How does electricity works
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Matter is anything that occupies space and has weight. It may consist of elements or a single element. An element cannot be split into simpler substances, such as copper, oxygen, carbon, and gold. Atoms are the smallest particles of an element and are made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons are positively charged, electrons are negatively charged, and neutrons have no charge. Electricity is a branch of science concerned with charges. It can be drawn from devices like dry cells, solar cells, acid batteries, and dynamos. Conductors allow electricity to pass through easily, while insulators do not. Common terms in electricity include static electricity, current electricity, electric current, electric circuit, amp
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6th Grade Chapter 13
This document provides an overview of electricity and magnetism. It discusses how electricity is the flow of electrons from areas of high potential to low potential. Circuits allow electricity to flow in an organized way from the positive end of a battery to the negative end. While direct current (DC) flows in one direction, alternating current (AC) switches direction periodically and is used to power appliances plugged into wall outlets. Magnets work due to their magnetic fields produced by protons and electrons aligned within the material. Electromagnets can be turned on and off using a battery to control the magnetic field. The document concludes with noting various sources of electricity like hydroelectric dams and wind turbines.
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Electrons moving between atoms causes electricity. Electricity is the flow of electrons through a conductor in a closed circuit. There are two types of circuits: series circuits which have one path for current and parallel circuits which have more than one path. Common household items like lights use parallel circuits powered by batteries which supply energy to move charges through the circuit.
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This document discusses electrical conductivity and the different types of materials - conductors, insulators, and semiconductors. It explains that conductors allow electric current to flow easily due to their high conductivity. Insulators have a very wide energy gap making electricity unable to conduct. Semiconductors lie between conductors and insulators with a small energy gap. Semiconductors can be intrinsic, consisting of pure semiconductor material, or extrinsic, consisting of intentionally doped semiconductor material that results in either n-type or p-type materials depending on the dopant used.
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Electricity is produced by the flow of electrons through conductors like wires. Atoms contain protons, neutrons and electrons, and electrons can move between atoms. When a wire is connected to a battery, electrons flow through the wire creating an electrical current that powers devices. Current flows from the positive pole to the negative pole of the battery. Generators, alternators and batteries can all produce electrical currents. Materials are classified as conductors, which allow current to flow through them, or insulators which do not. Electric circuits transport current and power appliances. Circuits can be in series or parallel. Magnets contain north and south poles and can attract metals like iron.
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Electricity occurs naturally but people invented ways to measure and control it. Early pioneers like Gilbert, Stoney, and Thomson discovered properties of electricity and atoms. Franklin proved lightning is electricity. Volta invented the battery, and Faraday discovered electromagnetic induction. Edison developed the incandescent light bulb for DC power, while Tesla invented the AC induction motor developed by Westinghouse, establishing AC as the dominant power system.
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Static electricity builds up charge on objects but does not flow, storing potential energy. Current is the flow of electrons through a conductor, measured in amperes. There are two types of current: direct current flows one way while alternating current reverses direction. Circuits can be series, where all components are on one path, or parallel with multiple branching paths. Conductors easily transmit current while insulators do not. Resistance opposes current flow and is influenced by various material properties. Voltage measures the energy pushing current through a circuit. Ohm's Law defines the relationship between resistance, voltage and current. Electromagnets use current-carrying coils to generate magnetic fields, generators convert mechanical to electrical energy, and motors do the opposite
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This document provides an overview of basic electricity concepts. It explains that electric charge allows objects to exert force without touching via an electric field. Atoms have protons with positive charge and electrons with negative charge, and opposite charges attract while like charges repel. Charge can be transferred by contact or induction. Some animals use electricity to hunt. Conductors allow charge movement while insulators do not. Current is the flow of charge. Voltage, resistance, and current are important measurements defined by Ohm's Law. Batteries produce current which needs a closed circuit to flow through components like switches, lights, and motors. Circuits can be constructed in series or parallel configurations.
Unit i edited
1. Electricity is the flow of electrons through a conductor. In AC power, electrons switch direction periodically at a set frequency (50 Hz in India), while in DC power electrons flow in one direction only.
2. Single phase power has one live wire, while three phase power has three live wires with the phases shifted 120 degrees from each other, providing more power with less current.
3. Protective devices like fuses and circuit breakers are used to cut off power in the event of overcurrent to prevent damage. Fuses melt and need replacing, while circuit breakers can be reset after tripping.
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This document provides an overview of electricity and magnetism. It discusses how electricity is the flow of electrons from areas of high potential to low potential. Circuits allow electricity to flow in an organized way from the positive end of a battery to the negative end. While direct current (DC) flows in one direction, alternating current (AC) switches direction periodically and is used to power appliances plugged into wall outlets. Magnets work due to their magnetic fields produced by protons and electrons aligned within the material. Electromagnets can be turned on and off using a battery to control the magnetic field. The document concludes with noting various sources of electricity like hydroelectric dams and wind turbines.
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Electrons moving between atoms causes electricity. Electricity is the flow of electrons through a conductor in a closed circuit. There are two types of circuits: series circuits which have one path for current and parallel circuits which have more than one path. Common household items like lights use parallel circuits powered by batteries which supply energy to move charges through the circuit.
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Electricity is produced by the flow of electrons through conductors like wires. Atoms contain protons, neutrons and electrons, and electrons can move between atoms. When a wire is connected to a battery, electrons flow through the wire creating an electrical current that powers devices. Current flows from the positive pole to the negative pole of the battery. Generators, alternators and batteries can all produce electrical currents. Materials are classified as conductors, which allow current to flow through them, or insulators which do not. Electric circuits transport current and power appliances. Circuits can be in series or parallel. Magnets contain north and south poles and can attract metals like iron.
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Electricity occurs naturally but people invented ways to measure and control it. Early pioneers like Gilbert, Stoney, and Thomson discovered properties of electricity and atoms. Franklin proved lightning is electricity. Volta invented the battery, and Faraday discovered electromagnetic induction. Edison developed the incandescent light bulb for DC power, while Tesla invented the AC induction motor developed by Westinghouse, establishing AC as the dominant power system.
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Static electricity builds up charge on objects but does not flow, storing potential energy. Current is the flow of electrons through a conductor, measured in amperes. There are two types of current: direct current flows one way while alternating current reverses direction. Circuits can be series, where all components are on one path, or parallel with multiple branching paths. Conductors easily transmit current while insulators do not. Resistance opposes current flow and is influenced by various material properties. Voltage measures the energy pushing current through a circuit. Ohm's Law defines the relationship between resistance, voltage and current. Electromagnets use current-carrying coils to generate magnetic fields, generators convert mechanical to electrical energy, and motors do the opposite
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This document provides an overview of basic electricity concepts. It explains that electric charge allows objects to exert force without touching via an electric field. Atoms have protons with positive charge and electrons with negative charge, and opposite charges attract while like charges repel. Charge can be transferred by contact or induction. Some animals use electricity to hunt. Conductors allow charge movement while insulators do not. Current is the flow of charge. Voltage, resistance, and current are important measurements defined by Ohm's Law. Batteries produce current which needs a closed circuit to flow through components like switches, lights, and motors. Circuits can be constructed in series or parallel configurations.
Unit i edited
1. Electricity is the flow of electrons through a conductor. In AC power, electrons switch direction periodically at a set frequency (50 Hz in India), while in DC power electrons flow in one direction only.
2. Single phase power has one live wire, while three phase power has three live wires with the phases shifted 120 degrees from each other, providing more power with less current.
3. Protective devices like fuses and circuit breakers are used to cut off power in the event of overcurrent to prevent damage. Fuses melt and need replacing, while circuit breakers can be reset after tripping.
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Electricity is the flow of electrons through conductors. It is present in lightning and power grids and allows appliances to function when plugged in. A circuit needs both a power source and a closed loop to allow electricity to flow. Switches and bulbs can be added to circuits to control and indicate the flow of electricity, with parallel circuits powering multiple devices simultaneously and series circuits requiring uninterrupted flow.
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This document provides an overview of current electricity, including:
- Current electricity involves a continuous flow of charged particles through a conductor, measured in amperes.
- Electric circuits form a closed loop through which current can flow. A difference in electric potential provides the incentive for current to flow.
- Voltage is a measure of the difference in electric potential and provides the force for current to flow. Batteries use chemical reactions to produce electricity between two electrodes.
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Calcium ion and bromide ion would form Calcium bromide. Potassium ion and sulfide ion would form Potassium sulfide. Aluminum ion and selenide ion would form Aluminum selenide. Metallic bonds form between metal cations through a "sea of electrons" shared between all the metal atoms. Metals are ductile and good conductors of electricity due to the free movement of delocalized valence electrons between metal cations. Alloys can have superior properties to their component elements.
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Electricity is the flow of electrons through conductors. It is present in lightning and power grids and allows appliances to function when plugged in. A circuit needs both a power source and a closed loop to allow electricity to flow. Switches and bulbs can be added to circuits to control and indicate the flow of electricity, with parallel circuits powering multiple devices simultaneously and series circuits requiring uninterrupted flow.
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This document provides an overview of current electricity, including:
- Current electricity involves a continuous flow of charged particles through a conductor, measured in amperes.
- Electric circuits form a closed loop through which current can flow. A difference in electric potential provides the incentive for current to flow.
- Voltage is a measure of the difference in electric potential and provides the force for current to flow. Batteries use chemical reactions to produce electricity between two electrodes.
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Electricity flows through circuits in a complete path called a closed circuit. Flashlights use batteries to power a light bulb through a closed circuit that is opened and closed by a switch. Circuits require a power source, conductor, and load, with electricity only flowing when the path is complete. Common conductors include metals, while insulators prevent electricity from flowing through materials like plastic or rubber. Circuits can be connected in series with one switch controlling all components, or parallel with individual switches for each component. Standard symbols are used to diagram electrical circuits.
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This document discusses key concepts of electricity and magnetism including:
- Static electricity, which is the build up of electric charge on objects without current flow.
- Electric current, which is the flow of electrons through a conductor and can be direct or alternating.
- Circuits, which provide a path for electric current to flow using components like wires. Circuits can be series or parallel.
- Other concepts covered are resistance, voltage, Ohm's Law, magnetism, electromagnets, generators, and motors.
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Click Here: https://www.digistore24.com/redir/269221/Manikji/
Topics Included:
• Inside View of a Torch
• Electric Bulb
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• Terminal
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• Electric Cell
• Electric Circuit
• Types of Circuit
• Open and Closed Switch
• Solar Cell
• Conductor and Insulator
• Different Methods of Producing Electricity
How electricity works
Electricity works through the movement of electrons in conductors like wires and cables. Atoms contain protons with a positive charge and electrons with a negative charge that orbit the nucleus. In conductors, some electrons are loosely bound and can flow freely. When a closed circuit is formed connecting a voltage source, such as a battery, the voltage pushes the electrons to flow in one direction. Electrical components like resistors can control or use this electron flow to perform tasks. Transformers can induce electron flow between two circuits to change voltage levels. Alternating current periodically changes direction while direct current flows one way.
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Electricity and magnetism are explained through three main topics: static electricity, electric currents and circuits, and electromagnetism. Key points include: (1) static electricity is the buildup of electric charge on an object that does not flow, (2) current is the flow of electrons through a conductor such as a wire in a circuit, and (3) electromagnets and motors/generators involve the interaction between electric currents and magnetic fields to produce magnetic effects or convert between electrical and mechanical energy.
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This document discusses basic semiconductor theory, including:
1. Semiconductors have conductivity between conductors and insulators and include materials like silicon, germanium, and gallium arsenide.
2. Doping semiconductors with impurities creates n-type or p-type materials by introducing excess electrons or holes.
3. The atomic structure of semiconductors includes valence and conduction energy bands separated by a bandgap through which electrons can jump with sufficient energy.
Metallic bonding
Metallic bonding results from the attraction between metal cations and delocalized electrons in the "sea" of electrons. This allows electrons to move freely throughout the metal and form metallic bonds between atoms. Metallic bonding gives metals properties like high melting points, conductivity of heat and electricity, and malleability.
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This document provides an overview of basic electricity concepts including:
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- Ohm's law defines the relationship between current, voltage, and resistance in a circuit.
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Electricity is caused by the flow of electrons. Atoms contain electrons that can be made to flow, creating electricity. There are three types of electric charge: negative (extra electrons), positive (missing electrons), and neutral (equal electrons and protons). Rubbing materials can add or remove electrons, creating a static electric charge. Electric current occurs when electrons flow through a complete circuit, powering devices. Circuits must include a power source, conducting wires, and a load. Conductors like metals readily allow electron flow, while insulators resist it.
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This document provides an introduction to solid state devices and semiconductors. It begins with an overview of Bohr's atomic model and classification of solids as insulators, conductors or semiconductors. It then discusses key concepts such as energy bands, forbidden energy gaps and the properties of semiconductors. Common semiconductors like silicon and germanium are also introduced. The document aims to give students foundational knowledge on the topic.
Electricity and Magnetism - Basic Concepts
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Electricity is the flow of electrons in the form of an electric charge. Static electricity occurs when objects rub against each other and electrons transfer, building up a charge. Charged objects interact - often clothes sticking together after drying due to a transfer of electrons between clothes. Magnets have north and south poles that attract or repel, and the Earth itself acts as a giant magnet. When an electric current passes through a wire, it produces a magnetic field, and an electromagnet is formed when current passes through a coil wrapped around metal. Direct current comes from batteries and supplies a constant flow, while alternating current comes from generators and alternates direction with each revolution
Metallic conductor
The document discusses electrical conductivity and resistivity in metals. It introduces key concepts like conduction occurring via electron movement, and factors that affect resistivity like temperature, alloying, and defects. It also covers topics like superconductivity, energy bands, and the relationship between conductivity and resistivity for pure metals and alloys. The document provides an overview of fundamental electrical properties of metals from both theoretical and applied perspectives.
Mat ch-1.pptx
This document provides an overview of atomic structure and theory. It begins by discussing how an understanding of atomic structure relates to materials properties. It then reviews the atomic models of Democritus, Dalton, Thomson, Rutherford, Bohr, and others. Key concepts covered include the nucleus, protons, neutrons, electrons, atomic number, mass number, and energy levels. The document also discusses atomic bonding mechanisms like ionic bonding, covalent bonding, and metallic bonding. Finally, it introduces topics like energy bands and the quantization of energy and light.
Lecture 14
The document discusses key concepts related to electrical conduction, including:
1) Ohm's law and how conductance/resistance and resistivity/conductivity are characterized. Conductivity varies significantly between conductors, semiconductors, and insulators.
2) How available electron energy states change from atoms to molecules to solids, and how this impacts conductivity. Band structures determine whether a material is a metal, semiconductor, or insulator.
3) Factors that influence resistivity like temperature, impurities, and defects. Electronic structure and scattering events are important to understanding variations in conductivity between materials.
Electricity and magnetism
Electricity and magnetism are closely related phenomena. Electricity is the flow of electric charge, commonly electrons, through a conductor. Static electricity refers to the build up of electric charge on an object from electron transfer. Magnetism is produced by electric currents and magnetic materials contain magnetic domains that align in magnetic fields. Electromagnets, electric motors, and generators demonstrate the interconversion between electricity and magnetism through electromagnetic induction.
Electricity
Atoms contain protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons are positively charged, electrons are negatively charged, and are located on the outer edges of atoms. Static electricity is the build up of an electric charge on the surface of an object without flowing. It can be discharged through friction, conduction, or induction. Electricity flows through circuits, which provide a path for electrons. Direct current flows in one direction, while alternating current changes direction.
Electrical and Magnetic Properties of Materials
Properties of a material which determine its response to an electric field.
Materials are classified based on their electrical properties as conductors, semiconductors and insulators and newly super conductors.
electricity powerpoint-0.ppt
This document provides an overview of electricity and magnetism concepts including:
- Atoms have protons, neutrons, and electrons which give them an overall charge. Electrons located on the outer edges of atoms can be moved, creating a net charge.
- The world contains many electrical charges both positive and negative, known as static electricity which builds up but does not flow. Static discharge occurs through friction, conduction, or induction.
- Electric current is the flow of electrons from one place to another, measured in amperes. Circuits provide paths for electron flow using wires and can be series or parallel.
- Materials are either conductors that allow electron flow or insulators that do not. Resistance opposes electron
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How does electricity works
- 3. Matter is anything that occupies space and has weight. Matter may either consist of various elements or occur as a single element. An element is a substance which cannot be split into simpler substances. For example copper, oxygen, carbon, gold etc. Elements are made up of many atoms. An atom is the smallest electrically neutral indivisible particle of an element which takes part in a chemical reaction.
- 4. Atoms are made up of Protons, Neutrons and electrons. Each of these has at least one property: ◦ Protons are positively charged ◦ Electrons are negatively charged ◦ Neutrons have no charge
- 5. The visualised structure of an atom It’s a Carbon - 12 atom Energy shell
- 6. Now that we have acquired the knowledge of matter, let’s get back to Electricity.
- 7. Electricity is a branch of science concerned with charges.
- 8. Dry cells Solar cells Electricity is often drawn from these devices:
- 9. Acid batteryDynamos (a.c and d.c)
- 10. In Electricity, we have terms like Conductors and Insulators
- 11. Conductors are materials/substances that allow electricity to pass through them easily. Examples are; copper, aluminium, silver and all wet substances. Copper and silver are good compared to other conductors because they have very low resistance.
- 12. Insulators are materials that do not allow electricity to pass through them easily. Examples are; papers, rubber, dry wood, plastics, glass, polyvinyl chloride and Bakelite. Rubber and glass are good insulators compared to others because they have very high resistance.
- 13. There are two types of electricity: 1. Static electricity 2. Current electricity
- 14. Static Electricity is where both positive and negative charges do not move in a material. Either of the charges gather on a surface of a material without moving. Whereas Current Electricity is where electrons move freely in a conductor.
- 15. Probably you have heard of these terms: Electric Current, this is the drift of electrons in a conductor. (The electrons move from atom to atom in the conductor). It is also the charge flowing in the circuit per unit time. Electric Circuit, this is the path of electricity or conductors along which electricity flows.
- 16. Ampere. An ampere is the SI unit of Current often abbreviated as A. When an electric current flows through a wire a potential difference is said to exist. A Potential difference between two points A and B (in a circuit) is the work done when moving a unit of charge from A to B. Volt is the SI unit of Potential difference. When current flows through a circuit, some components in the circuit pose opposition against it. This opposition is called Resistance. The SI unit of Resistance is ohm, its symbol is Ω.