The document outlines the typical structure and components of an academic article, including: an introduction, literature review, methodology, results, and discussion section. It provides guidance on what each section commonly includes, such as the introduction grabbing reader attention and outlining the study, the literature review critically summarizing previous research, and the discussion relating findings to prior work and implications. Key aspects like restating the purpose, summarizing results, and addressing limitations are emphasized for the discussion section.

1. How To Successfully Write
An Academic Article

2. Structure of an Academic Article
1. Title (commonly consists of 8-15 words)
2. Abstract (commonly consists of 200-250 words)
3. Keywords (commonly consists of 8-10 words)
4. Introduction (commonly consists of 500-1000 words)
5. Literature Review (commonly consists of 1000-2000 words)
6. Methods (commonly consists of 500-1000 words)
7. Results (commonly consists of 1000-1500 words)
8. Discussion (commonly consists of 1000-1500)

3. Title
It should clearly reflect the issue being discussed.
It should state what is researched.
It should state how the issue is researched.
It should state the population.
It should state the geographical context of the research.

4. Abstract
Is a brief but contentful summary of an article.
Point to considers:
Component 1: it should convey a thematic sentence so that the
readers can comprehend what the issue is
Component 2: it should state the purpose of the study
Component 3: it should state the practical/academic
application of the study.
Component 4: It should state briefly the methodology used in
the research.
Component 5: It should state the main findings.
Component 6: It should state the contribution of the study.
Component 7: It should state managerial implication.

5. Abstract: [Component 1] Most research on business relationships and networks
concentrateson social bonds, such as trust and commitment. Little research considers
technical bonds and how they interact with social bonds within a relationship.
[Component 2 and 3] Thus, this research investigates how technical bonds of
information technology link with social bonds in the relationship between two
organisations in a business system, in particular, between a franchisor and franchisees
withinn a franchise system. [Component 4] First, a conceptual framework of the
structure of a relationship between business alliance partners was synthesised from the
business-to-business marketing literature. Then Australian franchisors were surveyed
about the effects of their investments in information technology upon their franchisor-
franchisee relationship. Structural equation modelling techniques were used to analyse
the data. [Component 5] The resulsts provided support for the conceptual framework,
with the franchisor’s increased technical competence from information technology
improving the social bonds in a relationship but those bonds being secondary to further
technical investment. [Component 7] An implication for managers is that investments in
information technology operate through the social bonds within their business.
Adapted from Perry, Cavaye, and Coote (2002:75)

6. Keywords
It functions to help potential readers locate their interests, as
well as to place the journal on the electronic databse.
It should reflect the discipline, the sub-discipline, theme,
research design and context

7. Introduction
Introduction can be considered as “...an executive summary” that informs
readers of what things to come. It will grab the attention of the readers by
stimulating, attention, interest, and efforts to act.
It usually has 6 elements:
•Element 1: The general topic of the study
•Element 2: The writer must infom the academic and the pratical use of the
study after the general topic was introduced.
•Element 3: The available mentionings of literature and cites of previous
studies toward the relevance to this current research.
•Element 4: The showing of controversies or inconsistencies in the literature
addressed by the current study.
•Element 5: the main research proble, precise research objectives, the
context of the study, and the units of analysis of the study.
•Element 6: the outlint of the structure of the remain of the article.

8. Literature Review
It in overall represents the main theoritical element of an
article, and usually covers the aspect to show in a literature
review, the way we want to digest and to synthesise
information, the way we structure, the writing style we use.
This part, in general, is a way to look at the point of what other
researchers have conducted concerning a study. It does not
summarise relevant previous research, but to compile a neat
structural items in a critical, and concise way.

9. Methodology
A step that decribes sequences involved in the running of the
study as well as a short justification of the choosing of research
method. It should give clear explanation on how we evaluate
things, and information so that other researchers will be able to
study more about our methodology.
The subsections used are:
•Sampling
•Data Collection
•Measures

10. Result
It is a section that summarises collected data in statistical description as
well as the results of any relevant inferential statistical analyses. This
leads to your justification of the conclusions you mention.
The writing of result should be concise, and have basic statistical
knowledge. We are often permitted to present findings on the form of
figures and tables.

11. Discussion
It is the most crucial part of an academic article as it is the last thing a
reader will see. It should, in general:
1. Restate the main purpose of the study.
2. Reassure the importance of the study
3. Summarise the results in relation to each research objective
4. Relate the findings of the study to the literature
5. Provide ample explanation
6. Discuss the managerial implication of the study
7. Highlight the main limitations of the study
8. Discuss the directions and opportunities for future research on the
topic