rural housing

1. Review of Rural Housing
By Group 2

2. Introduction to Housing
Mahnoor Ahmed

3.  Housing is a house, a structure or an enclosure used for habitation by people, which
generally has walls, openings and a roof to shelter its enclosed space from inclement
weather, that is, precipitation, wind and heat (hotness or coldness).”
 Houses can be rural or urban. A rural area or countryside is a geographic area that is
located outside towns and cities.
 Typical rural areas have a low population density and small
settlements. Agricultural areas are commonly rural, though so are others such
as forests.

4. Importance of Housing
Shahtaj Leghari

5.  Housing is important to meet basic requirements of people in order to live.
 Needs are the basic requirements that people must have filled in order to live. All
people have physical, psychological, and other needs. They share the need for shelter
in which to eat, sleep, and carry on daily living activities.
 Physical Needs are the most basic human needs. They have priority over other needs
because they are essential for survival. They include shelter, food, water, and rest.
They are sometimes called basic needs or primary needs.
 Maslow’s Theory of Human Needs:

6. Rural Housing
Arooj

7.  The rural villagers of Pakistan commonly live in houses made of bricks, clay or mud with
wooden entrances. These typically have two or three rooms which house extended
families.
 The traditional rural houses of Punjab are a single storey, flat-roof, kutcha structure. It
can be divided into one part for residential purposes by the family and the other part
for cattle known as Bara.
 The characteristic feature of rural houses in Punjab is the absence of the covered
kitchen area. Cooking is done in the open.
 A kitchen is usually located in the open courtyard along with some wall, but always
near or adjacent to the main residential part of the house.
 Further, the absence of the bathroom and toilet rural houses type of Punjab is another
characteristic feature.

8. Census and Material of
Rural Housing
By Hodaa Usama

9.  In Balochistan, 14.16 % of people live in Semi Pacca homes and 77.44% live in Kucha
homes.
 In Sindh, 28.64 % of people live in Semi Pacca homes and 53.42% live in Kucha homes.
 In FATA 5.03 % of people live in Semi Pacca homes and 58.16% live in Kucha homes.
 In Khyber Pakhtunkha, 5.87 % of people live in Semi Pacca homes and 41.11 % live in
Kucha homes.
 In Punjab, 8.62% of people live in Semi Pacca homes and 39.16% live in Kucha homes.
 In Islamabad, 7% of people live in Semi Pacca homes and 7.45% of people live in kucha
homes.
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Balochistsan FATA Sindh Khyber Pakhtunkha Punjab Islamabad
Semi Pacca Kucha

10.  Thatch:
 Oldest of building materials known; grass is a good insulator and easily harvested.
However it is difficult to use since it is not durable.
 Wood:
 A product of trees, and sometimes other fibrous plants, used for construction purposes
when cut or pressed into boards. Wood can be very flexible under loads, keeping
strength while bending, and is incredibly strong when compressed vertically. “
 Timber:
 Raw wood (a log, trunk, bole) becomes timber when the wood has been "converted" by
being cut or split. The main problems with timber structures are fire risk and moisture.

11. Material Used in Rural
Housing
Ayesha Ghaznavi

12.  Brush:
 Built entirely from plant parts, these are built mostly with branches, twigs and leaves,
and bark, similar to a beaver's lodge.
 One of the oldest brush technique uses the wattle and daub process in which clay are
used to fill in the structure. This gives the structure more thermal mass and strength.
 Mud and clay:
 Clay based buildings can have walls made directly with the mud mixture, or walls built
by stacking air-dried building blocks called mud bricks.
 Other uses of clay in building is combined with straws to create light clay, wattle and
daub, and mud plaster.

13.  Wet-laid clay walls
 Also called damp walls. Made by using the mud or clay mixture directly and leads to
different styles of buildings. Depends on quality of soil used.
 Soil:
 Soil, and especially clay, provides good thermal mass; it is very good at keeping
temperatures at a constant level. Homes built with earth tend to be naturally cool in
the summer heat and warm in cold weather.
 Sand:
 Sand is used with cement, concrete mix , and sometimes lime, to make mortar for
masonry work and plaster. It is weaker but cheaper than fired clay bricks.

14.  Rocks and stones:
 Rock structures have existed for as long as history can recall. It is the longest lasting
building material available, and is usually readily available. There are many types of
rock throughout the world, all with differing properties that make them better or worse
for particular uses.
 Rock is a very dense material so it gives a lot of protection too; its main drawback as a
material is its weight and awkwardness. Another big drawback is that stone is hard to
keep warm without using large amounts of heating resources.
 Dry-stone walls have been built for as long as humans have put one stone on top of
another. Eventually, different forms of mortar were used to hold the stones together,
cement being the most commonplace now.

15. Structure of Housing in
Rural Areas
Ayesha Rizwan

16.  Poor people cannot afford the luxury of building materials other than the locally
available ones. These are usually kutcha houses.
 However, some better of people in the rural areas can afford to build houses using
burnt bricks and cement. These are called semi pucca houses.
 These houses consist of normally a kitchen, two bedrooms, 1 large sehan and one
bathroom. The entrance door is mostly small and there is a large sehan in front of main
entrance. Sehan are open, just bedrooms are covered with roof and they are normally
of high ceiling.

17.  In past bathrooms were open and are outside the homes but know like urban houses
bathroom are shifted inside the house and there are only one for the whole family.
 Kitchens are mostly open because there is no proper gas connection in the rural areas
but now days there are more kitchens in which gas connections and are closed kitchen.

18. House Planning in Rural
Areas
By Muneeba Ijaz

19.  Water system in rural areas:
 The most common and ancient type of water reserve in rural areas is wells. There are
different types of wells in rural areas.
 Drilled wells:
 Drilled wells access groundwater by boring a hole into an aquifer, with the upper part
lined with casing, usually steel. Though much safer than surface water or shallow wells,
groundwater wells are still susceptible to contamination and treatment of the water
may be required.

20.  Dug or shallow wells:
 These consist of an excavation (usually with a backhoe or excavator) into the aquifer,
and are lined with concrete walls. The walls prevent the collapse of the excavated area
and along with an apron and seal, exclude surface germs from entering the water.
 Surface wells:
 Surface wells are wells that draw water directly from a surface source through a variety
of piping and pump methods.

21. House Planning in Rural
Areas
By Ruqayya Siddiq

22.  Rural areas do not have houses planned specifically like urban areas. There are usually
no addresses for houses and also no map which decides where a house will be
constructed.
 Usually, people build houses in a form of cluster where a group of houses are placed
near a field, well, school, or animal tying area. The people who live in these houses
choose this location so that they can be near the resources they need since most do not
have a form of transportation.
 This type of rural house planning is called cluster spacing. It is most commonly found in
small villages but also in some larger villages and towns.

23.  Most rural areas do not have roads and even those who do have broken and rock filled
roads. They are kucha roads and the are built between the different clusters of houses
so that people who live in one area can easily walk to another cluster of houses.
 Even though people in rural houses are not rich and cannot afford wall papers, tiles,
and other decorations, they still use hand painted art to decorate their homes.

24. Envrionment of Rural
Housing
By Iqra

25.  Rural life in Pakistan depicts a true picture of our culture. Villagers are very traditional
people who are hard workers. They wake up early in the morning with the Fajar prayers
and start working in the fields. They work all day long in the field under the sun
without caring about the harsh weather. This is the only way for them to earn their
livelihood.
 They live in a serene and clean environment surrounded by green orchids and lush crop
fields. There are beautiful flowing streams and ponds. People live in a very well knit
community; they help and solve each other’s problems.
 The elders have great respect and in the evening they gather together and discuss their
village problems, which mainly surround the water distribution, good or bad crop during
the season and other matters of daily life.

26.  There are many discussions full of opposite views and dissensions too, yet at the end in
every matter the izzat of the village is and should remain supreme in every village
dweller’s eyes.
 Then there will be discussion about lack of basic amenities, they don’t have proper
drinking water, no schools and colleges and somewhere even no sewerage system at all.
Some villages really need attention so that they can move on the road to progress.

27. Current Conditions of
Rural Housing
By Maheen Noor

28.  Electricity & Gas:
 96.4% urban areas have electricity compared to 74.3% in rural areas. Those who don’t
have it use gas and oil as a fuel for lighting.
 Sialkot is at the top with 99.29% households having electricity connection. In N.W.F.P
Musakhel and Awaran (9%) are the lowest districts having electricity connections.
 Only 4.9 % households in rural households are using gas compared to 61.6% in urban
areas.
 Sources of Drinking Water:
 The main source of drinking water in rural areas in Pakistan is the hand pump. Hand
pumps and motor pumps together help 60 per cent of households with drinking. Those
who don’t have pumps use wells.

29. Current Conditions of
Rural Housing
By Areeba Lodhi

30.  Toilets:
 In Pakistan as a whole, 26 per cent households do not have any toilet. This varies
greatly between urban and rural areas i.e. 6 per cent of urban households have no
toilet compared to 40 per cent of rural households.
 Rural areas have much poorer sanitation arrangement than they do in drinking water
arrangement. However, there seems to has been improvement in rural sanitation. In
the previous years, 11% more houses have toilets and 6% houses have flush toilets.

31.  Heating and Cooling:
 There is very poor heating and cooling arrangement in rural areas. More than half do
not half a fan and no rural house has an AC. Some houses have a hole made of dirt in
the ground which they light with fire to stay warm since they do not have heaters.
Luckily, the choice of material can help with keeping the houses cool or warm.
As mud us a bad conductor of heat, it does not
allow external heat to come in summer and
internal heat to go out in winter

32. Comparison of Urban
and Rural Conditions
By Fizza Safdar

33. BASIS FOR COMPARISON URBAN RURAL
Meaning A settlement where the
population is very high and
has features of a built
environment, is known as
urban.
An area located in the outskirts,
is known as rural.
Includes Cities and towns Villages and hamlet
Life Fast and complicated Simple and relaxed
Environment Greater isolation from
nature.
Direct contact with nature.
Associated with Non-agricultural work, i.e.
trade, commerce or
provision of services.
Agriculture and livestock.
Population size Densely populated Sparsely populated
Development Planned settlement exists in
urban areas, which are
developed according to the
process of urbanization and
industrialization.
Developed randomly, based on
availability of natural vegetation
and fauna in the area.
Social mobility Highly intensive Less intensive
Division of labor Always present at the time
of job allotment.
No such division.

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