Host response to Necrotizing Ulcerative Disease (NUP+NUG)
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Necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis (NUP) is a destructive disease that causes periodontal attachment and bone loss without conventional periodontal pockets. It is characterized by ulcerative and necrotizing lesions that destroy the marginal gingiva and connective tissue, resulting in gingival recession. Unlike conventional periodontitis where epithelial cells can migrate and form pockets, the necrosis of the epithelium in NUP prevents pocket formation. NUP frequently occurs in individuals under psychological stress or with decreased neutrophil function and phagocytic response. Microscopically, NUP lesions have zones of bacteria, neutrophils, necrosis, and spirochete infiltration.
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Extravasation Mucocele– A Case Report
DOI:10.21276/ijlssr.2016.2.4.12
ABSTRACT- Mucocele is a commonly found benign, mucus-containing cystic lesion of the minor salivary gland caused
due to the damage or blocking of the glands. The damaged duct causes the saliva to build up and a cyst like swelling
ensues. Histologically they are of two types: Extravasation cyst and Retention cyst. Clinically they present themselves as
soft, bluish and transparent cyst like swelling especially on the lower lip. This case report presents a case of a 35 year old
male patient reporting with a soft bluish swelling on the inside of the lower lip. The history revealed the patients habit of
biting on the lower lip hence a differential diagnosis of mucocele, oral hemangioma, oral lympangioma, lipoma, and soft
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diagnosis was formulated as mucocele from the history of trauma, clinical features, and investigation (chemical analysis).
Complete excision of the lesion was done and sent for histopathological investigation which revealed a mucin-filled
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devoid of any scar formation commonly associated with such surgery’s. There was no recurrence of the cyst after 6
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learn about salivary glands lesions in oral cavity. summary of each lesion in flash cards. mucocele can have to represenation depending on the situation. can be extravasation or retention
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Oral mucocele is a clinical term that refers to two related phenomena
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DOI:10.21276/ijlssr.2016.2.4.12
ABSTRACT- Mucocele is a commonly found benign, mucus-containing cystic lesion of the minor salivary gland caused
due to the damage or blocking of the glands. The damaged duct causes the saliva to build up and a cyst like swelling
ensues. Histologically they are of two types: Extravasation cyst and Retention cyst. Clinically they present themselves as
soft, bluish and transparent cyst like swelling especially on the lower lip. This case report presents a case of a 35 year old
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Mucous cysts, also known as mucoceles, are quite common in the general population, normally appearing on the lower lip. Most of the cases of mucoceles are seen in individuals under the age of 30.They are painless but can be bothersome because you are not mouth, and epulis when on the gums. To know more visit here: www.lazoi.comPseudoepithelial hyperplasia
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1 hyperplasia of oral mucosa
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Mucous cysts (Mucoceles): Symptoms, causes, treatment and preventions.
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Mucous cysts, also known as mucoceles, are quite common in the general population, normally appearing on the lower lip. Most of the cases of mucoceles are seen in individuals under the age of 30.They are painless but can be bothersome because you are not mouth, and epulis when on the gums. To know more visit here: www.lazoi.comPseudoepithelial hyperplasia
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7. MUCOCELE 2015
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This document discusses various types of cysts found in the oral cavity and jaws. It defines odontogenic cysts as those lined by epithelium from tooth development and non-odontogenic cysts as those arising from epithelial inclusions during facial development. Specific cysts discussed include nasolabial cysts arising from the nasolacrimal duct, nasopalatine duct cysts from remnants of the nasopalatine duct, and globulomaxillary cysts between the maxilla and premaxilla. Clinical features, radiographic appearance, histopathology and treatment are described for each. The document provides an overview of developmental cysts of the oral region.
Periapical cyst
An epithelial cyst, odontogenic cyst ,inflammatory cyst derived from cell Rest of Malassez , that proliferation in response to inflammation.
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This document provides an overview of the microscopic anatomy of the gingiva. It describes the different layers of the gingival epithelium including the oral epithelium, sulcular epithelium, and junctional epithelium. It also discusses the cellular components and layers of the connective tissue below the epithelium. Key structures are described like desmosomes, hemidesmosomes, and tonofilaments that provide connections between epithelial cells and attachment to underlying tissues. The functions of the different epithelial layers and their roles in barrier function and wound healing are also summarized.
Radicular cyst
Radicular cyst, also known as a root end or periapical cyst, is the most common inflammatory odontogenic cyst found in 58-63% of human jaws. It occurs more in males in the third to fifth decades of life and most commonly affects the maxillary anteriors. Radicular cysts form when bacteria from necrosed pulp tissue stimulate epithelial cell rests of Malassez, causing proliferation and liquefaction necrosis of epithelial strands and the formation of a cyst cavity. Left untreated, radicular cysts can cause expansion and pathological fracture of the adjacent jaw bone as well as migration of nearby teeth.
1 hyperplasia of oral mucosa
Localized hyperplastic lesions of the oral mucosa are non-cancerous enlargements that develop in response to chronic irritation or inflammation. The most common types are fibrous epulis, vascular epulis, and giant cell epulis. Fibrous epulis is made up of fibrous tissue and develops from gingival irritation by dental plaque or calculus. Vascular epulis, also called pyogenic granuloma, contains many blood vessels and often appears red and bleeds easily. Giant cell epulis contains multinucleated giant cells and develops on the gums or alveolar ridge. These hyperplastic lesions can be removed surgically if they do not regress after removing the irritating
Ranula
Mucoceles are benign cysts caused by mucus extravasation or retention from minor salivary glands. When located in the floor of the mouth, they are called ranulas. Ranulas present as smooth, blue, dome-shaped swellings that can enlarge and elevate the tongue. Treatment involves complete surgical excision of the cyst wall and sublingual gland to prevent recurrence, while preserving nearby nerves like the lingual nerve. Plunging ranulas extend behind the mylohyoid muscle into the neck.
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Mucous cysts (Mucoceles): Symptoms, causes, treatment and preventions.
Mucous cysts (Mucoceles): Symptoms, causes, treatment and preventions.
Similar to Host response to Necrotizing Ulcerative Disease (NUP+NUG)
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This document discusses the sequelae of pulpitis, including necrotic pulp, acute and chronic apical periodontitis, periapical abscess, periapical granuloma, periapical cyst, osteomyelitis, cellulitis, and periostitis. It describes the clinical features, radiographic appearance, and treatment for each condition. Non-surgical management of apical lesions includes conservative root canal treatment, decompression techniques, aspiration and irrigation, use of calcium hydroxide, lesion sterilization and repair therapy, and the apexum procedure.
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- Periodontal pockets are pathologically deepened gingival sulci caused by apical migration of the junctional epithelium and loss of attachment.
- They are classified based on their morphology (gingival vs. periodontal), nature of the soft tissue wall (edematous vs. fibrotic), number of tooth surfaces involved (simple, compound, complex), and disease activity (active vs. inactive).
- Histopathologically, the soft tissue wall shows inflammatory cell infiltration and degeneration, while the root surface
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Trench mouth, sometimes called acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG), is a severe gum infection that spreads quickly. It is typified by the abrupt onset of significant bleeding, ulceration, and gum discomfort; these symptoms are frequently accompanied by a very bad breath odor. ANUG is frequently linked to immunosuppression, smoking, stress, and poor dental hygiene. Young individuals are usually affected by the illness, which if neglected can result in severe tissue loss. It is crucial to have prompt dental care, such as expert cleaning and antibiotic treatments, in order to control ANUG and stop subsequent issues.
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Periodontal pockets are pathological deepening of the gingival sulcus caused by bacteria and their toxic byproducts. Pockets are classified based on their base and involved tooth surfaces. Clinically, pockets present with bluish red thickened gingiva and vertical zones extending from the gingival margin to the alveolar mucosa. Pocket contents include microorganisms, dental plaque, gingival crevicular fluid and food remnants. Histologically, the soft tissue wall shows inflammation and the junctional epithelium is shortened. Root surfaces exhibit structural, chemical and cytotoxic changes. Periodontal abscesses are localized purulent infections treated through drainage, antimicrobials and surgery.
PERIODONTAL POCKET.pptx
This document discusses periodontal pockets, including their classification, clinical features, pathogenesis, and histopathology. Periodontal pockets are pathologically deepened gingival sulci that are a key feature of periodontal disease. They can form via gingival enlargement or destruction of supporting tissues. Histologically, the soft tissue wall shows edema, inflammation and sometimes fibrosis or ulceration. Bacteria may accumulate in the pocket and invade tissues. The pocket represents an area of ongoing healing and destruction in response to the bacterial challenge.
Dental caries sequelae
SEQUELAE. Most dental pain occurs as a result of caries. Initially, caries presents as a painless white spot (decalcification of the enamel, which may be reversible), followed by cavitation and brownish discoloration. ... Untreated caries can progress through the dentine to the pulp, which becomes inflamed (pulpitis)
Periodontal pocket
The document defines and classifies periodontal pockets. Key points:
- Periodontal pockets are pathologically deepened gingival sulci with destruction of supporting tissues.
- They are classified as suprabony, infrabony, or furcation pockets based on their location relative to alveolar bone.
- Periodontal pockets contain plaque, microorganisms, inflammatory cells and products that drive the pathogenesis of periodontitis through host immune response and tissue destruction.
- Probing depth measures pocket depth while attachment loss measures loss of supporting tissues from their original position. Pocket depth does not always correlate with severity of bone loss.
Periodontal pocket
The periodontal pocket is a pathologically deepened gingival sulcus that is a key sign of periodontal disease. Pockets can be classified based on their morphology, relationship to crestal bone, number of tooth surfaces involved, soft tissue walls, and disease activity. The pathogenesis involves bacterial plaque that leads to inflammation, collagen loss, and detachment of the junctional epithelium from the tooth, forming a pocket. Pockets contain debris and can promote further attachment and bone loss if left untreated. Treatment involves non-surgical approaches like scaling and root planing or surgical procedures to reduce pocket depth.
(11) PERIODONTAL POCKET lecture.pptx
This document discusses periodontal pockets, which are a characteristic feature of periodontitis. A periodontal pocket forms due to destruction of the supporting periodontal tissues and is classified as either true or false. True pockets involve bone loss while false pockets are due to gingival enlargement without bone loss. Pockets are also classified based on their location relative to the bone (supra/intra-bony) and the number of tooth surfaces involved (simple, compound, complex). The document outlines the clinical signs and symptoms of pockets, how they are detected via probing, and their histopathology. Bacteria can invade pockets and cause further inflammation and tissue destruction, leading to deeper pockets if not treated.
Pemphigus
Pemphigus is a potentially life threatening autoimmune disease that causes blisters and erosions of the skin and the mucous membrane.
Diseases of periradicular tissues by dr ramesh bharti
This document discusses periradicular lesions of pulpal origin. It defines acute apical periodontitis as a painful inflammation of the periodontium resulting from trauma, irritation or infection through the root canal, regardless of whether the pulp is vital or non-vital. Causes include occlusal trauma, foreign objects between teeth, blows to teeth, and bacterial diffusion from non-vital pulps. Symptoms are pain and tenderness, and diagnosis is based on history and percussion sensitivity. Treatment aims to determine the cause and relieve symptoms. Chronic apical periodontitis may develop without symptoms and be preceded by acute conditions.
Dental sequalae of pulpitis and management of apical lesions
The document discusses the dental sequelae of pulpitis, including defensive, bone, soft tissue, and blood reactions. It describes the acute and chronic pathways of pulpitis and various conditions that may arise such as periapical abscesses, osteomyelitis, cellulitis, periapical granulomas, and periapical cysts. Methods for managing apical lesions include nonsurgical approaches like root canal treatment and surgical treatment when nonsurgical methods are unsuccessful. Factors to consider in treatment planning include the diagnosis, proximity to other teeth, patient cooperation, and obstructions within the root canal.
Gingiva
The document provides an overview of the anatomy of the gingiva. It begins with definitions of gingiva from various sources and discusses the embryology and origin from both ectoderm and mesoderm. The macroscopic anatomy section describes the different types of gingiva - marginal, interdental papilla, and attached gingiva. The microscopic anatomy sections cover the epithelial layers, basement membrane, and connective tissue components. Blood supply, nerve supply, and lymphatic drainage are also summarized briefly.
Periodontal Pocket
Periodontal pocket is a pathologically deepened gingival sulcus. There are two types of pockets - gingival pocket and periodontal pocket. The periodontal pocket formation is the first step in the periodontal destruction. It is important to understand the etiopathogenesis of the periodontal pocket formation for appropriate diagnosis and treatment planning.
Inflammatory Overgrowths
Inflammatory Overgrowths; Epulis, Pyogenic Granuloma, Fibroepithelial Polyps, Frictional Keratosis, Nicotinic Stomatitis
CYSTS OF HEAD AND NECK
This seminar consists of various cysts seen in the oral cavity alonh with various classifications and added case repots for better understanding and the various treatment protocols followed for treating various cysts.
GINGIVA IN HEALTH.ppt
This document provides an overview of gingiva anatomy and histology. It begins by defining gingiva as the oral mucosa that covers the alveolar processes and surrounds tooth necks. It then discusses the microscopic layers of gingival epithelium including the stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, and stratum corneum. The document also describes the non-keratinocyte cells found in gingival epithelium such as Langerhans cells, melanocytes, and Merkel cells. Finally, it lists the different fiber types found in gingival connective tissue including collagen, reticulin, elastic, and oxytalan fibers.
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PULP AND PERIAPICAL DISEASES-2 / oral surgery courses
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Diseases of periradicular tissues by dr ramesh bharti
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Dental sequalae of pulpitis and management of apical lesions
Dental sequalae of pulpitis and management of apical lesions
More from Mohammed Alawad
Comparison between Odontogenic & Non-odontogenic Tumors
The document compares odontogenic tumors and non-odontogenic tumors. Odontogenic tumors originate from tooth-forming tissue and occur exclusively in the jaw bones, near teeth. Their cause is unknown but may be associated with unerupted teeth. Non-odontogenic tumors originate from epithelial or connective tissues and can occur anywhere in the oral cavity or lips. Their causes include chronic irritation, tobacco, alcohol, infections, and radiation exposure. Odontogenic tumors have lower biological activity, less effect on surrounding structures, and are less likely to metastasize than non-odontogenic tumors.
Etiology of Leukoplakia
The main causes of oral leukoplakia are the use of tobacco and areca (betel) nut, which are significant risk factors. Chronic candidiasis and the practice of reverse smoking have also been linked to leukoplakia. Other potential causes include trauma from cheek biting or jagged teeth, irritation from ill-fitting dentures or dental work, consumption of sanguinaria or alcohol, and vitamin deficiencies. Underlying conditions like oral cancer or candidiasis can also contribute to leukoplakia development.
Acute Herpetic GingivoStomatitis (AHGS) Investigations
Acute Herpetic GingivoStomatitis Diagnostic Investigations:
Tzanck testing
Viral culture
Direct immunofluorescence
When to Visit/Refer to An ENT Specialist
ENT specialists should be referred for conditions of the ear, nose, throat, head and neck including: tympanic membrane disorders, otitis externa, adenoid problems, smell and taste issues, hoarseness, chronic sore throat, sinus infections, tonsillitis, swollen lymph nodes lasting over two weeks, laryngitis lasting over six weeks, repeated or severe ear infections, hearing issues like loss or ringing, vertigo, and balance issues. An ENT can diagnose, treat, and perform surgery for these conditions and help manage their recurrence or underlying causes.
Diagnosis and Etiology of Dyspnea (Shortness of breath)
This document discusses the differential diagnosis of dyspnea (shortness of breath). It begins by defining dyspnea and listing potential causes as psychiatric, respiratory, or cardiovascular. It then outlines 6 steps for evaluating dyspnea, including assessing airway, breathing and circulation, considering possible etiologies based on history, performing a physical exam, ordering tests, making a differential diagnosis and treating. Key signs like hypoxia and cyanosis are discussed. Causes of respiratory system dyspnea related to control, ventilation or gas exchange are covered. Finally, cardiovascular causes of dyspnea from pump failure or other issues are addressed before concluding with references.
Tooth Discoloration
Tooth discoloration is defined as changes in color, hue or translucency of the tooth that are visible through the enamel and result from changes in the pulp-dentin complex or tooth surface. Tooth discoloration can be classified as either extrinsic or intrinsic. Extrinsic discoloration occurs on the surface of the tooth from direct stains like foods, drinks, tobacco or plaque. Intrinsic discoloration occurs within the tooth structure from metabolic, inherited, iatrogenic or traumatic causes.
Management of Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate
The document discusses the surgical management of cleft lip and palate. A multidisciplinary team approach is needed to develop a protocol of care. The protocol involves lip repair at 3 months and palate repair at 8 months to achieve cosmetic and functional restoration. The lip is repaired using the Millard technique and the scar follows the philtrum line. Mucoperiosteal flaps are used to repair the hard and soft palate.
Non Odontogenic Cysts
This document discusses non-odontogenic cysts, which are cysts that arise from epithelial entrapments during embryonic development and are not derived from odontogenic epithelium. It describes several types of non-odontogenic cysts including fissural cysts like the nasopalatine duct cyst, pseudo cysts like the traumatic bone cyst, and soft tissue cysts like the thyroglossal cyst. Radiographic appearances and locations are provided for different cyst types.
Impacted Wisdom tooth/Third Molar Complications
The document discusses several reasons why impacted third molars (wisdom teeth) can cause pain and issues if left untreated. It describes how food debris and bacteria can collect around impacted teeth and lead to infections, abscesses, cysts, damage to adjacent teeth from decay or abnormal eruption, and in severe cases, pathologic fractures of the jaw. Delaying treatment of infections from impacted teeth can allow the infection to progress and cause more serious issues.
Systemic Causes of Maleruption
Systemic conditions such as Down syndrome, cleidocranial dysplasia, hypothyroidism, and hypopituitarism can cause delayed tooth eruption. Specifically, Down syndrome is associated with delayed eruption that can lead to ectopic eruption. Cleidocranial dysplasia is characterized by absent clavicles, delayed primary dentition, and presence of supernumerary teeth. Congenital hypothyroidism results in smaller jaws, crowded teeth, and delayed eruption of both primary and permanent teeth. Hypopituitarism causes retention of primary teeth and failure of permanent teeth to erupt.
Dental Management of CardioVascular Diseases (CVD)
1. Dental management of patients with cardiovascular diseases requires understanding their medical history and conditions, as well as coordinating care with their physician.
2. For hypertensive patients, dentists should measure blood pressure at every visit and postpone treatment during hypertensive crises.
3. Patients on anticoagulant therapy or at risk of infective endocarditis require special precautions like pre-treatment with antimicrobials and avoidance of invasive procedures whenever possible. Close collaboration with physicians is important.
Manifestations of Brain Tumor
This document provides information about the symptoms of brain tumors. Symptoms can include headaches, altered mental status, ataxia, nausea, vomiting, weakness, and gait disturbances. Specific types of brain tumors may present with additional symptoms, such as temporal lobe tumors potentially leading to emotional or behavioral changes, and acoustic neuromas presenting with hearing loss and tinnitus. Brain tumors can cause general symptoms like increased intracranial pressure or specific symptoms depending on the location in the brain.
Cell Culture: Tools and Techniques
Cell culture is the process of growing cells in an artificial environment outside of their natural environment. There are two main types of cell culture: primary culture, which uses cells directly from tissue; and continuous culture, which uses cells from an already established primary culture. Various tools and equipment are used in cell culture, including incubators, biosafety cabinets, refrigerators, freezers, cell culture bottles and dishes. Common growth media used include nutrient broths for general growth and agar plates for solid growth environments. Specific media like blood agar and MacConkey agar are used to select for certain types of microorganisms.
Effects of Radiation on The Body
Exposure to x-ray radiation can affect several sensitive areas of the body. The head is sensitive and effects may include hair loss, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, hearing loss, and seizures. Radiation exposure to the lens of the eye can cause cataracts. The thyroid gland is also very sensitive and effects include thyroid dysfunction, thyrotoxicosis, thyroid carcinoma, and cardiac disease. Lymph nodes, bone marrow, and intestinal mucosa are all highly sensitive areas where radiation exposure increases risks of diseases like Hodgkin's lymphoma, leukemia, anorexia nervosa, and reduced blood flow and fertility. The skin, especially in children, can experience redness and increased risk of skin cancers like melanoma. Effects to the abdomen
Caries Progression
Mohammed Alawad's document discusses the progression of tooth caries in 5 phases from initial subsurface demineralization to extension into the pulp. It explains that caries progression is caused by an imbalance favoring demineralization over remineralization and that a larger imbalance leads to faster progression. The document describes the visual signs of caries at each phase from white spot lesions to cavities and pain upon reaching the dentin or pulp. It notes that the demineralization process is reversible at early stages but becomes irreversible once a cavity forms.
Causes of Gagging reflex in impression taking
The document discusses the gag reflex that many patients experience during dental procedures. Having a gag reflex can be disturbing for the patient and increase the dentist's workload and time. In severe cases, it may cause the dentist to abort the appointment and reschedule. Dental impressions in particular can often trigger the gag reflex due to the viscous impression material and slow setting time. The gag reflex is the body's natural defense mechanism to prevent foreign objects from entering the airway. It can be triggered by the impression tray, viscous materials, odors, or acoustic stimuli for some patients. The gag reflex can cause discomfort and make patients reluctant to return to the dentist for future treatment.
Indications and Contraindications of Retentive pins
This document discusses indications and contraindications for cemented threaded and frictional pins. Indications include when increased retention is needed, such as in badly broken down or mutilated teeth. They can also be used as additional retention aids in endodontically or periodontically involved teeth. Pin-retained restorations may be more economical for complex cases and are preferred over cast restorations for geriatric or debilitated patients. Pins can be used when cusps need capping. Contraindications include risk of perforating tooth structure, anterior teeth except with no gross loss of structure, pulpal exposure where stresses load the pulp, when amalgam strength is needed as pins weaken restorations,
Radiographic findings of Endodontic lesions
Inflammation from endodontic disease affects the surrounding bone and teeth, causing changes that can be seen on radiographs. Radiographs used to evaluate the periapical tissues should include the entire root tip and bone, and be well-positioned to avoid distortions. Radiographic signs of endodontic disease include loss of the lamina dura, increased width of the periodontal ligament space, periapical radiolucencies with distinct or indistinct borders indicating acute or chronic lesions, diffuse radiopacities from sclerosing osteomyelitis, and changes to the trabecular bone pattern. Internal and external root resorption as well as changes to pulp cavity size from pulpitis can also
Systemic Causes of Gagging reflex in impression taking
Chronic conditions like deviated septums, nasal polyps, sinusitis, and blockages can increase the gag reflex by changing nasal function. Chronic stomach issues including alcoholism, stomach cancer, ulcers, and gallbladder inflammation can increase or decrease acid in the mouth, contributing to nausea and gagging. Factors like pharynx inflammation from smoking and drinking, medications causing nausea, and diaphragmatic hernias can also impact the gag reflex.
Causes of Gagging reflex in impression taking
The document discusses the gag reflex that many patients experience during dental procedures. Having a gag reflex can be disturbing for the patient and increase the dentist's workload and time. In some cases where a patient has a strong gag reflex, the dentist may need to reschedule the appointment for the patient's comfort. Impression procedures can be especially sensitive and more likely to trigger a gag reflex due to viscous impression materials with slow setting times entering the mouth. The gag reflex is the body's natural defense mechanism to prevent foreign objects from entering the upper respiratory tract. When objects touch the areas of the mouth and throat, muscles contract uncontrollably to force them away from the airway.
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Comparison between Odontogenic & Non-odontogenic Tumors
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Acute Herpetic GingivoStomatitis (AHGS) Investigations
Acute Herpetic GingivoStomatitis (AHGS) Investigations
Diagnosis and Etiology of Dyspnea (Shortness of breath)
Diagnosis and Etiology of Dyspnea (Shortness of breath)
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Indications and Contraindications of Retentive pins
Indications and Contraindications of Retentive pins
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Host response to Necrotizing Ulcerative Disease (NUP+NUG)
- 2. The distinguishing feature of NUP is the destructive progression of the disease, which includes periodontal attachment and bone loss. Deep interdental osseous craters However, “conventional” periodontal pockets with deep probing depth are not found, because the ulcerative and necrotizing nature of the gingival lesion destroys the marginal epithelium and connective tissue, thereby resulting in gingival recession.
- 4. Periodontal pockets are formed because the junctional epithelial cells remain viable and can therefore migrate apically to cover areas of lost connective- tissue attachment. The necrosis of the junctional epithelium in patients with NUG and NUP creates an ulcer that prevents this epithelial migration, and a pocket cannot form.
- 5. • Surface epithelium replaced by meshwork of fibrin, necrotic epithelial cells, PMN’s. • Connective tissue is extremely hyperemic, with engorged capillaries and dense infiltration of PMN’s
- 6. Necrotizing Ulcerative Periodontitis (NUP) frequently occurs in the presence of: Psychologic stress. ? Decreased neutrophil chemotaxis. (↓ IMMUNITY X ↓ IMMUNE RESPONSE) Phagocytic response. (INNATE IMMUNITY)
- 8. ?
- 9. Microscopically, NUG has 4 zones: ZONE 1: Bacterial zone, large mass of bacteria of varying morphotypes ZONE 2: Neutrophil rich zone ZONE 3: Necrotic zone ZONE 4: Zone of Spirochetal infiltration
- 10. REFERENCES: 1. Jiménez LM, Duque FL, Baer PN et al: Necrotizing ulcerative periodontal diseases in children and young adults in Medel- lín, Columbia, 1965-2000, J Int Acad Periodontol 7:55-63, 2005. 2. MG Newman, HH. Takei, PR Klokkevold, FA Carranza (editors) (2012) "Carranza's clinical periodontology" 11th edition, Elsevier/Saunders, p. 165 3. Horning GM: Necrotizing gingivostomatitis-NUG to noma, Compend Contin Educ Dent 17:951-962, 1996. 4. James A.Katancik et al, "Head, Neck, and Orofacial Infections" A Multidisciplinary Approach 2016, Pages 189- 202 https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-28945-0.00011-9