Ethical hacking and ethical hacker are terms used to describe hacking performed by a company or individual to help identify potential threats on a computer or network.
Ethical hacking and ethical hacker are terms used to describe hacking performed by a company or individual to help identify potential threats on a computer or network.
From corporate crimes to murder, computer place a role in nefarious activities either as a target, medium or containing evidence and thus, requiring specialist with a skill in the various technologies and legal knowledge to gather evidence stored digitally.
The new challenges to be faced by Registries and Registrars. How to profit from cyber security, business opportunities for domain Registrars?
Presentation from Novi Sad, Serbia, September 14, 2011
Security, Privacy Data Protection and Perspectives to Counter Cybercrime 0409...Gohsuke Takama
"Security, Privacy Data Protection and Perspectives to Counter Cybercrime" was presented at the CodeGate 2008 security conference in Seoul, Korea, April 2008.
http://www.codegate.org/
Cyber crime is an activity done using computers and internet.
Cyber forensics is the science of collecting, examining, analyzing and reporting electronic evidence.
Introduction to information security and best practices. This presentation discuss about common treats in information security, Cyber security and suggestions for prevention.
From corporate crimes to murder, computer place a role in nefarious activities either as a target, medium or containing evidence and thus, requiring specialist with a skill in the various technologies and legal knowledge to gather evidence stored digitally.
The new challenges to be faced by Registries and Registrars. How to profit from cyber security, business opportunities for domain Registrars?
Presentation from Novi Sad, Serbia, September 14, 2011
Security, Privacy Data Protection and Perspectives to Counter Cybercrime 0409...Gohsuke Takama
"Security, Privacy Data Protection and Perspectives to Counter Cybercrime" was presented at the CodeGate 2008 security conference in Seoul, Korea, April 2008.
http://www.codegate.org/
Cyber crime is an activity done using computers and internet.
Cyber forensics is the science of collecting, examining, analyzing and reporting electronic evidence.
Introduction to information security and best practices. This presentation discuss about common treats in information security, Cyber security and suggestions for prevention.
Airline Analysis of Data Using Hadoop. In this project we used"Subsystem of linux" in our windows 10, after Enable developer mode we install Ubuntu via Store and in ubuntu I had instal Hadoop, java and used the tool python, excel, notepad++, hdfs, mapreduce ..etc.
NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN CONDENSING HEAT EXCHANGERS...ssuser7dcef0
Power plants release a large amount of water vapor into the
atmosphere through the stack. The flue gas can be a potential
source for obtaining much needed cooling water for a power
plant. If a power plant could recover and reuse a portion of this
moisture, it could reduce its total cooling water intake
requirement. One of the most practical way to recover water
from flue gas is to use a condensing heat exchanger. The power
plant could also recover latent heat due to condensation as well
as sensible heat due to lowering the flue gas exit temperature.
Additionally, harmful acids released from the stack can be
reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation. reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation.
Condensation of vapors in flue gas is a complicated
phenomenon since heat and mass transfer of water vapor and
various acids simultaneously occur in the presence of noncondensable
gases such as nitrogen and oxygen. Design of a
condenser depends on the knowledge and understanding of the
heat and mass transfer processes. A computer program for
numerical simulations of water (H2O) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
condensation in a flue gas condensing heat exchanger was
developed using MATLAB. Governing equations based on
mass and energy balances for the system were derived to
predict variables such as flue gas exit temperature, cooling
water outlet temperature, mole fraction and condensation rates
of water and sulfuric acid vapors. The equations were solved
using an iterative solution technique with calculations of heat
and mass transfer coefficients and physical properties.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Water billing management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project entitled “Water Billing Management System” aims is to generate Water bill with all the charges and penalty. Manual system that is employed is extremely laborious and quite inadequate. It only makes the process more difficult and hard.
The aim of our project is to develop a system that is meant to partially computerize the work performed in the Water Board like generating monthly Water bill, record of consuming unit of water, store record of the customer and previous unpaid record.
We used HTML/PHP as front end and MYSQL as back end for developing our project. HTML is primarily a visual design environment. We can create a android application by designing the form and that make up the user interface. Adding android application code to the form and the objects such as buttons and text boxes on them and adding any required support code in additional modular.
MySQL is free open source database that facilitates the effective management of the databases by connecting them to the software. It is a stable ,reliable and the powerful solution with the advanced features and advantages which are as follows: Data Security.MySQL is free open source database that facilitates the effective management of the databases by connecting them to the software.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
CW RADAR, FMCW RADAR, FMCW ALTIMETER, AND THEIR PARAMETERSveerababupersonal22
It consists of cw radar and fmcw radar ,range measurement,if amplifier and fmcw altimeterThe CW radar operates using continuous wave transmission, while the FMCW radar employs frequency-modulated continuous wave technology. Range measurement is a crucial aspect of radar systems, providing information about the distance to a target. The IF amplifier plays a key role in signal processing, amplifying intermediate frequency signals for further analysis. The FMCW altimeter utilizes frequency-modulated continuous wave technology to accurately measure altitude above a reference point.
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HEAP SORT ILLUSTRATED WITH HEAPIFY, BUILD HEAP FOR DYNAMIC ARRAYS.
Heap sort is a comparison-based sorting technique based on Binary Heap data structure. It is similar to the selection sort where we first find the minimum element and place the minimum element at the beginning. Repeat the same process for the remaining elements.
2. Agenda
• Hackers and their vocabulary
• Threats and risks
• Types of hackers
• Gaining access
• Intrusion detection and prevention
• Legal and ethical issues
3. Hacker Terms
• Hacking - showing computer expertise
• Cracking - breaching security on software or systems
• Phreaking - cracking telecom networks
• Spoofing - faking the originating IP address in a datagram
• Denial of Service (DoS) - flooding a host with sufficient
network traffic so that it can’t respond anymore
• Port Scanning - searching for vulnerabilities
4. Hacking through the ages
• 1969 - Unix ‘hacked’ together
• 1971 - Cap ‘n Crunch phone exploit discovered
• 1988 - Morris Internet worm crashes 6,000 servers
• 1994 - $10 million transferred from CitiBank accounts
• 1995 - Kevin Mitnick sentenced to 5 years in jail
• 2000 - Major websites succumb to DDoS
• 2000 - 15,700 credit and debit card numbers stolen from Western Union (hacked
while web database was undergoing maintenance)
• 2001 Code Red
– exploited bug in MS IIS to penetrate & spread
– probes random IPs for systems running IIS
– had trigger time for denial-of-service attack
– 2nd
wave infected 360000 servers in 14 hours
• Code Red 2 - had backdoor installed to allow remote control
• Nimda -used multiple infection mechanisms email, shares, web client, IIS
• 2002 – Slammer Worm brings web to its knees by attacking MS SQL Server
5. The threats
• Denial of Service (Yahoo, eBay, CNN, MS)
• Defacing, Graffiti, Slander, Reputation
• Loss of data (destruction, theft)
• Divulging private information (AirMiles,
corporate espionage, personal financial)
• Loss of financial assets (CitiBank)
8. Types of hackers
• Professional hackers
– Black Hats – the Bad Guys
– White Hats – Professional Security Experts
• Script kiddies
– Mostly kids/students
• User tools created by black hats,
– To get free stuff
– Impress their peers
– Not get caught
• Underemployed Adult Hackers
– Former Script Kiddies
• Can’t get employment in the field
• Want recognition in hacker community
• Big in eastern european countries
• Ideological Hackers
– hack as a mechanism to promote some political or ideological purpose
– Usually coincide with political events
9. Types of Hackers
• Criminal Hackers
– Real criminals, are in it for whatever they can get no matter who it
hurts
• Corporate Spies
– Are relatively rare
• Disgruntled Employees
– Most dangerous to an enterprise as they are “insiders”
– Since many companies subcontract their network services a
disgruntled vendor could be very dangerous to the host enterprise
10. Top intrusion justifications
• I’m doing you a favor pointing out your vulnerabilities
• I’m making a political statement
• Because I can
• Because I’m paid to do it
11. Gaining access
• Front door
– Password guessing
– Password/key stealing
• Back doors
– Often left by original developers as debug and/or diagnostic tools
– Forgot to remove before release
• Trojan Horses
– Usually hidden inside of software that we download and install
from the net (remember nothing is free)
– Many install backdoors
• Software vulnerability exploitation
– Often advertised on the OEMs web site along with security
patches
– Fertile ground for script kiddies looking for something to do
12. Back doors & Trojans
• e.g. Whack-a-mole / NetBus
• Cable modems / DSL very vulnerable
• Protect with Virus Scanners, Port Scanners,
Personal Firewalls
13. Software vulnerability exploitation
• Buffer overruns
• HTML / CGI scripts
• Poor design of web applications
– Javascript hacks
– PHP/ASP/ColdFusion URL hacks
• Other holes / bugs in software and services
• Tools and scripts used to scan ports for vulnerabilities
14. Password guessing
• Default or null passwords
• Password same as user name (use finger)
• Password files, trusted servers
• Brute force
– make sure login attempts audited!
15. Password/key theft
• Dumpster diving
– Its amazing what people throw in the trash
• Personal information
• Passwords
• Good doughnuts
– Many enterprises now shred all white paper trash
• Inside jobs
– Disgruntled employees
– Terminated employees (about 50% of intrusions
resulting in significant loss)
16. Once inside, the hacker can...
• Modify logs
– To cover their tracks
– To mess with you
• Steal files
– Sometimes destroy after stealing
– A pro would steal and cover their tracks so to be undetected
• Modify files
– To let you know they were there
– To cause mischief
• Install back doors
– So they can get in again
• Attack other systems
17. Intrusion detection systems (IDS)
• A lot of research going on at universities
– Doug Somerville- EE Dept, Viktor Skorman – EE Dept
• Big money available due to 9/11 and Dept of Homeland
Security
• Vulnerability scanners
– pro-actively identifies risks
– User use pattern matching
• When pattern deviates from norm should be investigated
• Network-based IDS
– examine packets for suspicious activity
– can integrate with firewall
– require one dedicated IDS server per segment
18. Intrusion detection systems (IDS)
• Host-based IDS
– monitors logs, events, files, and packets sent to
the host
– installed on each host on network
• Honeypot
– decoy server
– collects evidence and alerts admin
19. Intrusion prevention
• Patches and upgrades (hardening)
• Disabling unnecessary software
• Firewalls and Intrusion Detection Systems
• ‘Honeypots’
• Recognizing and reacting to port scanning
21. Legal and ethical questions
• ‘Ethical’ hacking?
• How to react to mischief or nuisances?
• Is scanning for vulnerabilities legal?
– Some hackers are trying to use this as a business model
• Here are your vulnerabilities, let us help you
• Can private property laws be applied on the Internet?
23. Computer Crimes
• Financial Fraud
• Credit Card Theft
• Identity Theft
• Computer specific crimes
– Denial-of-service
– Denial of access to information
– Viruses Melissa virus cost New Jersey man 20 months in jail
• Melissa caused in excess of $80 Million
• Intellectual Property Offenses
– Information theft
– Trafficking in pirated information
– Storing pirated information
– Compromising information
– Destroying information
• Content related Offenses
– Hate crimes
– Harrassment
– Cyber-stalking
• Child privacy
24. Federal Statutes
• Computer Fraud and Abuse Act of 1984
– Makes it a crime to knowingly access a federal computer
• Electronic Communications Privacy Act of 1986
– Updated the Federal Wiretap Act act to include electronically stored data
• U.S. Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act of 1996
– Ammended the Electronic Communications Act to require all
communications carriers to make wiretaps possible
• Economic and Protection of Proprietary Information Act of 1996
– Extends definition of privacy to include proprietary economic information
, theft would constitute corporate or industrial espionage
• Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996
– Standards for the electronic transmission of healthcare information
• National Information Infrastructure Protection Act of 1996
– Amends Computer Fraud and Abuse Act to provide more protection to
computerized information and systems used in foreign and interstate
commerce or communications
• The Graham-Lynch-Bliley Act of 1999
– Limits instances of when financial institution can disclose nonpublic
information of a customer to a third party
25. Legal Recourse
• Average armed robber will get $2500-$7500 and risk
being shot or killed; 50-60% will get caught , convicted
and spent an average of 5 years of hard time
• Average computer criminal will net $50K-$500K with a
risk of being fired or going to jail; only 10% are caught, of
those only 15% will be turned in to authorities; less than
50% of them will do jail time
• Prosecution
– Many institutions fail to prosecute for fear of advertising
• Many banks absorb the losses fearing that they would lose more if
their customers found out and took their business elsewhere
– Fix the vulnerability and continue on with business as usual