Micro-elements in filmmaking like shots, camera movements, editing techniques, sound, and mise-en-scene are used to convey meaning and elicit emotional responses from audiences. Extreme close-ups can create terror by foreshadowing events. Close-ups focus on facial expressions to show emotion. Medium shots provide context before important events. Long shots reveal new information. Tracking and pans introduce tension. Cuts create cliffhangers. Faster pacing keeps audiences alert while slower scenes induce fear. Performance and sound design build suspense. Mise-en-scene enhances realism. These techniques engage audiences and further the narrative.

1. How are micro-elements used?
Sam Howe

2. Extreme Close Up
Extreme close up’s can be used to
show terror, anger or realisation. This
specific one is used to create a feeling
of terror as it foreshadows a horrible
event.
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3. Close Up
Close up’s are usually used to show the
emotion of a certain character, focusing
on their face in the shot and usually
emphasising their facial features. This
makes the audience understand the
character and be empathetic for them.
This example shows the character is
confused.

4. Medium Shot
A medium shot is used to give an idea of
the characters current state, or just before
a big event to show body language. This
one shows an important development in
the story.

5. Long Shot
Long shots give the audience an idea on
the general state of the situation and
when combined with a pan movement are
quite regularly used to reveal something
new and important.

6. Extreme Long Shot
Extreme long shots are generally either
combined with long shots in a zoom to
give the audience an idea of what is
going on on a larger scale, usually after
an important event or revelation.

7. Track
A tracking shot is used to indicate to the
audience that the thing being tracked is
important, it also creates an air of tension
and action as it is most commonly used in
chase scenes

8. Pan
A pan shot is generally used to show a
new scene for the first time and give the
audience an idea of the setting. It makes
the audience curious as they generally
don't know why they have changed
setting.

9. Tilt
A tilt shot can be used in many ways but
the two most common are to pan
up/down a character after an important
event or for showing the scale and
importance of an item/building. It makes
the audience want to know more about
the situation or feel a sense of
accomplishment for the character.

10. Zoom
Zooms can be used to show the
importance of a shot or to give the
audience a sense of scale in relation to the
narrative and are usually used with
extreme long shots and long shots. They
make the audience more alert as it shows
something important is happening.

11. Cut
A cut can be used to quickly switch from
one storyline/location to the next as well
as creating cliffhangers. They make the
audience more interested in the media as
they want to know what's so important
they switched.

12. Pace
Pace refers to the pace of the story or
action as well as the editing. A fast scene
in which the character is running or in a
car chase with fast cuts makes the
audience more alert and aware, whereas a
slow scene with fades and very little
happening on scene can make them
scared/anxious if used in a horror movie
setting.

13. Performance
This can change depending on the type of
film, in a comedy film the actors will be
more flamboyant in general whereas in an
action film they’ll be very serious
changing the audience's opinion and view
of the narrative.

14. Diegetic
This is used to provide more depth into
the storyline, for example important lines
being increased in volume and sounds
such as a gun loading before a firefight
being slowed down and emphasised. This
makes the audience more engrossed in the
media as it builds up tension and creates
suspense.

15. Non Diegetic
These are sounds that are not directly
involved in the storyline of the media, for
example background music and narration.
These make the audience
interested/worried cause they’re usually
and indication of something big
happening in the storyline.

16. Mise-en-Scene
Mise-en-Scene is used to create a more
realistic representation, using props and
costumes can make the audience more
interested in the film as they fell as if they
are watching a real event.