contents
Introduction
Strategic initiatives for Hospitals
Infrastructure of Hospital
Health Information technology
HIT functional units
Benefits of HIT
Essential manpower
Medical equipments for Hospitals
Patient Care
Introduction:
From its gradual evolution through the 18th &n19th centuries the hospital has come of age only recently during the past 50 years
A hospital is an integral part of a social and medical organization, the function of which to provide for the complete health care, both curative and preventive and whose outpatient services reach out to the family and its home environment; the hospital is also a center for training of health workers and biosocial research.
Hospital management is the field relating to leadership, management and administration of public health systems, health care systems, Hospitals and hospital networks in all the primary, secondary and tertiary sectors.
The Clinical Establishments (Registration and Regulation) Act, 2010 has been enacted
by the Central Government to provide for registration and regulation of all clinical establishments in the country with a view to prescribe the minimum standards of facilities and services provided by them.
The minimum standards for Allopathic hospitals Under Clinical Establishment Act, 2010 are developed on the basis of level of care provided, as defined below
General Medical services with indoor admission facility provided by recognised allopathic medical graduate(s) and may also include general dentistry services provided by recognized BDS graduates.
Example: PHC, Government and Private Hospitals and Nursing Homes run by MBBS Doctors etc.
Aims and activities :
Improve the patient experience.
Measure and report quality performance.
Adopt to new payment models.
Address the possible impact of health insurance exchanges.
Work on an approach to population health management.
Focus on clinical integration
Explore new physician alignment strategies.
Respond to an aging population.
some of the strategic issues that must be considered are –
• Regionalization
• Pre- planning consideration
• Need assessment
• Plot ratio
• Design for flexibility and expandability
• Fulfill the demand functions
• Emphasize on patient focused hospital
• Focus on energy conservation
Intelligent buildings
• Create a healing architecture
• Aesthetic – an essential requisite
• Hospital architecture
• Go green
Protection from unwanted and unnecessary disturbances in
order to help speedy recovery
Separation of dissimilar activities
Control – the nurses station should be positioned strategically
to enable proper monitoring of visitors entering and leaving
the ward, infants and children should be protected from theft
and infection etc.
Circulation- all the departments of a hospital must be
properly integrated.
(“separate all departments, yet keep them all together;
separate types of traffic, yet save steps for everybody; that is
all there is to hospital planning “– Emerson Goble)
IT App
Medical Records is a foremost important in the healthcare accreditation bodies like JCI,NABH are very adherent about its documentation,retention and confidentiality.
Welcome introduction ppt for 2016 BAMS admission Students rajendra deshpande
Welcome to BAMS Course PPT -- By Prof. Dr. R. R. Deshpande
• This PPT – Based on the first lecture ( like an address ) of Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande to new admitted students in 2016 in Ayurved college ,Nigdi Pune ,India . Prof.Deshpande explains about God Dhanvantari ,God of Health .He explains about course BAMS ,Governing bodies ,Subjects of BAMS ,Staff of Ayurved college ,Syllabus Distribution of Kriya Sharir .He Gives Basic Information of Ayurved .He introduces himself .He gives his ATP ( Advance Teaching Programme) ,date wise Topics. Lastly he gives Time Table to students .
• Visit – www.ayurvedicfriend.com
• Phone – 922 68 10 630
Dravyaguna part 1 By Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande & Dr.Ila Bhorrajendra deshpande
This ppt is prepared & uploaded by Prof.dr.R.R.Deshpande & Dr.Ila Bhor .This ppt is very useful for Ayurvedic Students .This includes raw & wet Herbs with nice photos & information of their properties ,Uses & products.This ppt is a part of Pack of 7 PPTS .So viewers must also see Dravyaguna Part 1 to 7 .Please feel free to discuss any thing to us on 922 68 10 630 or 9423211003
Rog Nidan –Basic Pathology Part 1 - PPT
By Prof. Dr. R. R. Deshpande
• This PPT is based on the – Syllabus of CCIM ( 2014) for 3rd BAMS of Rognidan .Points are from Paper 1 Part A ,Point III – Basic Pathology
• Contents of PPT are -- 1) Cell Injury & Cell death ,Necrosis 2) Oedema 3) Haemorrhage 4) Shock 5) Thrombosis 6) Embolism
• Visit – www.ayurvedicfriend.com
• Phone – 922 68 10 630
In Charaka explains Dashavidha Pariksha Bhavas and
while explaining the aspect of of Desha, Desha is divided into
Bhumi and Deha Desha,Under Deha Desha, Dasha Vidha Atura Pariksha are explained,Dashavidha pariksha is one of important daignostic tool explained in Ayurveda ,in the context of दशविध परीक्षा भािा’ s.
Medical Records is a foremost important in the healthcare accreditation bodies like JCI,NABH are very adherent about its documentation,retention and confidentiality.
Welcome introduction ppt for 2016 BAMS admission Students rajendra deshpande
Welcome to BAMS Course PPT -- By Prof. Dr. R. R. Deshpande
• This PPT – Based on the first lecture ( like an address ) of Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande to new admitted students in 2016 in Ayurved college ,Nigdi Pune ,India . Prof.Deshpande explains about God Dhanvantari ,God of Health .He explains about course BAMS ,Governing bodies ,Subjects of BAMS ,Staff of Ayurved college ,Syllabus Distribution of Kriya Sharir .He Gives Basic Information of Ayurved .He introduces himself .He gives his ATP ( Advance Teaching Programme) ,date wise Topics. Lastly he gives Time Table to students .
• Visit – www.ayurvedicfriend.com
• Phone – 922 68 10 630
Dravyaguna part 1 By Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande & Dr.Ila Bhorrajendra deshpande
This ppt is prepared & uploaded by Prof.dr.R.R.Deshpande & Dr.Ila Bhor .This ppt is very useful for Ayurvedic Students .This includes raw & wet Herbs with nice photos & information of their properties ,Uses & products.This ppt is a part of Pack of 7 PPTS .So viewers must also see Dravyaguna Part 1 to 7 .Please feel free to discuss any thing to us on 922 68 10 630 or 9423211003
Rog Nidan –Basic Pathology Part 1 - PPT
By Prof. Dr. R. R. Deshpande
• This PPT is based on the – Syllabus of CCIM ( 2014) for 3rd BAMS of Rognidan .Points are from Paper 1 Part A ,Point III – Basic Pathology
• Contents of PPT are -- 1) Cell Injury & Cell death ,Necrosis 2) Oedema 3) Haemorrhage 4) Shock 5) Thrombosis 6) Embolism
• Visit – www.ayurvedicfriend.com
• Phone – 922 68 10 630
In Charaka explains Dashavidha Pariksha Bhavas and
while explaining the aspect of of Desha, Desha is divided into
Bhumi and Deha Desha,Under Deha Desha, Dasha Vidha Atura Pariksha are explained,Dashavidha pariksha is one of important daignostic tool explained in Ayurveda ,in the context of दशविध परीक्षा भािा’ s.
The clinical establishments act was adopted in year 2012, still so many states are to implement this act. This act is equally applicable for all system of medicine including Ayurveda. Here are the standards for ayurveda clinics and hospital. Present presentation explain the standards for ayurvedic clinics and dispensaries only
BY
Prof. Dr. N. Satya Prasad, M.D., PGDHM
GOLD MEDALIST
Sr. Reader / Civil Surgeon
Post Graduate department of Kayachikitsa
Dr. B.R.K.R. Government Ayurvedic college
Hyderabad, A.P., India
Email: satyapnamburu@gmail.com
Much is being discussed about evidence based Ayurveda or Ayurveda doesn't has quality standards, neither has protocols or SOPs for drugs, treatment, hospitals and its procedural specialties like Panchkarma and Ksharsutra.
Now Department of ayush engaged quality council of India and NABH for voluntary certification of quality for- ASU products on the basis of third party evaluation. NABH- National accreditation board for health services laid down certain accreditation standards for Ayurveda Hospitals.
Fundamentals of Nasya Karma - By
Dr KSR Prasad in CME on Panchakarma for AYUSH Doctors
January 9th to 14th 2017 @ Alva’s Ayurveda Medical College, Moodbidri, Karnataka
Review of Nasya karma with definition, classification and advantages of Nasya by different acharyas
Knowledge of Anatomy of nose and para-nasal sinuses.
Pharmacological action of modern drugs administered through nose.
Standardization of the dose of various types of Nasyas.
Standardization of Bindu Pramana.
Update on Ayurveda & Unani - 2009 on 14-15th November 2009 in Bal Gandharv Rangmandir, Pune organised by Maharastra University of Health Sciences, Regional Centre, AUNDH, Pune
There are some basic laws which are to be followed by every profession. Most of the Ayurveda professional are not aware about these legal points. These includes- Conduct& Etiquette, ethics, advertisements, manufacturing of medicine for own patients, clinical registration act 2012, insurance and ayurveda, Bio-medical waste etc.
The clinical establishments act was adopted in year 2012, still so many states are to implement this act. This act is equally applicable for all system of medicine including Ayurveda. Here are the standards for ayurveda clinics and hospital. Present presentation explain the standards for ayurvedic clinics and dispensaries only
BY
Prof. Dr. N. Satya Prasad, M.D., PGDHM
GOLD MEDALIST
Sr. Reader / Civil Surgeon
Post Graduate department of Kayachikitsa
Dr. B.R.K.R. Government Ayurvedic college
Hyderabad, A.P., India
Email: satyapnamburu@gmail.com
Much is being discussed about evidence based Ayurveda or Ayurveda doesn't has quality standards, neither has protocols or SOPs for drugs, treatment, hospitals and its procedural specialties like Panchkarma and Ksharsutra.
Now Department of ayush engaged quality council of India and NABH for voluntary certification of quality for- ASU products on the basis of third party evaluation. NABH- National accreditation board for health services laid down certain accreditation standards for Ayurveda Hospitals.
Fundamentals of Nasya Karma - By
Dr KSR Prasad in CME on Panchakarma for AYUSH Doctors
January 9th to 14th 2017 @ Alva’s Ayurveda Medical College, Moodbidri, Karnataka
Review of Nasya karma with definition, classification and advantages of Nasya by different acharyas
Knowledge of Anatomy of nose and para-nasal sinuses.
Pharmacological action of modern drugs administered through nose.
Standardization of the dose of various types of Nasyas.
Standardization of Bindu Pramana.
Update on Ayurveda & Unani - 2009 on 14-15th November 2009 in Bal Gandharv Rangmandir, Pune organised by Maharastra University of Health Sciences, Regional Centre, AUNDH, Pune
There are some basic laws which are to be followed by every profession. Most of the Ayurveda professional are not aware about these legal points. These includes- Conduct& Etiquette, ethics, advertisements, manufacturing of medicine for own patients, clinical registration act 2012, insurance and ayurveda, Bio-medical waste etc.
Nursing informatics: background and applicationjhonee balmeo
Healthcare Information System (HIM)
Electronic Medical Record System (EMR)
Electronic Health Record System (EHR)
Historical Background (Nicholas E. Davis Awards of Excellence Program)
Practice Application (CCIS, ACIS, CHIS)
Hospital and Clinical Pharmacy | Hospital | D. Pharmacy Second YearSHIVANEE VYAS
HOSPITAL is an organization that provides a special facility and working for the care of patients through the physicians, surgeons, and team of technical staff. It also provides facilities for diagnosis, therapy, prevention, education, and research.
eHealth as a tool to support health practitioners November 2013Rajeev Rao Eashwari
“Telemedicine begins with a vision of connecting people to people, connecting resources to needs, and connecting healthcare problems to health care solutions”
Hospital management system is a computer system that helps manage the information related to health care and aids in the job completion of health care providers effectively.
Hospital Management System brings together all the information and processes of a hospital, in a single platform.
It presents you with a unified 360-degree view for managing patients, doctors, inventory, appointments, billing information, finances and much more.
The system automatically generates a highly-efficient process and makes it quick. Thereby, allowing hospitals to provide quality service in addition to professional medical care.
In a nutshell, Hospital Management System (HMS) creates a frictionless approach towards managing the entire hospital and solves all complexities in the process
VAYAH VARGEEKARANA
AGE CLASIFICATION OF CHILDHOOD
IT IS AN IMPORTANT POINT TO BE DISCUSSED IN AYURVEDA
BECOS THE DOSHA PREDOMINANCE CHANGES BASED ON AGE
AND AS WELL AS STRENGTH
THE WHOLE PPT DEALS WITH HOW THE DIFFERENT ACHARYAS CLASSIFEIED AGE IN AYURVEDA
AND IMPORTANCE OF ITS CLASSIFICATION
APPLIED ASPECTS OF AGE
KB Series
Kaumarabhritya Introduction
Kaumarabhritya is one among 8 branches.
Kayabalagraha urdhvanga shalya damshtra jara vrushaihi gatamashtangam gatam punyam bubudeyam pitamahaha||
In Rigveda and atahrvaveda , several references pertaining to branch of kaumarabhritya are met.
Simili / saying in ayurveda : ref : vajikarana
a person without progeny …………………..healthy progeny .
Paribhasha :
Vyutpatti :
kaumara + bhritya
ku + mara = prone to succumbs to even simpler looking diseases.
Bhritya : bhrin bharane dhathu [ suraksha , graham , vahana, dharana ]
Nirukti
kumarasya bharanamadhikrutya krutam kumarabhrityam || cha su 30/28
Dedicated to child health care
Pedaitrics :
It is the branch of modern medicine which deals with the health of infants , children, and adolescents and their growth and development , indirectly insuring their transformation into healthiest possible adulthood within their inherent genetic potential.
Definations of Kaumarabhritya
A/c to sushrutha :
kaumarabhrityam nama kumarabharana dhatri ksheeradosha samshodhanartham dushta stanya graha samuttanascha vyadheenam upashamanartham cha [ sus su 1/7]
Kumara bharana
Ksheera dosha shodhanakriya of dhatri/ mother
Tretament of dushta stanya disorders
Treatmentn of graha vyadhis
A/c to Hareeta :
garbhopakramavignanam sutikopakramasthatha balanam rogashamani kriya bala
chikitsitam|| [ H / S ½]
Proper ANC
PROPER PNC
Pediatrics: pedia + iatrike
It is the study of child from very conception through childhood,upto adolescence .
I,mportance of kaumarabritya
Kaumarabhrityamashtanam tantranaamadhyamuchyate
ayurvedasya mahato devanamiva havyapaha||
Anena hi samvarditamitare chikitsante | balasya hrudyamoushadhamanyate, pramanamanyam upakramo anye cha visheshaha||[ k s vi 2/10]
Agni [ supreme]
Aadyam [ first]
Hrudyam [ palatable]
Pramanam[ dose less]
Upakrama [ special/dfferent]
POST COVID MANAGEMENT –an ayurvedic approach by Dr soumya Patil.pptxDr Soumya Patil
POST COVID MANAGEMENT AN AYURVEDIC APPROACH
A COMPREHENSIVE INITIATIVE TO UNDERSYTAND THE PATHOLOGY OF COVID AND TRY TO BREAK ITS PATJHOLOGY THROUGH AYURVED AAND GOIVE SYMPTOMATIC RELIEF AS WELL AS HELP PPL IN REGAINING THE IMMUNITY AND STOPPING THE RECURRENCE OF COVID .
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES:
To Understand The Post COVID Symptoms And Their Management Through Ayurvedic Treatment Modalities.
INTRODUCTION:
COVID- 19, the recent virus outbreak declared as Pandemic by WHO threatened the world by its fast spreading nature and is yet creating an alarmed situation throughout the world by Post Covid Symptoms
A recent study on Post-COVID manifestation of symptoms showed that about 72 percent of participants had major complaints, only 10.8 percent of survivors assessed in the study had no symptoms or manifestations post COVID.
Depending on the Immunity of a person, COVID-19 can differ in its impact on different people.
Similarly, Post-COVID conditions, which has become a grave issue in recent times, have also taken a major toll on people's lives.
Post covid manifestations can be understood as Agnimandya avasta and Dhatukshaya avastha in individual .
Hence modalities like Agnivardhaka and Rasayana property medication can be choosen .
Rasayana therapy is the one which brings the normalcy in Immune system by improving fundamentals like dhatu, agni, srotas. And ultimately fights against Post Covid Symptoms.
DEFINATION OF POST COVID
A/C to NICE :
"Signs and symptoms that develop during or after an infection consistent with COVID‑19, continue for more than 12 weeks and are not explained by an alternative diagnosis. It usually presents with clusters of symptoms, often overlapping, which can fluctuate and change over time.
CONCLUSION:
Much about the aftermath of the illness remains unclear or unknown, and there is even uncertainty about the term "recover" in the coronavirus context
According to Ayurveda concepts, there will be Dhatu-Kshaya & AgnimandyaAvastha Post COVID infection.
Hence, Dhatuposhana and Rasayana sevana drugs for at-least 45 days and to combat the residual effects of the virus on the body and to combat toxicity produced from antiviral drug therapy.
Deepana Pachana drugs may be used in case of abdominal discomfort .
Depending upon individuals Agni status and availability of medicine following drugs may be prescribed.
Ayurveda has enormous potential and treatment options which are available for enhancing the immunity and systemic illness and positively influence mental health , thus helpful in combating Post covid symptoms .
Hence Ayurveda should be used as main treatment modality for Heath restoration and Prevention of recurrence, rather than a adjuvant therapy in treating post COVID symptoms .
Trividha chikitsa in manasa roga by Dr soumya patil.pptxDr Soumya Patil
TRIVIDHA CHIKITSA IN MANASA ROGA
A/ c WHO
Health is is defined as state of complete physical mental and social well-being and not merely an absence of disease or infirmity.
Ayurveda emphasizes its treatment in three aspects such as daivavyapashraya , yuktivyapashraya and satvavajaya
Ayush hospital standards (Clinical Establishment Act Standards for Hospital)
Intro:
The Clinical Establishments (Registration and Regulation) Act, 2010 has been enacted
by the Central Government to provide for registration and regulation of all clinical establishments in the country with a view to prescribe the minimum standards of facilities and services provided by them.
Personal health services –
Personal health services are the services provided by the hospitals, health centers, clinics. The care provided has been traditionally classified into –
1. Promotion of health
2. Prevention of disease
3. Early diagnosis & treatment
4. Rehabilitation
Requirements of 10 bedded hospital
Physical infrastructure –
Space requirement –
OPD – 100 Sq. ft
IPD – 500 Sq. ft
Human resource –
Doctor – 1
Pharmacist/nurse - 1
Attendant – 1
Multipurpose worker – 1
Equipments required –
OPD
Stethoscope – 1
B.P. apparatus – 1
Torch – 1
Thermometer – 1
Tongue depressor – 1
Weighing machine – 1
X – Ray view box – 1
Hammer – 1
General specifications for opd :
The basic infrastructure for an outpatient department for an Ayurvedic Hospital must have following sections –
1. Reception & waiting hall
2. Registration counter
3. OPD medical record room
4. Clinics / consultation room
5. Dressing room (mandatory for hospitals more than 50 beds)
6. Procedure room (mandatory for hospitals more than 50 beds)
7. Minor OT (optional but mandatory for hospitals more than 100 beds)
8. Dispensary (mandatory for hospitals more than 50 beds)
RECEPTION & WAITING AREA –
The space requirement for the reception & waiting area depends upon the hospital size. It is small for clinic with proper sitting arrangement of patients and attendants. It must be 50 Sq. ft. for every 10 beds.
For hospitals having more than 50 beds it must be situated at prominent place of entrance, good communicable. There must be a guide map for various OPD units along with the service unit display.
Waiting area:
Situated at main entrance at reception.
Subsidiary waiting area for the patients at each clinic, diagnostic & therapy rooms for hospitals having more than 5 OPDs.
Waiting area should be tiled floor with comfortable benches & chairs.
Waiting area can be used for health education.
Adequate toilet facilities as per the load of the patients.
Public telephone
Procedure Room - This is required in the hospitals having more than 100 bed strength where agnikarma, kshara karma like procedures can be performed for the OPD patients. However this requirement is applicable for those hospitals who entertains such OPD patients in good numbers. The area depends upon the numbers of procedures.
Minor OT – A minor OT is needed for the hospitals more than 50 beds and 400 – 500 outpatient where many minor OPD surgical procedures as well as Kshara sutra application can be performed. The minimum area required for the minor OT is 100 sq.ft.
Others – The hospitals having more than 100 b
CONTENTS
Introduction
NHM
NRHM
Components of NRHM
NUHM
Components of NRHM
Difference between NRHM and NUHM
Future goals
Conclusion
References
INTRO:
National Health Mission
Ministry of health and family welfare
NHM - approved in May 2013
Sub missions – NRHM & NUHM
It aims at improving and correcting the deficiencies in the health care delivery system with a focus on integrating all thee available healthcare facilities like Ayush along with ongoing vertical programme.
Main programmatic components
- RMNCH+A
- control of NCDs & Comm. d/s
NRHM:
Launched in 5th April 2005 for 7 years by GOI
Intended for 2005 - 2012
Recently extended to 2017
Operational in whole country & Special focus on 18 states
Correct the deficiencies of health system
The Mission adopts a synergistic approach by relating health to determinants of good health viz. segments of nutrition, sanitation, hygiene and safe drinking water.
Objective of the mission:
Reduction in child and maternal mortality.
Universal access to public health services.
Prevention and control of communicable and noncommunicable diseases, endemic diseases
Stabilization and demographic balance.
Revitalizeimunisation programme
Access to integrated phc.
Revitalize local local health tradition.(Ayush)
Promotion of healthy life style
COMPONENTS UNDER NRHM:
Comprehensive Primary Health Care (CPHC) through Ayushman Bharat Health and Wellness Centers (HWCs)
National Ambulance Services (NAS)
National Mobile Medical Units (NMMUs)
Free Drugs Service Initiative
Free Diagnostics Service Initiative
Community Participation
a)Accredited Social Health Workers (ASHA)
b)Rogi Kalyan Samiti (Patient Welfare Committee) / Hospital Management Society
c)VHSNCs
Mera Aspataal
Kayakalp
SUMAN (Surakshit Matritva Aashwasan)
Mission Indradhanush
TB Harega Desh Jeetega Campaign
Eat Right India Movement, with ‘Sahi Bhojan Behtar Jeevan’
AYUSHMAN BHARATH HWCS:
Ayushman Bharath is an attempt to move from a selectiv approach to health care to deliver range of services like preventive,promotive,curative,rehabilitative,and palliative care
It has 2 components
1) Health and wellness centre(HWCs) 1,50,000
2)Pradhan mantri jan Arogya yojan (PM-JAY)
Health insurance cover 5 lakh / year – 10 crore poor ppl
The first Health and Wellness Centre was inaugurated by Hon’ble Prime Minister on 14th April 2018 in Bijapur district of Chhattisgarh.
So far, 51,484 HWC are formed
Objectives:
upgrading the Sub Health Centers (SHCs) and Primary Health Centers (PHCs) in rural and urban area
provide Comprehensive Primary Health Care
common NCDs such as Hypertension, Diabetes and 3 common cancers of Oral, Breast and Cervix.
primary healthcare services for Mental health, ENT, Ophthalmology, Oral health, Geriatric and Palliative health care and Trauma care as well as Health promotion and wellness activities like Yoga.
Skin = integument
Skin+ accessory organs = integumentary system.
The integumentary system comprises the skin and its appendages acting to protect the body from various kinds of damage, such as loss of water or damages from outside.
It includes hair, glands and nails.
It has a variety of additional functions; it may serve to waterproof, and protect the deeper tissues, excrete wastes, and regulate body temperature, and is the attachment site for sensory receptors to detect pain, sensation, pressure, and temperature,vitamin D synthesis.
skin and its layuer
Epidermis
Dermis
Hypodermis ( subcutaneous layer)
Epidermis
Most superficial layer of the skin
Approx 10 to 30 cells thick ( epithelial)
Cell types
Keratinocytes -90%
Melanocytes
Merkel cells 10%
Langerhens
stratum basale
Stratum germinativum
Deepest epidermal layer
Attaches to basal lamina
Cells bond to dermis via collagen fibres
Finger like projection called dermal papillae in dermis
Helps in stronger connection
Cells- cuboidal shaped keratinocytes
Grows constantly ,mitosis
Pushed up old cells
Applied aspects
Cells – merkel cell – function as receptor- stimulating sensory nerve fibres
Found in hairless skin.
Abundant on surface of hand and feet.
Melanocytes- produces pigment melanin
- gives hair and skin its color
-protect from u rays
Note: skin color influenced by ,melanin and carotene – carrot, oxygenated haemoglobin
Fingerprints-epidermal ridges
Stratum spinosum
Spiny in appearance
Desmosomsis protruding cell
Interlock between cells
Composed of 8to 10 layers of keratinocytes
Applied aspects
Langerhans cell –as a macrophage by engulfing bacteria and foreign body and damaged cell.
Keratinocytes synthesise keratin and prevent water loss
Stratum granulosam
Has a grainy appearance
Cells become flattened,and cell membrane thicken, and generate large amount of protein keratin and keratohyalin
After cell dies , keratin ,keratohyalin and cell membrane forms stratum lucidum
And accessory structures of hair and nail
Stratum lucidum
Smooth translucent layer
It is found only in thick skin of palms ,soles,digits
Cells are densely packed with eleidin , a clear protein rich in lipids,
Transparent appearance
Stratum corneam
Most superficial layer of epidermis
The increased keratinization of cell
It has 15 to 30 layers of cells
Water is lost from skin in 2 ways
Insensible perspiration
water diffuses from stratum corneum and evaporates from skin
-500 ml per day
Sensible perspiration
Water excreted by sweat glands.
clinical application
Some medications are toxic if swallowed, but safe if used topically (applied to surface of skin)
• Certain topical antibiotics are fairly toxic if taken by mouth, butcan be applied to skin with minimal risk of systemic absorption;they are polar molecules that cannot pass through epidermis toreach blood vessels in dermis; allows for local effect only
• Nonpolar substances cross epidermis much more easily;provides a c
health campaigns of ayush .
The ministry of health, Government of India, central health council launch programs aimed at controlling or eradicating diseases which cause considerable morbidity and mortality in India.
Health campaign is a type of media campaign which attempts to promote public health by making new health interventions available
National health mission was launched nation wide on 12th April 2005 under the department of health and family welfare.
It aims at improving and correcting the deficiencies in the health care delivery system with a focus on integrating all the available healthcare facilities like ayush along with ongoing vertical programmes.Mainstreaming of Ayush
- co location services with allopathy
- appointment of Ayush doctors
Integrity of Ayush medicine.
- include Ayush medicine in Asha kit. Ex: punarnav mandoora
- supply of Ayush medicines at subcentres, phc/chc.
Need for educational research.
- drug standardization research
Public awareness
speciality clinics and therapy centres
Ayush camps.
Ayush doctor at PHC
- 2 doctor phc- 1 Ayush ,1 Allopathy
1. The AYUSH medicines are being distributed to the public in the Primary Health Center / Community Health Center / Taluk Public Hospital / District Public Hospital / Panchkarma Unit.
2. To raise awareness among the general public on the use of radio broadcasting and bus branding under the Education and Communication Program.
3. Conducting training programs for AYUSH doctors
Ayush programmes in diffrernt states.
Ayurved Gram – Chattisgarh and gujarath.
• School yoga, AYUSH School health –Orissa, Punjab.
• Dadi Maa ki Batua – Jammu & Kashmir
• Gyan ki Potli, AYUSH Call centre – Madhyapradesh
• AYUSH Call center, Suposhanam – Tripura
• AYUSH Epidemic cell – Tamilnadu, Kerala
• The IPHS prescribes setting up of a herbal garden in sub centre and PHC premise within the available space.
Jharkhand,Himachalpradesh, J&K and Orissa mentioned about utilization of AYUSH doctors in mobile medical unit.
Tamilnadu and Keral are using AYUSH services for the prevention and control of epidemics e.g. use of Homoeopathy for controlling Chikungunya outbreak.
RAECH (Rapid action epidemic cell of Homoeopathy) is a major AYUSH initiative highlighted in Kerala PIP (NRHM, 2008; NRHM, 2009 and NRHM, 2010)
AYUSH CAMPAIGNS
Specialty Clinics/Wards- Ksharasutra clinics for ano-rectal disorders and Panchakarma therapy for intensive and specialized treatment have been mentioned by half of the states in their PIP
(NRHM, 2008; NRHM, 2009 and NRHM, 2010).
Geriatric campaign
Antianemia campaign
Ksharasutra campaign.
Ayush nutrition programme
Ayush for immunity campaign
Poshan abhiyan
Fit india campgaign
International yoga campaign
Ayush school programme
Svasthya rakshan
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
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Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
2. Contents
• Introduction
• Strategic initiatives for Hospitals
• Infrastructure of Hospital
• Health Information technology
• HIT functional units
• Benefits of HIT
• Essential manpower
• Medical equipments for Hospitals
• Patient Care
3. INTRODUCTION
• From its gradual evolution through the 18th &n19th
centuries the hospital has come of age only recently during
the past 50 years
• A hospital is an integral part of a social and medical
organization, the function of which to provide for the
complete health care, both curative and preventive and
whose outpatient services reach out to the family and its
home environment; the hospital is also a center for training
of health workers and biosocial research.
• Hospital management is the field relating to leadership,
management and administration of public health systems,
health care systems, Hospitals and hospital networks in all
the primary, secondary and tertiary sectors.
4. CEA
• The Clinical Establishments (Registration and
Regulation) Act, 2010 has been enacted
by the Central Government to provide for
registration and regulation of all clinical
establishments in the country with a view to
prescribe the minimum standards of facilities and
services provided by them.
• The minimum standards for Allopathic hospitals
Under Clinical Establishment Act, 2010 are
developed on the basis of level of care provided,
as defined below
5. Hospital Level 1 (A)
• General Medical services with indoor
admission facility provided by recognised
allopathic medical graduate(s) and may also
include general dentistry services provided by
recognized BDS graduates.
• Example: PHC, Government and Private
Hospitals and Nursing Homes run by MBBS
Doctors etc.
6. Strategic initiatives for Hospitals
• Improve the patient experience.
• Measure and report quality performance.
• Adopt to new payment models.
• Address the possible impact of health
insurance exchanges.
7. Cont…
• Work on an approach to population health
management.
• Focus on clinical integration
• Explore new physician alignment strategies.
• Respond to an aging population.
8. Strategies
some of the strategic issues that must be
considered are –
• Regionalization
• Pre- planning consideration
• Need assessment
• Plot ratio
• Design for flexibility and expandability
• Fulfill the demand functions
• Emphasize on patient focused hospital
• Focus on energy conservation
9. • Intelligent buildings
• Create a healing architecture
• Aesthetic – an essential requisite
• Hospital architecture
• Go green
10. Principles of hospital planning
• Protection from unwanted and unnecessary disturbances in
order to help speedy recovery
• Separation of dissimilar activities
• Control – the nurses station should be positioned strategically
to enable proper monitoring of visitors entering and leaving
the ward, infants and children should be protected from theft
and infection etc.
• Circulation- all the departments of a hospital must be
properly integrated.
(“separate all departments, yet keep them all together;
separate types of traffic, yet save steps for everybody; that is
all there is to hospital planning “– Emerson Goble)
11. INFRASTRUCTURE REQUIREMENTS
Sl no ward area
1 Ward bed and surrounding space 6sqm/ bed;
Desirable: in addition circulation
space of 30% as indicated in
total area shall be provided for
Nursing
station, Ward store, Sanitary etc
2 OT for minor procedures (where
applicable)
10.5sqm(Desirable)
3 Labour Table and surrounding space 10.5 sqm/ labour table
4 Other areas- nursing station, doctors’ duty
room, store, Clean and dirty utility,
Circulating area, Toilets
10.5 sqm for clean utility and
store and 7 sqm for dirty utility
and 3.5 sqm for toilet
12. Wards
• The ward shall also have designated areas for nursing station,
doctors’ duty room, store, clean and dirty utility, janitor room,
toilets and this shall be provided from circulation area.
• For a general ward of 12 beds, a minimum of 1working counter and
1 hand wash basin shall be provided.
• Distance between beds shall be 1.0 metres(Desirable).
• Space at the head end of bed shall be 0.25 metres.
• Door width shall be 1.2 metres(Desirable) and corridor width 2.5
metres(Desirable).
13. Bed planning
Bed: Population = A x S x 100
365 x PO
A= number of inpatient admissions/1000
population/year
S= average length of stay
PO= percentage occupancy
14. Health information technology
• Health Information Technology uses computers and
computer programs to store, protect, retrieve, and transfer
clinical, administrative ,and financial information
electronically.
• New ways for providers and their patients to readily access
and use health information.
• IT (Information technology) allows health care providers to
collect, store, retrieve and transfer information
electronically
• Health Information Technology (HIT) has the potential to
improve the health of individuals and the performance of
providers, yielding improved quality, cost savings of
patients in their own health care.
16. IT APPLICATIONS IN HEALTH CARE
•ELECTRONIC MEDICAL RECORDS
•HOSPITAL INFORMATION SYSTEM
•INTRANETS
•PUBLIC NETWORKS
•HEALTH DECISION SUPPORT
•EXPERT SYSTEMS
•TELEMEDICINE
•COMMUNITY HEALTH
•INFORMATION SYSTEM
17. Electronic medical records
ELECTRONIC MEDICAL RECORDS (EMR)
The IOM 2003 Patient Safety Report describes an EMR as
1. A longitudinal collection of electronic health
information for and about persons,
2. Immediate electronic access to person- and
population-level information by authorized users,
3 Provision of knowledge and decision-support systems
that enhance the quality, safety, and efficiency of patient
care,
4. Support for efficient processes for health care delivery.
18. Electronic health records
EHR (Electronic Health Record) is term applied to electronic patient care
systems
Primary uses
• Patient care delivery
• Patient care management
• Patient care support processes
• Financial and other administrative
• processes
• Patient self-management
• Secondary uses
• Education
• Regulation
• Research
• Public Health and Homeland Security
• Policy Support
19. H.I.T. functional Units.
• Computer Services.
• Project Management Team
• Information Technology Application support
and training Department.
• Web services.
20. Benefits of H.I.T
• Patient Monitoring: With the help of a
Computerized system. We can react much
more quickly and Accurately.
• Reduction of errors in the patient care.
• Assisting the physicians in medical diagnosis.
21. Cont…
• Digitalized reception counters.
• Laboratory.
• Radiology Department.
• Well developed OPDs.
• Pharmacy
• Billing Counter
• Special and General wards
• Nursing Chamber and Doctors rooms.
22. Essential manpower
• Health manpower means people who are trained
to promote health, to prevent and cure disease
and to rehabilitate the sick.
• Health manpower includes:
• Those health workers who are already working in
the field of health services.
• Prospective health workers, i.e., those who are
receiving education and training that will prepare
them for employment in the health sector
23. Human resource
1. Doctor Qualified doctor shall be available round the clock on
site(Desirable for 1A). Level 1A shall have a MBBS
qualified doctor. (Qualified doctor is a MBBS
approved as per state government rules &
regulations as applicable from time to time).
Level 1B shall have MBBS doctor with
required post-graduation qualification.
2. Nurses Qualified nurses per unit per shift shall be available as
per requirement laid down by “The Indian Nursing
Council, 1985”, occupancy rate and distribution of
bed.(Desirable)
3. Pharmacist (If in house
pharmacy available)
1 in a hospital
4. Lab Technician (if in house
laboratory service available)
1 in a hospital (minimum DMLT) BSc, MSc
,MLT(Desirable)
5. X-ray Technician (if in house
X-ray facility available)
1 in a hospital (minimum Diploma in X Ray
Technician course)
6. Multi Task staff Minimum 1
25. ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF
Sl. No. S
T
A
F
F
31-50 Bedded Sub-
district
Hospital
51-100 Bedded Sub-
district
Hospital
1 Junior Administrative
Officer/Office
Superintendent
1 1
2 Accountant 2 2
3 Computer operator 4 6
4 Driver 1 2
5 Peon 2 2
6 Security Staff* 2 2
Total 12 15
26. MAN POWER BLOOD STORAGE UNIT
Sl. No. Item 31-50 Bedded Sub-
district Hospital
51-100 Bedded
Sub-district
Hospital
1 Staff Nurse 1 1
2 Attendant 1 2
3 Blood Bank/Storage
Technician
1 3
4 Safai Karamchari 1 2
27. Medical Equipments for Hospital
• Examination Table
• Writing tables
• Chairs
• Almirah
• Waiting Benches
• Medical/Surgical Beds
• Labour Table- if applicable
• Wheel Chair/Stretcher
• Medicine Trolley,
Instrument Trolley
• Screens/curtains
• Foot Step
• Bed Side Table
• Baby Cot- if applicable
• Stool
• Medicine Chest
• Examination Lamp
• View box
• Fans
• Tube Light/ lighting fixtures
• Wash Basin
• IV Stand
• Colour coded bins for BMW
28. Emergency equipment
S. No. Name of Emergency Equipment
1 Resuscitation equipment including Laryngoscope, endotracheal tubes, suction equipment,
xylocaine spray, oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal airways, Ambu Bag- Adult &Paediatric
(neonatal if indicated)
2 Oxygen cylinders with flow meter/ tubing/catheter/face mask/nasal prongs
3 Suction Apparatus
4 Defibrillator with accessories (Desirable)
5 Equipment for dressing/bandaging/suturing
6 Basic diagnostic equipment- Non mercury Blood Pressure Apparatus,
Stethoscope, weighing machine, thermometer (Non mercury)
7 ECG Machine
8 Pulse Oximeter (Desirable)
9 Nebulizer with accessories
29. Patient Care
• Respect for patients values, preferences and
expressed needs : Should treat patients with
dignity, respect and sensitivity to his/her
cultural values and autonomy.
• Coordination and integration of care: Should
be proper coordination of clinical care and
coordination of front – line patient care.
30. Cont…
• Information and Education: Should educate
the patient regarding suffering disease and
Give information about the medical
procedures.
• Physical Comfort: Pain management in
treatment aspect, Hospital surroundings and
environment. These two points have major role
in patient caring.