The installation of fire detectors and manual call points is one of the main part of the installation of fire alarm and linkage system. With the development of intelligent fire-fighting technology, there are more types of fire detectors and manual push buttons, and the installation and wiring method may be different. https://www.vedard.com/blog
This document discusses fire safety requirements for high rise buildings as per the National Building Code of India. It covers classification of buildings, requirements for road width, entrance width and height clearance, setbacks and open spaces, staircases, lifts, refuge areas, service ducts, firefighting systems including wet riser, downcomer systems, water tanks, pumps, fire alarms and fire detection systems. The key requirements are that high rise buildings must have a minimum of two staircases, fire lifts, refuge areas, built-in firefighting systems, fire alarms and detectors to ensure fire safety.
Fire detection and alarm systems are installed to notify occupants of a fire, summon assistance to fight fires, and initiate automatic suppression systems. There are different types of automatic alarm initiating devices like heat, smoke, and flame detectors that sense fire. Indicating devices like audible alarms and visible strobes alert people of a fire. Automatic alarm systems transmit alarm signals off-site to notify emergency responders. These systems are supervised to ensure proper operation and may include auxiliary functions to support firefighting and safety.
Follow India national building code(NBC2016) for electrical installation and ...Mahesh Chandra Manav
We are all aware now days getting new Regarding Fire Accident and Claiming Due to short circuit and Died and Causality one or two Days Serious Comment by Political Party later forget .
if we are all keep our irresponsible and some people personal interest pass un authorized Construction by Electrical Inspector and Fire and Safety Personal Later People Build Unauthorized Changes .
all this is not Secret known by respected agencies they only interest to Satisfy their personal need by culprit.
If we as citizen not allow and follow strictly NBC2016 for Electrical Installation.
JMV LPS LTD will support all Industries , Consultants and End User require Earthing for Equipment's Follow IS3043(2018), Grid Earthing IEEE80 , NBC2016 Lightning Protection , Exothermic Weld , Copper Clad Steel Conductors and Surge Protection for Power Data and Communication .
We have CDEGS Software , for Design Earthing , IEC62305 for Lightning and LAB for Testing 200kA 10/350 ,50kA 8/20 Surge High Voltage 550KV accerlate with NABL and according to IEC
Plz Call for Design , Presentation Mahesh Chandra Manav M-9910398999 manav@jmv.co.in
The document discusses fire detection and alarm systems. It provides details on:
1) The purposes of fire detection systems which are to detect fires, notify occupants, summon assistance and initiate suppression systems.
2) The basic components of systems including input devices like manual pull stations and detectors, and output devices like alarms and controls.
3) Different types of detectors like heat, smoke and gas detectors and their functions.
4) Factors to consider for detector placement like area size and layout.
5) Conventional and addressable microprocessor-based systems and their advantages.
6) Approvals and standards required for fire detection systems.
This document discusses fire safety measures for buildings based on NBC 2005 regulations. It outlines the most common causes of commercial fires such as cooking equipment, heating equipment, electrical systems, smoking materials, and arson. It provides guidelines for building materials, staircases, lifts, firefighting shafts, and fire escapes. Staircases should be enclosed and constructed of non-combustible materials. Lifts should have fire-rated enclosures and not be considered a means of escape. Firefighting shafts and external fire escapes should be directly accessible from the ground.
This document provides an overview of various waterproofing methods. It defines waterproofing and explains the importance. It then describes conventional methods like brick bat coba, bituminous treatments, and box-type waterproofing. It also covers modern techniques like crystalline waterproofing and flexible membrane waterproofing systems. For each method, it provides details on materials, application procedures, advantages, and limitations. The document serves as a comprehensive reference on traditional and contemporary waterproofing options.
This document discusses various fire resistant materials used in construction including bricks, timber, concrete, mineral wool, gypsum board, asbestos sheets, perlite boards, and calcium silicate boards. Bricks and concrete have good fire resistance due to their non-combustible nature and ability to withstand high temperatures. Mineral wool, gypsum board, and calcium silicate boards are also fire resistant and used for thermal insulation and fireproofing. Asbestos sheets and perlite boards provide fire resistance but have health and safety concerns. The fire resistance of materials depends on their composition and ability to conduct heat.
Fire Prevention Measures for High Rise BuildingsRanjeet Kumar
This document outlines the fire safety measures for a building in Mumbai, India. It discusses both passive measures like building structure, office layout, and benchmarking, as well as active measures such as fire detection and extinguishing equipment, maintenance, and compliance audits. The manager oversees these measures to ensure emergency action plans, internal guidelines, and the new IS fire code are followed to prevent fires and keep occupants safe.
This document discusses fire safety requirements for high rise buildings as per the National Building Code of India. It covers classification of buildings, requirements for road width, entrance width and height clearance, setbacks and open spaces, staircases, lifts, refuge areas, service ducts, firefighting systems including wet riser, downcomer systems, water tanks, pumps, fire alarms and fire detection systems. The key requirements are that high rise buildings must have a minimum of two staircases, fire lifts, refuge areas, built-in firefighting systems, fire alarms and detectors to ensure fire safety.
Fire detection and alarm systems are installed to notify occupants of a fire, summon assistance to fight fires, and initiate automatic suppression systems. There are different types of automatic alarm initiating devices like heat, smoke, and flame detectors that sense fire. Indicating devices like audible alarms and visible strobes alert people of a fire. Automatic alarm systems transmit alarm signals off-site to notify emergency responders. These systems are supervised to ensure proper operation and may include auxiliary functions to support firefighting and safety.
Follow India national building code(NBC2016) for electrical installation and ...Mahesh Chandra Manav
We are all aware now days getting new Regarding Fire Accident and Claiming Due to short circuit and Died and Causality one or two Days Serious Comment by Political Party later forget .
if we are all keep our irresponsible and some people personal interest pass un authorized Construction by Electrical Inspector and Fire and Safety Personal Later People Build Unauthorized Changes .
all this is not Secret known by respected agencies they only interest to Satisfy their personal need by culprit.
If we as citizen not allow and follow strictly NBC2016 for Electrical Installation.
JMV LPS LTD will support all Industries , Consultants and End User require Earthing for Equipment's Follow IS3043(2018), Grid Earthing IEEE80 , NBC2016 Lightning Protection , Exothermic Weld , Copper Clad Steel Conductors and Surge Protection for Power Data and Communication .
We have CDEGS Software , for Design Earthing , IEC62305 for Lightning and LAB for Testing 200kA 10/350 ,50kA 8/20 Surge High Voltage 550KV accerlate with NABL and according to IEC
Plz Call for Design , Presentation Mahesh Chandra Manav M-9910398999 manav@jmv.co.in
The document discusses fire detection and alarm systems. It provides details on:
1) The purposes of fire detection systems which are to detect fires, notify occupants, summon assistance and initiate suppression systems.
2) The basic components of systems including input devices like manual pull stations and detectors, and output devices like alarms and controls.
3) Different types of detectors like heat, smoke and gas detectors and their functions.
4) Factors to consider for detector placement like area size and layout.
5) Conventional and addressable microprocessor-based systems and their advantages.
6) Approvals and standards required for fire detection systems.
This document discusses fire safety measures for buildings based on NBC 2005 regulations. It outlines the most common causes of commercial fires such as cooking equipment, heating equipment, electrical systems, smoking materials, and arson. It provides guidelines for building materials, staircases, lifts, firefighting shafts, and fire escapes. Staircases should be enclosed and constructed of non-combustible materials. Lifts should have fire-rated enclosures and not be considered a means of escape. Firefighting shafts and external fire escapes should be directly accessible from the ground.
This document provides an overview of various waterproofing methods. It defines waterproofing and explains the importance. It then describes conventional methods like brick bat coba, bituminous treatments, and box-type waterproofing. It also covers modern techniques like crystalline waterproofing and flexible membrane waterproofing systems. For each method, it provides details on materials, application procedures, advantages, and limitations. The document serves as a comprehensive reference on traditional and contemporary waterproofing options.
This document discusses various fire resistant materials used in construction including bricks, timber, concrete, mineral wool, gypsum board, asbestos sheets, perlite boards, and calcium silicate boards. Bricks and concrete have good fire resistance due to their non-combustible nature and ability to withstand high temperatures. Mineral wool, gypsum board, and calcium silicate boards are also fire resistant and used for thermal insulation and fireproofing. Asbestos sheets and perlite boards provide fire resistance but have health and safety concerns. The fire resistance of materials depends on their composition and ability to conduct heat.
Fire Prevention Measures for High Rise BuildingsRanjeet Kumar
This document outlines the fire safety measures for a building in Mumbai, India. It discusses both passive measures like building structure, office layout, and benchmarking, as well as active measures such as fire detection and extinguishing equipment, maintenance, and compliance audits. The manager oversees these measures to ensure emergency action plans, internal guidelines, and the new IS fire code are followed to prevent fires and keep occupants safe.
On Friday June, 1st. 2012 we held a small seminar on Home and Building Automation Technologies, with a particular focus on peculiarities, issues and idiosyncrasies to account when starting to integrate a new technology in Dog.
After a first introduction on the general concepts of Home and Building Automation, the seminar focuses on 3 main technologies: MyOpen, KNX and Modbus and for each of them provides a short introduction highlighting the relevant features to account when integrating such technologies in Dog. The last part of the seminar analyzes the design and implementation choices driving the integration of such technologies in Dog, with a particular focus on the abstraction process.
The seminar is the first of 2 presentations on the Home and Building Automation topic. The next seminar will be held on Wednesday June 6th, 2012, and will focus on the Dog gateway, by providing a deep architecture analysis and by proposing several development guidelines.
This presentation deals with the capacity of Fire Escapes, no. of fire escapes required in a building and the different Fire Escape system along with their functionality...
Insights on Fire Safety Related Requirements in National Building Code (NBC)Consultivo
The presentation on 'Insights on Fire Safety related requirements in National Building Code – NBC' gives an overview of the National Building Code (NBC), requirements related to fire safety and the latest changes. It discusses about the revised NBC rules (NBC 2016 requirements), fire prevention techniques with reference to buildings and also some take home points.
IMPORTANCE & PURPOSES OF SPECIFICATIONSagar Kaptan
Specifications provide a detailed description of the quality of materials and workmanship required to complete an engineering project. They form part of the contract documents along with drawings. Specifications describe the type and quality of materials, preparation and workmanship methods, measurement procedures, and other item details. They are important because some information cannot be shown on drawings due to space limitations. Specifications also govern if there is a discrepancy with drawings. They are necessary for contractors to fill rates in tenders, and for supervising staff to ensure work meets quality standards. The purposes of specifications are to define material quality, workmanship quality and methods, clarify drawings, and guide rate filling, verification, arbitration, and equipment procurement.
The document discusses specifications, which are explicit sets of requirements for materials, products, or services. It describes different types of specifications like formal, program, functional, and document specifications. It also outlines how specifications are developed by various organizations, their common uses in engineering and business, guidance for writing good specifications, and considerations for process capabilities during production.
The document summarizes a site visit to a boys' hostel and mess hall under construction to understand how electrical, plumbing, and fire safety systems are installed. Key points covered include the sanitary pipe layout and components like traps; the electrical room, distribution systems, and voltage classifications; and fire safety regulations for buildings over 15m. The visit provided insights into implementing these critical building systems during construction.
The document outlines design principles for fire safety in three areas: architectural, structural, and electrical. Architectural principles include allowing enough space for emergency vehicles and evacuation, using fire-resistant materials, and minimizing combustibles. Structural principles involve protecting steel components from heat up to 120 minutes at a limiting temperature and ensuring no cracks or insufficient steel covering. Electrical principles consist of safely enclosing and sealing wiring, installing a master control switch per floor, using quality electrical equipment earthed and fused appropriately, and including fire detection systems with individual power rooms and maintenance of the electrical system.
Suspended ceilings are used to conceal structural features, pipes, ducts and provide acoustic and thermal insulation. Different types of grids are used including exposed, concealed and semi-concealed grids made of materials like metal, wood or gypsum board. Proper installation requires marking locations, installing perimeter trims and hangers before laying panels or tiles. Factors like fire resistance, lighting fixtures and sprinkler head clearance must be considered during installation and design of suspended ceilings.
The document discusses fire safety planning and management for urban infrastructure. It begins with an introduction on the importance of locating fire stations strategically so that fire brigades can respond quickly and effectively in emergencies. It then covers various topics related to fire safety including causes of fire, criteria for locating fire stations, water demand calculations, firefighting equipment, and government advisory council standards. The document also provides an overview of the current fire station network and regulations in Surat City. In summary, it emphasizes the key role of urban planners in facilitating effective fire response through strategic station placement, adequate infrastructure, and compliance with building codes.
This document provides an overview of fire protection requirements for high-rise buildings in India according to the National Building Code. It discusses causes of fire, fire hazards, fire load classification, classification of building types, characteristics of combustible and non-combustible materials, concepts of passive and active fire protection including compartmentation, means of escape, and fixed firefighting installations. It also summarizes rules for minimum road widths, building entrance dimensions, setbacks, parking, staircases, lifts, refuge areas, service ducts, water tanks, pumps, fire alarm and detection systems, sprinklers, portable extinguishers, and requirements for a fire officer, helipad, fire drills and orders in high-rise buildings.
Basis of water requirements for different types of buildings by Dr RL MeenaDr. RL Meena
The document outlines water requirement norms for different types of buildings based on various sources and guidelines. It states that office buildings require 45 LPCD for staff and 15 LPCD for visitors. Residential buildings require 135 LPCD for residents and 45 LPCD for visitors/guests. Reduce water norms shall be 86 LPCD for residents and 28 LPCD for visitors/guests. The document provides these norms and cites its sources which include manuals, codes, and guidelines on environmental clearance, construction projects, and building water supply.
FIRE NORMS AND INDIAN HABITAT CENTRE CASE STUDYNamrata Jindal
The document provides details about the fire safety systems at the Indian Habitat Centre in New Delhi. It describes the fire pump room in the basement that houses four types of fire pumps to supply water in case of a fire. It also discusses the fire alarm system including smoke detectors and fire alarms on each floor. The document evaluates the building's exits, corridors, pressurization systems, sprinklers, and fire control room against National Building Code standards. It includes a questionnaire that assesses various fire safety aspects of the building.
This document provides an overview of fire fighting concepts, classifications of buildings, architectural planning considerations for fire safety, fire detection systems, and fire fighting systems. It discusses factors that influence fire resistance periods for buildings and classifications for different building groups. It also outlines National Building Code regulations regarding building heights, setbacks, parking, staircases, lifts, and refuge areas. Finally, it briefly describes common fire detection and fire fighting equipment like smoke detectors, sprinklers, sand buckets, fire extinguishers, and hydrants.
This presentation includes Electrical services basic layout and basic terminologies related to electrical services and its also includes types of wiring and system of wiring....
Telecommunication Services for High Rise BuildingsPang Shuen
The document discusses telecommunication services for high-rise buildings. It introduces telecommunication systems and challenges in high-rise buildings like fire safety and efficient service. It covers applications like fiber optics and copper cables. It also discusses structured cabling systems, main distribution frames, telecom rooms, and network architectures. Finally, it examines potential problems like damage to cables, maintenance issues, and space shortages as well as examples of cable types. A case study on the Petronas Twin Towers elaborates on its sophisticated internal telecom infrastructure designed to support worldwide operations.
What is MEPIn the construction world, MEP stands for “mechanical, electrical and plumbing.” MEP engineering is the science and art of planning, designing and managing the MEP systems of a building. MEP systems:MEP (Mechanical, Electrical & Plumbing) covers the whole range of building services. Building services are the systems, installed in buildings that make them comfortable, functional, efficient, and safe. MEP systems are generally not part of the constructional elements of a building, but do interfere with the building envelope. Also, MEP components like piping and ducts can be integrated in (prefab) building elements
This document discusses various types of acoustical materials used to control sound, including sound absorbers, diffusers, barriers, and reflectors. It provides details on common sound absorbing materials like acoustical foam panels, fabric-wrapped panels, wall coverings, ceiling tiles, and baffles. These materials use porous materials like foam, fiberglass, and fabrics to absorb sound waves. The document also briefly mentions sound diffusers which scatter sound reflections instead of absorbing them.
1. The document provides instructions for installing a Huawei F01T500 cabinet, including installing the cabinet on a concrete pedestal, routing cables, and powering on the system.
2. Key steps include constructing the concrete pedestal, fastening the cabinet to the pedestal using expansion bolts, routing the protective grounding cable, connecting power cables to the circuit breaker in the power meter box, and sealing cable holes to prevent moisture entry.
3. Precautions include properly grounding the cabinet, insulating bare cable parts, using appropriately sized cables, and sealing gaps to prevent vapor entry into the cabinet.
High-frequency microwave pulses issued by the guided wave radar propagate along detection components (steel cable or steel rod), met the media to be measured, since the dielectric constant of the mutation, cause reflections, a portion of the pulse energy is reflected back. Transmit pulse and the reflected pulse is proportional to the distance and the time interval measured media.
On Friday June, 1st. 2012 we held a small seminar on Home and Building Automation Technologies, with a particular focus on peculiarities, issues and idiosyncrasies to account when starting to integrate a new technology in Dog.
After a first introduction on the general concepts of Home and Building Automation, the seminar focuses on 3 main technologies: MyOpen, KNX and Modbus and for each of them provides a short introduction highlighting the relevant features to account when integrating such technologies in Dog. The last part of the seminar analyzes the design and implementation choices driving the integration of such technologies in Dog, with a particular focus on the abstraction process.
The seminar is the first of 2 presentations on the Home and Building Automation topic. The next seminar will be held on Wednesday June 6th, 2012, and will focus on the Dog gateway, by providing a deep architecture analysis and by proposing several development guidelines.
This presentation deals with the capacity of Fire Escapes, no. of fire escapes required in a building and the different Fire Escape system along with their functionality...
Insights on Fire Safety Related Requirements in National Building Code (NBC)Consultivo
The presentation on 'Insights on Fire Safety related requirements in National Building Code – NBC' gives an overview of the National Building Code (NBC), requirements related to fire safety and the latest changes. It discusses about the revised NBC rules (NBC 2016 requirements), fire prevention techniques with reference to buildings and also some take home points.
IMPORTANCE & PURPOSES OF SPECIFICATIONSagar Kaptan
Specifications provide a detailed description of the quality of materials and workmanship required to complete an engineering project. They form part of the contract documents along with drawings. Specifications describe the type and quality of materials, preparation and workmanship methods, measurement procedures, and other item details. They are important because some information cannot be shown on drawings due to space limitations. Specifications also govern if there is a discrepancy with drawings. They are necessary for contractors to fill rates in tenders, and for supervising staff to ensure work meets quality standards. The purposes of specifications are to define material quality, workmanship quality and methods, clarify drawings, and guide rate filling, verification, arbitration, and equipment procurement.
The document discusses specifications, which are explicit sets of requirements for materials, products, or services. It describes different types of specifications like formal, program, functional, and document specifications. It also outlines how specifications are developed by various organizations, their common uses in engineering and business, guidance for writing good specifications, and considerations for process capabilities during production.
The document summarizes a site visit to a boys' hostel and mess hall under construction to understand how electrical, plumbing, and fire safety systems are installed. Key points covered include the sanitary pipe layout and components like traps; the electrical room, distribution systems, and voltage classifications; and fire safety regulations for buildings over 15m. The visit provided insights into implementing these critical building systems during construction.
The document outlines design principles for fire safety in three areas: architectural, structural, and electrical. Architectural principles include allowing enough space for emergency vehicles and evacuation, using fire-resistant materials, and minimizing combustibles. Structural principles involve protecting steel components from heat up to 120 minutes at a limiting temperature and ensuring no cracks or insufficient steel covering. Electrical principles consist of safely enclosing and sealing wiring, installing a master control switch per floor, using quality electrical equipment earthed and fused appropriately, and including fire detection systems with individual power rooms and maintenance of the electrical system.
Suspended ceilings are used to conceal structural features, pipes, ducts and provide acoustic and thermal insulation. Different types of grids are used including exposed, concealed and semi-concealed grids made of materials like metal, wood or gypsum board. Proper installation requires marking locations, installing perimeter trims and hangers before laying panels or tiles. Factors like fire resistance, lighting fixtures and sprinkler head clearance must be considered during installation and design of suspended ceilings.
The document discusses fire safety planning and management for urban infrastructure. It begins with an introduction on the importance of locating fire stations strategically so that fire brigades can respond quickly and effectively in emergencies. It then covers various topics related to fire safety including causes of fire, criteria for locating fire stations, water demand calculations, firefighting equipment, and government advisory council standards. The document also provides an overview of the current fire station network and regulations in Surat City. In summary, it emphasizes the key role of urban planners in facilitating effective fire response through strategic station placement, adequate infrastructure, and compliance with building codes.
This document provides an overview of fire protection requirements for high-rise buildings in India according to the National Building Code. It discusses causes of fire, fire hazards, fire load classification, classification of building types, characteristics of combustible and non-combustible materials, concepts of passive and active fire protection including compartmentation, means of escape, and fixed firefighting installations. It also summarizes rules for minimum road widths, building entrance dimensions, setbacks, parking, staircases, lifts, refuge areas, service ducts, water tanks, pumps, fire alarm and detection systems, sprinklers, portable extinguishers, and requirements for a fire officer, helipad, fire drills and orders in high-rise buildings.
Basis of water requirements for different types of buildings by Dr RL MeenaDr. RL Meena
The document outlines water requirement norms for different types of buildings based on various sources and guidelines. It states that office buildings require 45 LPCD for staff and 15 LPCD for visitors. Residential buildings require 135 LPCD for residents and 45 LPCD for visitors/guests. Reduce water norms shall be 86 LPCD for residents and 28 LPCD for visitors/guests. The document provides these norms and cites its sources which include manuals, codes, and guidelines on environmental clearance, construction projects, and building water supply.
FIRE NORMS AND INDIAN HABITAT CENTRE CASE STUDYNamrata Jindal
The document provides details about the fire safety systems at the Indian Habitat Centre in New Delhi. It describes the fire pump room in the basement that houses four types of fire pumps to supply water in case of a fire. It also discusses the fire alarm system including smoke detectors and fire alarms on each floor. The document evaluates the building's exits, corridors, pressurization systems, sprinklers, and fire control room against National Building Code standards. It includes a questionnaire that assesses various fire safety aspects of the building.
This document provides an overview of fire fighting concepts, classifications of buildings, architectural planning considerations for fire safety, fire detection systems, and fire fighting systems. It discusses factors that influence fire resistance periods for buildings and classifications for different building groups. It also outlines National Building Code regulations regarding building heights, setbacks, parking, staircases, lifts, and refuge areas. Finally, it briefly describes common fire detection and fire fighting equipment like smoke detectors, sprinklers, sand buckets, fire extinguishers, and hydrants.
This presentation includes Electrical services basic layout and basic terminologies related to electrical services and its also includes types of wiring and system of wiring....
Telecommunication Services for High Rise BuildingsPang Shuen
The document discusses telecommunication services for high-rise buildings. It introduces telecommunication systems and challenges in high-rise buildings like fire safety and efficient service. It covers applications like fiber optics and copper cables. It also discusses structured cabling systems, main distribution frames, telecom rooms, and network architectures. Finally, it examines potential problems like damage to cables, maintenance issues, and space shortages as well as examples of cable types. A case study on the Petronas Twin Towers elaborates on its sophisticated internal telecom infrastructure designed to support worldwide operations.
What is MEPIn the construction world, MEP stands for “mechanical, electrical and plumbing.” MEP engineering is the science and art of planning, designing and managing the MEP systems of a building. MEP systems:MEP (Mechanical, Electrical & Plumbing) covers the whole range of building services. Building services are the systems, installed in buildings that make them comfortable, functional, efficient, and safe. MEP systems are generally not part of the constructional elements of a building, but do interfere with the building envelope. Also, MEP components like piping and ducts can be integrated in (prefab) building elements
This document discusses various types of acoustical materials used to control sound, including sound absorbers, diffusers, barriers, and reflectors. It provides details on common sound absorbing materials like acoustical foam panels, fabric-wrapped panels, wall coverings, ceiling tiles, and baffles. These materials use porous materials like foam, fiberglass, and fabrics to absorb sound waves. The document also briefly mentions sound diffusers which scatter sound reflections instead of absorbing them.
1. The document provides instructions for installing a Huawei F01T500 cabinet, including installing the cabinet on a concrete pedestal, routing cables, and powering on the system.
2. Key steps include constructing the concrete pedestal, fastening the cabinet to the pedestal using expansion bolts, routing the protective grounding cable, connecting power cables to the circuit breaker in the power meter box, and sealing cable holes to prevent moisture entry.
3. Precautions include properly grounding the cabinet, insulating bare cable parts, using appropriately sized cables, and sealing gaps to prevent vapor entry into the cabinet.
High-frequency microwave pulses issued by the guided wave radar propagate along detection components (steel cable or steel rod), met the media to be measured, since the dielectric constant of the mutation, cause reflections, a portion of the pulse energy is reflected back. Transmit pulse and the reflected pulse is proportional to the distance and the time interval measured media.
BTS Reserves for Installation, Preventative Maintenance and Acceptanceibrahimnabil17
1. Install the BTS cabinet and make sure bolts are fixed well to secure it to the shelter ground. Install L-angles to fix the cabinet to the wall.
2. Make sure proper cable installation including power, E1, fiber, alarm and jumper cables in good arrangement using clips and ties. Ensure spacing between cables and clips.
3. Configure the BTS and integrate it to ensure it is clear from alarms during performance and integration testing.
This document provides installation instructions for the Pluto Range Gas Ducted Heater made by Eco Pacific Pty. Ltd. It includes descriptions of the heater components, general requirements, installation procedures, pre-commissioning checklist, operating instructions, and commissioning procedure. Dimensions and specifications for the heaters are provided in tables. The instructions cover topics such as location and clearances, gas and electrical connections, ductwork, room thermostat installation, and starting up and operating the heater.
This document provides information about electrical installation planning and wiring layout for multistorey buildings. It discusses how to create a wiring blueprint based on the building plan, including indicating loads, distribution boards, outlets and wiring routes. It also covers calculating the electrical load and number of circuits, sizing cables and conductors, and preparing an estimation of materials. Proper wiring layout allows electricians to easily install wiring according to the diagram. Distribution boards are also summarized, including types, installation procedures and protection devices.
Indoor environmental-quality-in-healthcare-3-2Jessyca Than
The document discusses indoor environmental quality (IEQ) in healthcare and office settings. It covers several topics:
1) IEQ factors like lighting, air quality, and dampness that determine indoor environment quality.
2) Common IEQ systems used in offices like air conditioners and daylighting to control temperature, humidity, and introduce natural light.
3) The installation process for a split air conditioning system and a tubular daylighting device.
EtisalatTelecom Model 2016 modified.pptxssuser8298f2
This document provides installation guidelines and requirements for various telecommunications site equipment. Some key points include:
- Antennas, cables, and other equipment should be installed according to approved design specifications and arrangements. Proper sealing, labeling, and fastening is required.
- Site layouts and wiring diagrams are provided as examples for indoor and outdoor installation of cabinets, racks, cables, and other gear.
- Specific installation, configuration, and testing instructions are given for items like antennas, radios, fiber cables, power equipment, batteries, and alarms. Proper grounding, arrangement, and labeling is emphasized.
- Photographs show examples of proper installation of equipment like cabinets, cable management, labeling,
Indoor environmental-quality-in-healthcare (3)Yong Sy
The document discusses indoor environmental quality in healthcare and office settings. It covers factors that influence indoor air quality like lighting, ventilation, and damp conditions. It also discusses common sources of indoor air contaminants and the importance of controlling them to prevent worker symptoms. The document then provides details on installing a split air conditioning system as the most commonly used ventilation system in offices. The installation process involves mounting indoor and outdoor units, running refrigerant pipes and electrical wiring between units, and completing the system by bleeding air and insulating pipes.
The sensazone system uses PIR sensors to control water supply and lighting/ventilation in washrooms. It can be used in single or multiple entrance washrooms. The core product controls a single zone's water supply, while adding interface modules and additional sensors/valves allows controlling multiple zones. Installation involves mounting sensors, connecting the interface module to sensors/controls, installing valves, and wiring lights/fans to the fan/lighting control module. Cables between components must not exceed specified maximum lengths.
Adjustable Range : 760 to 100 mm Hg Vacuum
Enclosure : IP 54, IP 65, IP 66 & Flameproof
Pressure Housing : Aluminium, Brass or, SS 316
Diaphragm : Neoprene, Teflon or, SS 316
Differential : Adjustable from 100 to 500 mm Hg
Max. Working Pressure : 12 bar
Switch type : 1 no. SPDT snap action micro switch
Switch rating : 5A, 250V AC Or, 0.2A, 250 V DC
Cable Gland : 3/8” Cable Entry
Calibration Scale : Optional
Pressure Port : 1/4” BSP (F)
Repeatability : 1% FSR
This document provides instructions for installing different types of ultrasonic flow meter transducers, including:
1. Clamp-on transducers which attach to the outside of pipes and require cleaning the installation area and applying couplant.
2. Insertion transducers which are inserted directly into pipes and welded in place. Special straps are needed for some pipe materials.
3. In-line transducers which are flanged directly to pipes and have standardized dimensions for different pipe sizes. Parameters must be provided when ordering.
The document describes the installation process for each type in detail, including preparing the installation area, calculating spacing, installing the transducers, and sealing connections to prevent
Annex 4 part 1-fdh (i) installation guideIgors Cardoso
The document provides installation guidelines for fiber distribution hubs (FDHs) including rack module placements, cable routing and termination, labeling procedures, and testing. It describes two common FDH configurations - one for buildings with up to 256 tenants using a single rack, and another for 256 to 480 tenants using two racks with patch cabling between. Key steps include installing modules, terminating feeder and drop cables, labeling all cables and connectors, and performing optical power tests before documentation.
The document provides specifications for the electrical systems in a radiology room, including:
1) Raceway systems will be installed to route wiring for radiology equipment, with floor, wall, and ceiling troughs.
2) Wiring will include high voltage cables for equipment, and grounding conductors.
3) Installation will require coordinating with equipment layout and shielding, and certifications will be provided upon completion.
D.04 Solar Photovoltaic Systems 12 24 08guestaa3f06
This document provides guidelines for fire safety elements of solar photovoltaic systems. It establishes minimum standards for layout, marking, and installation of solar PV systems to mitigate fire safety risks. Key requirements include marking energized electrical equipment, providing access pathways on roofs for firefighters, and ensuring remote disconnect controls are properly labeled and located. Diagrams provide examples of pathway and ventilation requirements for different commercial building sizes and roof configurations.
This document provides installation instructions for the Huawei BTS3900E GSM BTS. It includes information on safety precautions, required tools, installation procedures, space requirements, and installation modes. The BTS can be installed on walls, poles, angle steel, U-steel, or L-shaped stands. Clearance requirements and installation diagrams are provided for single and multiple unit installations. Cable connections between the BTS and other network equipment are also described.
The pressure switch has a die cast aluminum enclosure that conforms to IP65 protection standards. It uses a piston and housing to convert pressure into mechanical force, which is balanced by a spring. When the pressure force exceeds the spring force, an electrical contact is actuated. The switch can be mounted in various positions and features different mounting options like line mounting using threads or bolts. It has a single SPDT microswitch and terminals conforming to DIN 43650 standards. The set point is adjustable by loosening a grub screw and turning an external set screw while applying pressure.
The document provides installation and configuration instructions for a FIBARO Intercom smart video doorbell, including choosing a location, routing wires, mounting components, connecting wires, installing an SD card, configuring the device on the app, setting up the network connection, adding users, and resetting to factory settings. Safety information is also included to avoid damage or legal issues when installing the device.
Isokern Celsius stove system installation instructionsSchiedel UK
Brochure from Schiedel. This forms part of our flue and chimney range and can be used with acknowledgement to Schiedel Chimney Systems Ltd. as well as a link to the original source at www.schiedel.com/uk
Schiedel's chimney flue range includes flue systems for residential and commercial applications. A typical flue installation includes steel chimney pipe or mineral pipe or module components from the heat source appliance (a stove, biomass or gas appliance for example) to it's termination point above the roof. Support is required for internal and external chimney systems.
Schiedel specialise in wood burning appliances and flues, which are a renewable way of avoiding constant gas or electricity usage when looking at a secondary heat source. Even heat pumps are problematic with severe temperature drops, so a secondary source is always needed.
Professional wireless fire alarm and fire linkage security system.
It is easy to install without wiring.
It is easy to program with free PC software.
It is professional security fire alarm and automatical fire fighting with loop linkage and direct linkage with smoke exhaust, electric fan, hydrant etc.
Complete wireless fire alarm system at vedardsecurity.com
Gas fire extinguishing device and foam fire extinguishing device usually adopt independent fire extinguishing controller. When the fire detector in its protected area is directly connected to the fire extinguishing controller, the alarm linkage control of each stage and the feedback signal of the system shall be immediately fed back to the fire extinguishing linkage controller, and the fire extinguishing linkage controller shall start the alarm linkage control process according to the specification requirements.
After the fire linkage controller receives the feedback signal, is it necessary to activate all the fire audible and visual alarms and fire broadcasting in the building? Is it necessary to turn on the smoke control and exhaust system and the emergency lighting evacuation indicator system?
Gas fire extinguishing control system is mainly composed of gas fire extinguishing controller, fire detectors, manual /automatic switch, emergency start/stop button, sound/light alarm, gas spraying indicator light, etc.
Among them, Generally, smoke detectors and heat detectors are used as fire detectors.
Manual alarm button or other types of fire detectors can also be used in special cases.
Gas extinguishing controller linkage control gas fire extinguishing equipment, linkage control fan, Air valve fire valve, Ventilation and air conditioning, Automatic doors and Windows and other equipment. And receive feedback signals.
The gas fire extinguishing system project requires the implementation of simulated start-up tests to verify the reliability of the gas fire extinguishing system. The simulated start test shall be carried out after the installation and debugging of gas equipment, alarm equipment and gas fire extinguishing equipment.
1. Manually start the experiment
2, automatic start test.
Temperature measuring electrical fire monitoring detector can detect the change of temperature parameters in the protected line, and can monitor the abnormal temperature of the line or connection point.
The detector shall be installed in the key heating parts of the cable connector terminal.
Temperature measuring electrical fire monitoring and detection includes signal processing unit and temperature measuring sensor.
The independent electric fire monitoring detector has the function of monitoring and alarm, the detector sends out sound and light alarm signal when alarm, and displays the alarm value, which can be used independently.
When there is no fire control room and the number of electrical fire monitoring detectors is not more than 8, independent electrical fire monitoring detectors can be used.
Each signal processing unit of the independent electrical fire monitoring detector can equip up to 4 sensors.
When the automatic fire alarm system is provided, the alarm information and fault information of the independent electrical fire monitoring detector shall be displayed on the graphic display device of the fire control room or the centralized fire alarm controller.
The alarm linkage control of smoke control system refers to the alarm linkage control of mechanical smoke control system.
According to the different parts of the setting, the mechanical pressurized air supply system can be divided into the mechanical pressurized air supply system in the stairwell and front room, the mechanical pressurized air supply system in the refuge layer and the mechanical pressurized air supply system in the refuge aisle.
Mechanical pressurized air supply system in the stairwell and front room:
Linkage control should be divided according to fire protection zones, including automatic, manual, chain start and other control methods.
Fire alarm controller and fire linkage controller are integrated products, called the linked fire alarm controller.
The main components of the linked fire alarm controller include motherboard, display board, bus linkage control panel, multi-line linkage control panel, network interface component, power supply, loop board and so on.
Most fire alarm systems adopt two bus system.
Two bus is a bus technology that combines power supply line and signal line. Two buses save construction and cable costs, greatly facilitating on-site construction and later maintenance.
There are two main types of bus systems - tree bus and ring bus. Tree bus has a unidirectional loop that means equipment behind a fault cannot operate, while ring bus forms a closed loop so a single fault does not affect the whole system. Both require bus isolators to isolate faults without disrupting other equipment. The total number of devices protected by each isolator should not exceed 32. Isolators automatically reintegrate isolated sections once faults are repaired.
The design of the regional fire alarm system shall comply with the following requirements:
1. The system shall consist of fire detector, manual fire alarm button, fire audible and visual alarm and fire alarm controller.
2. The system may include a graphic display device in the fire control room and an fire alarm displayer to indicate the fire floor.
3. The fire control room can not be set up for the regional fire alarm system, but the fire alarm controller should be set up in the place with people on duty.
4. When the system is equipped with the graphic display device in the fire control room, the graphic display device performs the functions of remote information transmission and remote query.
5. If no graphic display device is set in the system, fire alarm transmission device should be set. Similar functions are performed by fire alarm transmission equipment.
According to the specification requirements, the centralized alarm system and the control center alarm system need to be equipped with graphic display device (CRT system).
The graphic display device is installed in the fire control center, which is used to simulate the building plane layout of the fire trigger device and linkage device on site, and can truthfully reflect the fire, linkage condition and fault situation on site.
The graphic display device can display the general layout of the building, the building plan of each protected object, the system diagram, and the names and evacuation routes of each protected object and the main parts.
And can display automatic fire alarm and linkage control system and its control of all kinds of fire fighting equipment name, physical location and dynamic information of each fire fighting equipment.
Automatic fire alarm system is the main part of fire control system.
Automatic fire alarm system includes fire early warning system, fire detection alarm and linkage control system.
The linkage control system includes fire hydrant button, fire alarm, various input and output modules, fire appliance control device, fire broadcasting system, fire telephone system, graphic display device, emergency lighting, evacuation indicating system, etc.
Fire early warning system is an independent subsystem of automatic fire alarm system. It mainly includes combustible gas detection and alarm system and electrical fire monitoring system.
Combustible gas detection and alarm system is mainly used in the use, production of combustible gas or combustible steam places.
Alarm area is a unit that divides the warning range of automatic fire alarm system according to fire zone or floor. An alarm area includes a plurality of detection areas.
The purpose of dividing the alarm area is to determine the location of the alarm and fire. At the same time, it is convenient to solve the problem of fire control system linkage design.
The alarm area should be divided according to the fire zone or floor. You can also divide several adjacent fire zones or floors that need to be simultaneously linked with fire fighting equipment into an alarm area in case of fire.
Bus short circuit isolator is simply called bus isolator.
It is necessary to install bus short circuit isolator in bus automatic fire alarm system. When a bus fails, the bus isolator automatically separates the faulty bus part from the whole system to ensure the normal operation of the rest of the system.
At the same time, the fire alarm controller indicates the part number of the isolated parts, which is convenient for maintenance.
When the fault is rectified, the bus isolator automatically reintegrates the isolated part into the system.
Manual fire alarm button is a manual fire alarm device.
After the alarm button is pressed, the alarm signal is sent to the fire alarm controller through the bus loop.
The controller displays the position, code and annotation information of the alarm button, and sends out sound and light alarm signal.
The alarm button should be set with a red start confirmation light. After pressing the alarm button, the start confirmation light should be lit and kept until the alarm state is reset.
The input module, also known as the monitoring module, is used to receive the action signal of the monitored device and can be connected to the monitored device with normally open or normally closed signal output.
The input module adds an address code to the action signal of the monitored device, and transmits it to the fire alarm controller through the signal bus to issue an alarm signal or linkage trigger signal.
The input module can be equipped with all kinds of equipment that need feedback signals on the site, such as water flow indicator, pressure switch, signal valve control cabinet, and all kinds of external linkage equipment that can provide switch signals.
According to the code, carbon monoxide detectors should be installed in places where carbon monoxide leakage is possible.
For the choice of carbon monoxide detector, you may have the following questions:
Carbon monoxide is both a combustible gas and a toxic gas,should I choose a carbon monoxide detector or a combustible gas detector?
More details can be found at https://www.vedardsecurity.com
The gas fire extinguishing control system mainly consists of gas fire extinguishing controller, fire detector, manual automatic switch, emergency start and stop button, sound and light alarm, gas spraying indicator light and so on.
The fire detector generally adopts smoke fire detector and temperature fire detector. In special cases, manual alarm buttons or other types of fire detectors can also be used.
Gas fire extinguishing controller linkage control gas fire extinguishing equipment, linkage control fan, air valve, fire valve, ventilation and air conditioning, automatic doors and windows and other equipment, and receive feedback signals.
More professional fire alarm system instruction can be found at https://www.vedardsecurity.com
Residual current electrical fire detector is used to monitor the change of residual current value in the protected line.
When the residual current in the protected electrical line exceeds the alarm set value, it can send alarm and control signals.
It is generally composed of residual current sensor and signal processing unit.
Read more instruction of fire alarm systems from Vedard Security Alarm Technology at https://www.vedardsecurity.com
Use PyCharm for remote debugging of WSL on a Windo cf5c162d672e4e58b4dde5d797...shadow0702a
This document serves as a comprehensive step-by-step guide on how to effectively use PyCharm for remote debugging of the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) on a local Windows machine. It meticulously outlines several critical steps in the process, starting with the crucial task of enabling permissions, followed by the installation and configuration of WSL.
The guide then proceeds to explain how to set up the SSH service within the WSL environment, an integral part of the process. Alongside this, it also provides detailed instructions on how to modify the inbound rules of the Windows firewall to facilitate the process, ensuring that there are no connectivity issues that could potentially hinder the debugging process.
The document further emphasizes on the importance of checking the connection between the Windows and WSL environments, providing instructions on how to ensure that the connection is optimal and ready for remote debugging.
It also offers an in-depth guide on how to configure the WSL interpreter and files within the PyCharm environment. This is essential for ensuring that the debugging process is set up correctly and that the program can be run effectively within the WSL terminal.
Additionally, the document provides guidance on how to set up breakpoints for debugging, a fundamental aspect of the debugging process which allows the developer to stop the execution of their code at certain points and inspect their program at those stages.
Finally, the document concludes by providing a link to a reference blog. This blog offers additional information and guidance on configuring the remote Python interpreter in PyCharm, providing the reader with a well-rounded understanding of the process.
Batteries -Introduction – Types of Batteries – discharging and charging of battery - characteristics of battery –battery rating- various tests on battery- – Primary battery: silver button cell- Secondary battery :Ni-Cd battery-modern battery: lithium ion battery-maintenance of batteries-choices of batteries for electric vehicle applications.
Fuel Cells: Introduction- importance and classification of fuel cells - description, principle, components, applications of fuel cells: H2-O2 fuel cell, alkaline fuel cell, molten carbonate fuel cell and direct methanol fuel cells.
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...bijceesjournal
The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024Sinan KOZAK
Sinan from the Delivery Hero mobile infrastructure engineering team shares a deep dive into performance acceleration with Gradle build cache optimizations. Sinan shares their journey into solving complex build-cache problems that affect Gradle builds. By understanding the challenges and solutions found in our journey, we aim to demonstrate the possibilities for faster builds. The case study reveals how overlapping outputs and cache misconfigurations led to significant increases in build times, especially as the project scaled up with numerous modules using Paparazzi tests. The journey from diagnosing to defeating cache issues offers invaluable lessons on maintaining cache integrity without sacrificing functionality.
Discover the latest insights on Data Driven Maintenance with our comprehensive webinar presentation. Learn about traditional maintenance challenges, the right approach to utilizing data, and the benefits of adopting a Data Driven Maintenance strategy. Explore real-world examples, industry best practices, and innovative solutions like FMECA and the D3M model. This presentation, led by expert Jules Oudmans, is essential for asset owners looking to optimize their maintenance processes and leverage digital technologies for improved efficiency and performance. Download now to stay ahead in the evolving maintenance landscape.
1. Installation method of fire alarm detectors in fire security system
The installation of fire detectors and manual call points is one of the main part of the installation of fire alarm and
linkage system.
With the development of intelligent fire-fighting technology, there are more types of fire detectors and manual
push buttons, and the installation and wiring method may be different.
1. Method for determining the installation position of fire detectors
Although the fire detector type, quantity and general distribution are determined in the design drawing, the
location of the fire detector should be determined according to the specific situation of the site in the construction
process.
When determining the installation position and direction of the fire detector, the need of the function should be
first considered. In addition, aesthetics, the arrangement of surrounding lamps, air outlet and beam should also be
considered.
(1) The horizontal distance between the detector and the wall and beam should not be less than 0.5m, as shown
in the figure below
(2) There should be no shielding within 0.5m around the detector.
(3) The detector should be installed near the air inlet. The horizontal distance between the detector and the air
outlet of the air conditioner should not be less than 1.5m, as shown in the following figure
(4) When a detector is installed on the ceiling of an inner walkway less than 3m in width, it should be installed in
the center. The installation spacing of the heat detector shall not exceed 10m. The installation spacing of the
smoke detector shall not exceed 15m. The distance between the detector and the wall end shall not be greater
than half of the installation spacing of the detector. As shown in the following figure.
2. (5) When the roof slope θ>15°, the detector shall be installed at the highest point under the gabled roof, as shown
in the figure below
(6) When the roof slope θ<=45°, the detector can be directly installed on the roof panel, as shown in the figure
below
3. (7) For serrated roof, when the roof slope θ>15°, the detectors should be installed under each sawtooth ridge, as
shown in the figure below
(8) When the roof slope θ>45°, the detector shall be mounted with bracket and installed horizontally, as shown in
the figure below
(9) The detector confirmation LED indication should face to the main entrance direction for easy observation. This
is shown below
4. (10) For the elevator well, pipe well, lift well, you can only install a smoke detector on the roof of the machine
room above the well. For the stairwell, ramp walkway, you can install a smoke detector every 15m of the vertical
distance. As shown in the following figure
(11) In the large truss structure warehouse with no ceiling, the detector should be suspended and installed by
pipe rack, and the droop height should be determined according to the actual needs. When using a smoke
detector, a smoke hood should be added. As shown in the following figure
5. (12) When the room is divided by bookshelves, equipment, etc., if the distance from the top of the divider to the
ceiling or beam is less than 5% of the room's clear height, each divided part shall have at least one detector
installed.
2. Method for determining the installation position of fire manual call points
There shall be at least one manual alarm button for each fire partition in the alarm area.
The walking distance from any location within a fire partition to an adjacent manual alarm button should not be
greater than 30m.
Manual fire alarm button should be set in the obvious and easy to operate position, that is, the building's safety
exit, safety stairs entrance.
Usually the manual alarm button and the fire alarm bell are installed next to the fire hydrant. They are installed on
the wall at a height of 1.5m above the ground or floor and should be clearly marked.
When installing manual alarm button, embedded junction box may needed at some situation. The manual alarm
button shall be firmly installed and shall not be tilted.In order to facilitate debugging and maintenance, the
external lead of manual alarm button should be left with a margin of more than 10cm, and its end should be
clearly marked.
3. Installation method of fire detector
The installation method of the fire detector base varies according to the installation location of the building
structure. There are junction box embedded installation, installation under the ceiling and under the raised floor,
etc.
(1) Junction box embedded installation
The installation method of the embedded box is to preset the embedded hole seat in the civil engineering process
in advance, and when placing it, the wires are inserted into the junction box from the embedded wire pipe, as
shown in the figure below
6. Fix the detector base or detector wiring block on the junction box, and connect the power line or signal line from
the box to the corresponding junction post on the detector base (or weld to the corresponding patch on the base).
Connection points should be firm and reliable. The junction box shall be insulated between the base to ensure
good insulation between the two. After the installation and wiring of the base is finished, it should be checked
carefully. No wrong connection, short circuit or virtual welding are allowed. As shown in the following figure
After the installation of detector base is completed, do not remove the detector protection cover. Until the system
debugging stage, the protection cover is removed. The installation and assembly of the detector is shown in the
figure below. When the detector is installed, the confirmation indicator on the outer cover should be pointed in
the direction of the main entrance and exit for personnel to observe.
7. (2) Installation under the ceiling
In many cases, the detector is installed under the ceiling. There are two main cases according to the structure of
the building. One is to install the detector directly on the junction box inside the ceiling, as shown in FIG. 6-15.The
other is to install the detector on the keel and connect it to the junction box in the ceiling through the metal hose,
as shown in figure 6-16.
When the detector is installed under the roof, there are two ways to thread the pipeline, one is the dark piping, as
shown in FIG. 6-17. Another way is open piping method, as shown in FIG. 6-18.
8. (3) Installation under raised floor
Some fire alarm detectors need to be installed under a raised floor.The detector can be installed by special junction
box or standard junction box. If necessary, the installation hole spacing can be adjusted by adding adjustment
board.As shown in the following figure
Wiring and Layout
1. Method of terminal connection
The fire alarm system generally adopts copper core cable or wire. The single-core copper wire after
stripping off the insulation layer can be directly connected to the terminal block. The length of the
insulation layer stripped off is generally 1mm longer than the length inserted into the terminal block.
For multi-core copper wire, the insulation layer should be stripped off first, lined with tin and then
connected to the terminal block.
If the wire and cable are to be connected under the screw head, the single copper wire should be
bent in the shape shown in FIG. 6-20. The direction should be same as the screw is screwed in. For
multi-core copper wires, the terminals shall be pressed and the pressed joint shall be welded with
solder. The terminal should be in line with the wire diameter.
The cables or wires connected to the alarm controller shall meet the following requirements:
9. (1) The wiring should be neat, clear, beautiful, avoid crossing, and should be fixed firmly, terminal
plate should not bear external mechanical stress.
(2) The cable core and the end of the cable shall be numbered.
(3) No more than two wires shall be connected to each terminal of the terminal board.
(4) The cable core and conductor shall have a buffer of not less than 200mm.
(5) The wires should be put into plastic grooves or tied into bundles.
(6) After the wire is threaded, the inlet pipe should be blocked.
(7) The power supply wire of the alarm controller shall be directly connected to the fire protection
power supply. Do not use the power plug.The power supply shall be clearly marked.
(8) The controller shall be firmly grounded and clearly marked.
The wiring terminal is equipped with a label plate, which is used to distinguish various wiring and
terminal labels, so as to facilitate maintenance and inspection. Figure 6-21 is the package label. The
label must be printed and fitted on the wire before the wire is connected to the terminal. If there is
no plastic casing marking machine, you can also use carbon ink with an appropriate amount of
dichloroethane and gentian violet to write to prevent fading.
2. Method of wiring in the box
The detector, manual alarm button, sound device, door light and alarm bell have been wired up
while being installed. And a large number of cables and wires are summarized in the box (cabinet) of
the regional alarm controller and central alarm. According to the position of the wiring terminals
and the distribution of components in the box (cabinet), the reasonable wiring line in the box
(cabinet) shall be determined, and the line shall be drawn with a ruler.
Cables and wires are laid in the alarm control box, including plastic wire groove fixing method,
plastic spiral tube fixing method and binding method.
The toothed plastic line groove (line groove) is shown in FIG. 6-22. The line groove should be fixed
along the bottom plate or side of the box.The wire can be laid in the line groove, and the wire can be
drawn out from the perforation and connected to the terminal. If there are too many lead wires and
not available to layout, you can remove one or two teeth. After laying, the groove cover shall be well
covered.
10. The fixation method of plastic spiral tube is shown in FIG. 6-23. Arrange the wires neatly in the box
and lay the wires horizontally or vertically. After the wires are laid, open the plastic spiral tube and
wrap it around the wires. Tie the wires into a bundle by virtue of the elasticity of the plastic spiral
tube.
The cable wiring harness laid in the box can also be fastened with the binding belt made of
insulating material, and the spacing of the binding belt should be 100mm.The bending radius of the
wire should not be less than 3 times of its outer diameter, there should be no middle head in the
alarm control box, and the insulation sheath should not be damaged.The tying method of cables and
wires laid in the box is shown in FIG. 6-24.
11. 3. Wiring method of shielding layer
Shielded cables are used as transmission lines in some fire alarm and linkage systems to improve the
anti-interference ability of the system. The wiring of the shielding layer shall follow the schematic
diagram of the fire alarm system. Most use the shield layer as the ground line. In the alarm control
box, all the shielded wires are welded with terminal and connected to the wiring terminal row.
However, in some systems, the shield layer plays a certain role in signal transmission, it can not be
grounded. Such a system, the plastic hose should be added to the shield layer after stripping before
connection and the shield layer is forbidden to be grounded. The wiring of shielding layer must be
firm and reliable. When stripping the insulation layer, the shielding layer should not be damaged.
The quality of shielding treatment will directly affect the transmission quality.
4. The function and working mode of manual alarm button.
Manual alarm button is one of the necessary equipment in fire alarm and linkage system. It has the
function of confirming the fire or sending out the fire signal manually.When people find the fire,
they can make manual alarm through the manual alarm button installed in the corridor, stairs, etc.
Manual alarm button is the key installed in the metal box, the metal box is generally embedded in
the wall, exposed red border of the protective cover. After manually confirming the fire, knock out
the protective cover and press the button. At this time, on the one hand, the alarm equipment on
the scene (such as fire alarm siren strobe, fire alarm bell) alarms. On the other hand, the manual
signal is sent to the area alarm to send out the fire alarm. Like the detector, the manual alarm
button also has a point in the system. Some alarm buttons also have the function of action
indication, receiving feedback signal and so on.
Alarm emergency degree triggered by manual alarm button is higher than that triggered by a
detector and alarm triggered by manual alarm button does not need confirmation. So manual
buttons require more reliability, more certainty, and the alarm triggered needs faster dealing. The
manual alarm button should be connected with the central alarm and occupy a point number
separately. Because the centralized alarm controller is placed in the fire security guard room, it can
take measures more quickly. So if there is no centralized alarm, and the manual alarm button is
12. connected to the area alarm panel, it should occupy a point number.
The installation of combustible gas sensor
The installation height of combustible gas detector shall be determined according to the type and
density of the detected gas. For gases’ density heavier than air, such as liquefied petroleum gas, the
detector shall be installed 10cm above the ground, and for gases' density lighter than air, such as
urban artificial gas and natural gas, the detector shall be installed within 30cm from the ceiling.As
shown in the following figure.
When the beam height is greater than 0.6m, the combustible gas detector should be installed on
the side with the gas cooker, as shown in the figure below
13. The combustible gas detector shall be installed under the roof within 8m from the gas stove as
shown in the figure below
Installation of infrared beam smoke detector
The transmitter and receiver of the infrared beam smoke detector should be installed opposite to
each other at both ends of the protection space and on the same horizontal line. The vertical
distance between the beam axis of the infrared beam smoke detector and the ceiling should be
0.3~1.0m, and the distance from the ground should not exceed 20m. The horizontal distance
between two adjacent infrared beam smoke detectors should not be greater than 14m.The
horizontal distance between the detector and the side wall shall not be greater than 7m and shall
not be less than 0.5m. The distance between the transmitter and receiver of the detector should not
exceed 100m. When the height of the room is 8-14m, besides the beam smoke detector installed
under the ceiling, the beam smoke detector should also be installed at 1/2 of the height of the room.
When the room height is 14-20m, the detector should be set in three layers. (under the ceiling, at
1/3 of the room height, at 2/3 of the room height) The working principle of infrared beam smoke
detector is shown in the following figure.
The installation position of infrared beam smoke detector should be far away from the strong
14. magnetic field, without direct sunlight, and no dust retention in the detector using environment.
There should not have fixed and flowing obstacle between the transmitter and receiver of the
detector. The base of the detector must be firmly installed and will not come loose. The installation
method of the detector in the ceiling is shown in FIG. 6-30, and the installation method in the wall is
shown in FIG. 6-31.
Installation of cable sensor
When the cable type linear constant heat detector is installed on the cable bridge or bracket,
contact arrangement should be adopted. When setting up on various belt conveying devices, it is
advised to set up near the hot spot of the device. When the air tube type linear rate-of-rise
temperature detector is installed under the ceiling, it should be installed 0.1m from the ceiling. The
horizontal distance between adjacent pipelines should not be greater than 5m. The distance
between the pipeline and the wall should be 1-1.5m. The installation of cable fixed temperature
detector in cable tunnel and cable trench with single side support is shown in FIG. 6-32