Plz go through presentation
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Call M- 9811247237 manav.chandra@linkvuesystem.com
Mahesh Chandra Manav
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2. 2
What Are the Sources of Radiation?
Ionizing Radiation Exposures
At work or home, on board a plane or train, in the
mountains or ocean – wherever we go we are always
exposed to small detectable doses of radiation that
cause no harm. The sources of this radiation are
divided into natural and manmade. This dose is
called background radiation that is an integral factor
of life.
3. 3
Natural Sources of Radiation
We are constantly bombarded by cosmic
radiation from space, similar to a steady
drizzle of rain. Charged particles from the
sun and stars interact with the Earth’s
atmosphere and magnetic field to produce a
shower of radiation, typically beta and gamma
radiation.
What Are the Sources of Radiation?
4. 4
What Are the Sources of Radiation?
Small amounts of radioactive material are also found
naturally in soil, water, and vegetation. Some of these
materials can be ingested with food and water, while
others, such as radon gas, are inhaled. Certain
earthen building materials such as clay bricks, cement
blocks and wood can also have detectable amounts of
radiation that has been absorbed from the environment.
Your dose from these terrestrial sources varies in
different parts of the world, depending upon local
geology and many other factors.
In addition to the cosmic and terrestrial sources, all
people have radioactive potassium-40, carbon-14, and
other isotopes inside their bodies from birth.
5. 5
Man-Made Sources of Radiation
Both the general public and radiation workers receive exposure
from manmade radiation sources.
Sources of manmade radiation exposures include:
Medical Procedures - Diagnostic x-rays, nuclear medicine, and
radiation therapy.
Consumer products - Tobacco, television screens, luminous
watches dials, smoke detectors, fluorescent lamp starters,
camping lantern mantles, Airport X-ray systems.
The public is also exposed to shipments of radioactive materials
and residual fallout from nuclear weapons testing and accidents,
such as Chernobyl.
We all receive a total background radiation dose of about 360
millirems (mREM) or 3.6 milliSievert (mSv) per year,
approximately 81% percent from natural sources and 19 % from
manmade sources. These small natural and artificial background
radiation doses are not different in any kind or effect.
6. 6
Man-Made Sources of Radiation
Above this background level of radiation exposure,
Radiation Regulations require that licensees to limit
maximum radiation exposure to individual members
of the public to 100 mREM (1 mSv) per year, and
limit occupational radiation exposure to adults
working with radioactive material to 50 mSv per year.
Protecting personnel from harmful ionizing radiation
exposure is only possible through complying with
international radiation safety requirements.
7. 7
Non-Destructive Testing (NDT)
Non-Destructive testing (NDT) has a number of
important roles to play in ensuring the through-life
quality and reliability of many important products
whose integrity is of paramount importance. The
traditional role of NDT in quality control during
manufacture - predominantly defect detection - has
been complemented in recent years with
increasingly important inspections in-service on plant
and equipment at varying stages through life. The
correct application of NDT can prevent accidents,
save lives, protect the environment and avoid
economic loss.
8. 8
Non-Destructive Testing (NDT)
To achieve these objectives there is a need to
manage NDT operations to ensure that they are safe
to use. Many of the necessary controls are available
through the “Site Radiography Procedure“ such as;
Training and Certification for the Radiography
Workers
Medical Examination
Equipment Certification
Personal Alarm System and Exposure monitoring
devices (Film Badge, Dosimeter, Bleeper Radiation
Alert)
Radiation Monitoring Equipment (Survey meter)
9. 9
Radiography Workers
All personnel performing radiographic work shall be
licensed and approved by the appropriate
Government authorities. Documentation proving a
valid license and government approval shall be
examined prior to allowing any work to proceed.
Licensed approved contractors shall establish post,
maintain, and monitor perimeter barricades that will
limit personnel exposure outside the barricade to 2
MR/HR (milliroentgens per hour) or less.
10. 10
Radiography Operation
When using this equipment, one thing is paramount
above all else – the radiographer must have and use a
fully calibrated and functional radiation monitor at all
times. Radiography cameras are mechanical devices
and there is always a possibility of a malfunction.
Before use, the camera must be checked with a
monitor to ensure that the source is in the camera.
When the source is wound out, the site must be
monitored to ensure no person is exposed.
When the source is retracted, the site must be
monitored to ensure that the source has been retracted.
The camera must be monitored to ensure that the
source is in the camera.
11. 11
Radiography Operation
There are certain statutory requirements governing the
design and use of isotope cameras.
They cannot be closed or locked unless the source is fully
retracted.
They must include an effective locking device.
When loaded with a source, the radiation level at any point
5 cm from the surface must not exceed 2000μSv/hr
(microsievert per hour), and the radiation level at a distance
1 m from the external surface must not exceed 100μSv/hr.
It must be durably marked with the radiation hazard symbol
(tre-foil), and the words “Caution – Radioactive Material”
and a number of additional details that will allow the source
to be identified in the event of an accident.
13. 13
Radiography Operation
Working distance from an exposed source is critical to
minimize radiation dose
Wind-out cameras are provided with a cable that is
sufficiently long enough to enable the operator to
control the source from a location where the dose rate
is as low as practicable. The national code requires
that this control cable is at least 10 m long
The guide tube and hose must be placed so that the
source is propelled away from the operator and the
general public as it emerges from the container
14. 14
Radiography Operation
The operator is closest to the source at the moment it
leaves the container during wind-out, and again as it is
re-enters the container during retraction. This operation
of winding out and retracting should be done quickly,
but without undue haste that could lead to damage of
the winding mechanism.
15. 15
Radiography Operation
Tungsten Collimator
The far end of the guide tube should incorporate a collimator
made from a heavy metal such as tungsten. This device directs
the radiation in a beam towards the item to be radiographed,
and provides shielding in other directions.
Safe working distance depends largely upon the use and
effectiveness of shielding devices such as collimators during a
gamma ray exposure.
The national code of practice states that the maximum dose
rate at the boundary of an exposure area is 25μSv per hour.
16. 16
Radiation Exposure Controls
Radiation Monitoring
Equipment (Survey
meter)
An equipment use to to
determine the
presence and intensity
of radiation; the units
normally in mREM or
μSv/hr (microsievert
per hour)
17. 17
Radiation Exposure Controls
Radiation Alert (Bleeper )
Audible alarms are devices that emit a
short "beep" or "chirp" when a
predetermined exposure has been
received. It is required that these electronic
devices be worn by an individual working
with gamma emitters. These devices
reduce the likelihood of accidental
exposures in industrial radiography by
alerting the radiographer to dosages of
radiation above a preset amount. Typical
alarm rate meters will begin sounding in
areas of 450-500 mR/h. It is important to
note that audible alarms are not intended
to be and should not be used as
replacements for survey meters.
18. 18
Radiation Exposure Controls
Direct Reading Dosimeter
(DRD) & Digital Electronic
Dosimeter (DED)
Pocket dosimeters are used
to provide the wearer with an
immediate reading of his or
her exposure to x-rays and
gamma rays. As the name
implies, they are commonly
worn in the pocket. The two
types commonly used in
industrial radiography are the
Direct Read Pocket
Dosimeter and the Digital
Electronic Dosimeter.
19. 19
Radiation Exposure Controls
Film Badge is a dosimeter
used for monitoring
exposure to ionizing
radiation. The badge
requires two parts to be
effective: photographic film,
and a holder
Record all radiography
exposure level
Develop and replace every
month
Mandatory for all
Radiography workers
20. 20
Radiation Exposure Controls
Additional Safety Equipments that needs to be install
to prevent and inform other personnel that a
Radiography works is in progress;
Barricade
Warning Signs
Beacon lights
Note: Standby watchman shall also be provided if
necessary
21. 21
Radiation Exposure Controls
Beacon Light or
Warning Light
A bright rotating
warning light to warn
other personnel that a
hazards is present.
Two different color
Beacon lights are some
times use to determine
if the area is safe or
unsafe or area is clear
from radiation
22. 22
Radiation Exposure Controls
Barricade Tape
Barricades shall be erected,
based on calculations, at a
distance from the source of
radiation where levels are 2
MR/HR or less.
Tape/barricade on posts at
waist level is an acceptable
barricade. The barricade
shall consist of 2" wide
yellow tape with a magenta
stripe or with radiation
symbol.
23. 23
Radiation Exposure Controls
Warning Signs
Standard "Danger-
Radiation Area" signs
shall be placed on all
sides of the barricade in
conspicuous places and
at probable entrance
points.
24. 24
Source Container
Requirements:
It shall be durably marked with an accepted radiation
hazard symbol and the words "DANGER RADIOACTIVE".
This durable marking shall be made so as to remain
legible if the container is subjected to damage as a result
of a vehicle accident or fire.
It shall be resistant to toppling, rolling or impact.
It shall be provided with suitable lifting devices or
attachments.
It shall bear a firmly attached metal plate durably marked
with the data of the Subcontractor's name and telephone
number.
25. 25
Source Container
Firmly attached plate marked with the maximum
equivalent activities (of specified radioisotopes) which
may be kept in the container preferably expressed in
an appropriate form such as 'Rating Curie's cobalt 60'.
This information shall be given for all radioisotopes,
which the Subcontractor may wish to place in the
container.
The identification markings of the sources in the
container.
Tagging of the source container with a removable tag
is not allowed.
26. 26
Source Camera
Radioisotopes must be
handled in shielded
containers to prevent
exposure of operators and
the general public to
ionizing gamma rays. In
years gone by, these
containers were
constructed from lead, as it
is a dense metal with high
absorption of gamma rays.
27. 27
Source Camera
All radioisotope cameras used by the NDT industry are the remote
controlled type. The national code of practice requires that these
cameras be essentially safe, whether they are operated manually
or by power (electrical or hydraulic).
A wind-out camera is one where the radioisotope source is moved
from the shielded container to an exposure position outside of the
container. The most common form of operation is a Bowden cable
fitted to a mechanical winding handle. This cable is attached to a
pigtail fitted behind the radioisotope holder, and the source is
wound forward through a guide tube or hose to its exposure
position. A collimator is normally fitted over the hose at the
exposure position to absorb most of the radiation that is emitted in
directions not required for the exposure.
There are two basic types of wind-out cameras:
The S-tube
The straight tube
28. 28
Source Camera
The S-tube type
In the shielded position, the source is locked in
the centre section of the S-tube. Radiation
travels in straight lines and so cannot escape.
29. 29
Source Camera
The straight tube
The straight through type of wind-
out camera must include shielding
directly behind and directly ahead
of the radioisotope while it is in the
stored position. Hence, the pigtail
on these cameras is often made
from articulated segments of
tungsten or depleted uranium so
that they are sufficiently flexible to
travel around bends, and a plug or
a shutter drops into place ahead of
the isotope when the camera is
closed. These cameras
incorporate several safety
interlocks to prevent accidental
opening.
30. 30
Source Camera
The Pigtail
The pigtail consists of the source holder, a connecting
device and a wire cable joining the two. When not in
use, the connector is locked by a clamping device to
prevent accidental movement of the source.
31. 31
Permit To Work
Radiography Permit to Work shall be secure prior to any
Radiography works. Area must be clear for any unauthorized
personnel.
Close coordination should me made with the Site Emergency
Response Team or Site Radiography Officer.
A Permit to Work is a communication aid to ensure that all parties
involved in carrying out the work are consulted on the mitigation
to be carried out before the work is to start until such time that the
place of work is left in a safe state upon completion.
The object of the permit to WORK system is to ensure that written
permission and authorization is given to carry out the defined
WORK which is potentially hazardous and that all possible
measures are taken to maintain the safety of the personnel and
equipment in all areas of operation.
32. 32
Summary
The sources of radiation can be natural and manmade.
Radiography or NDE works is safe as long it will be
done according to Safe procedure.
Different types of Safety equipments are essential
during Radiography Operation.
Proper Training, Certification for the Radiographer and
close Supervision is a must during this operation
Regular Film Badge monitoring and medical check-up
is a must for radiographer