Presentació realitzada per Remedios Melero en el marc del Seminari sobre la revisió per experts (peer review) que va tenir lloc a la Facultat de Biblioteconomia i Documentació de la UB el 20 de juny de 2011, dins el marc del programa de doctorat “Informació i Documentació en la Societat del Coneixement”. Aquest seminari va ser organitzat conjuntament amb l'EASE (European Association of Science Editors).

1. Workshop How to get peer reviewed Facultat de Biblioteconomia i Documentació, Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona, 20 June 2011 Remedios Melero

2. Peer review is both a set of mechanisms for evaluating and assuring the quality of research before and after it is funded or published. It involves subjecting research proposals and draft presentations, papers and other publications to critical evaluation by independent experts (peers). The reviewers are usually appointed by the funding body or the editors of a journal or other formal channel for communication to which the work has been submitted.

3. A peer review guide for researchers. www.rin.ac.uk/peer-review-guide

4. Scheme from NECOBELAC PORTAL It is up to the journal editor to decide which system would best ensure scientific integrity (editorial policy) and cooperation. Once a policy is chosen, it should be made clear in the instructions to authors and reviewers.

5. Comments and data about the effects of open peer review

6. http://www.bmj.com/content/341/bmj.c5729.full Conclusion Telling peer reviewers that their signed reviews might be available in the public domain on the BMJ ’s website had no important effect on review quality . Although the possibility of posting reviews online was associated with a high refusal rate among potential peer reviewers and an increase in the amount of time taken to write a review , we believe that the ethical arguments in favour of open peer review more than outweigh these disadvantages.

7. Scheme from NECOBELAC PORTAL

8. Peer review does not mean I like it Or I do not like it Peer review does not mean I accept it Or I do not accept it

14. Training of reviewers (if possible) may help to increase the quality of the reviewing The journal should have a review form (guidelines for reviewers) to be sent to the reviewer. Support to reviewers

15. The role of editors…briefly

17. What happens when the reviewer has looked at it? What do you do then? I have to consider the reviewers’ comments and make a recommendation about whether the papers should be published in our journal. Often reviewers don’t agree about a paper , so I need to check that they are being fair and are not too harsh or too kind. If a paper covers more than one area of science, reviewers with different expertise will look at different sections of it. A paper might have both ecology and immunology aspects, for example. Sometimes these reviewers don’t agree. The person reviewing the ecology part of the paper might think it’s excellent but the person reviewing the immunology part might think it’s weak. My job is to check that the reviewers have provided the information to back up their judgements and that they have explained their views . … .. Before I make my final decisions I tell several colleagues about what I plan to do. So now I’m asking another colleague for their point of view on two papers I’d like to accept. ….

18. Peer review innovation…. ( see more cases at http://www.alpsp.org/ngen_public/default.asp?id=370 )…………….

19. http:// www.atmospheric - chemistry - and - physics.net / review / index.html Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP)

21. http:// jime.open.ac.uk / jime / index

22. http://www.nature.com/emboj/index.html

23. Other ways to evaluate scientific papers………….

24. http://f1000.com

25. http://www.peerevaluation.org/ Share and get feedback…..

26. Does peer review detect missconduct?

28. http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/story.asp?sectioncode=26&storycode=407838 James Parry, acting head of the UK Research Integrity Office (UKRIO), said it was impossible to know for certain the reasons for the increase. "It might reflect a real increase in misconduct or, more likely, an increase in detection compared with 20 years ago," he said. It shows that over nearly 20 years the number of articles produced has doubled, but the number of retractions - still a small fraction of the literature - has increased 20 times. This is equal to a tenfold increase, factoring in the growth of articles. Times Higher Education, 2009

29. Ethics and editors/reviewers/journal staff Competing interests (also called conflict of interest) Confidentiality Manuscripts, or parts thereof, or comments of reviewers, must be protected from any personal use by editors, reviewers or journal staff.

30. As with authors, it is important for the journal to have clear guidelines to avoid conflicts when articles are reviewed • Ask reviewers to disclose to the editor any potential competing interests with the paper under review • Ask reviewers to respect and maintain the confidentiality of the contents of the manuscript, and not to disclose it to anyone without the consent of the editor • Ask reviewers not to make use of, or quote from, the manuscripts they are reviewing before they are published • Ask reviewers to obtain written consent of the editor if, for any reason, they want to refer the manuscript to another colleague • Ask reviewers not to contact the author regarding the manuscript without consulting the editor • Send manuscripts to at least one foreign or external reviewer when working for a journal that serves a small scientific community, in order to avoid competing interests Key points to avoid conflict of interests

31. An alternative to answer some questions about publications ethics…

32. http:// www.publicationethics.org /

33. The flowcharts are designed to help editors follow COPE’s Code of Conduct and implement its advice when faced with cases of suspected misconduct.

34. Thanks! [email_address] Http:www.ease.org.uk