Hiv aids presentation
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The presentation provides an overview of HIV/AIDS. It defines HIV as the virus that causes AIDS and explains that not all those living with HIV have AIDS. It then discusses HIV/AIDS as a pandemic disease and how HIV affects the immune system. The presentation covers the stages of HIV infection, modes of transmission, risk groups, diagnosis, clinical symptoms, treatment options including HAART, and concludes with references.
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Hiv aids presentation
- 1. PRINCEFIELD UNIVERSITY COLLEGE Lecturer: Sir Reginald EPIDEMIOLOGY PRESENTATION BY MR. AGBAGBA CEPHAS AND MISS. VERA TETTEH
- 3. What Is HIV/ AIDS HIV HIV stands for: Human Immunodeficiency Virus HIV is the virus that causes the condition of AIDS, but not everyone who is living with HIV has AIDS, or will ever have AIDS. AIDS AIDS stands for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome “AIDS” refers to the weakened state of the body’s immune system. 11/13/2016 3
- 4. HIV/AIDS AS A PANDEMIC DISEASE as 11/13/2016 4
- 5. How Does HIV Affect a Person’s Body Your immune system is your body's defense system. HIV infects the same immune system cells (CD4 cells, or “Tcells”) that usually protect us from germs and illness. 11/13/2016 5
- 6. There are three stages of HIV infection: Acute HIV Infection- period that lasts for 2-4 weeks. Chronic HIV Infection- Prodomal stage and without treatment with HIV medicines, usually advances to AIDS. AIDS- immune system breaks down and opportunistic infections are present. The incubation period ranges from a few months to ten years or more based on the individual and medication intake. 11/13/2016 6
- 7. MODE OF TRANSMISSION To become infected with HIV, infected blood, Semen, vaginal secretions must enter your body. 11/13/2016 7
- 8. RISK GROUP Anyone of any age, race, sex or sexual orientation can be infected, but you're at greatest risk of HIV/AIDS if you: Have unprotected sex. Unprotected sex means having sex without using a new latex or polyurethane condom every time. ... Have another STI. ... Use intravenous drugs. ... Are an uncircumcised man. 11/13/2016 8
- 9. HOW IS HIV/AIDS DIAGNOSED. If you’ve acquired HIV, your immune system will make antibodies against the virus The most common HIV tests look for these antibodies in your blood, urine, or oral fluid (not your saliva) A test will be able to detect these antibodies after 3-6 months The period between HIV acquisition and your body’s production of antibodies is called the “window period” A negative HIV test after the window period means you do not have HIV from activities conducted before the window period. 11/13/2016 9
- 10. CLINICAL SYMPTOMS Break down of immune system makes an AIDS patient vulnerable to all diseases. 11/13/2016 10
- 11. IS THERE A TREATMENT FOR HIV/AIDS There's NO vaccine to prevent HIV infection and no cure for AIDS. But it's possible to protect yourself and others from infection. That means educating yourself about HIV and avoiding any behavior that allows HIV-infected fluids — blood, semen, vaginal secretions and breast milk — into your body. 11/13/2016 11
- 12. HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY (HAART) Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is the combination of several antiretroviral medicines used to slow the rate at which HIV makes copies of itself (multiplies) in the body. A combination of three or more antiretroviral medicines is more effective than using just one medicine (monotherapy) to treat HIV. The World Health Organization (WHO) has recommended a combination of antiretroviral drugs for people starting HIV treatment: TDF (tenofovir) either 3TC (lamivudine) or FTC (emtricitabine) and EFV (efavirenz). 11/13/2016 12
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- 16. REFERENCES Mayo clinic staff (2015). Disease and conditions (HIV/AIDS). www.mayoclinic.org/disease-conditions/hiv-aids/basics. 8th October,2016 What is HIV/AIDS. www.thewellproject.org. 8th October,2016 Living with HIV/AIDS. www.avert.com/livingwithhiv/treatment/startingtreatment 8th October,2016 2014. Sumary of the 2013 HIV sentinel survey report. www.ghanaids.gov.gh/factsheet UNAIDS fact sheets. http://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/media_asset/UNAIDS_FactSheet_en.pdf 11/13/2016 16
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Editor's Notes
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- • Someone has AIDS if (s)he is living with HIV and has: – At least one “AIDS-defining condition” (from a list of OIs, cancers, conditions whose presence shows the immune system has become weakened) and/or – A CD4 cell count of 200 cells or fewer (normal CD4 count =500 -1,500) • You do not have AIDS upon acquiring HIV • Individuals can live with HIV for many years with no signs of disease, or only mild-to-moderate symptoms •In most people, without treatment, HIV will eventually wear down the immune system to the point that CD4 cells fall and OIsdevelop – At that point, they are considered to have AIDS – They can still get on treatment and improve their health and lower risk of illness • People who have HIV and are on treatment have very low risk of progressing to AIDS • Some people may already fit an AIDS diagnosis when they find out they have HIV –they may or may not feel sick
- Without medication to control the virus, in most cases, HIV eventually takes over CD4 cells, turning them into factories that produce thousands of HIV copies – As the virus makes copies, it damages or kills the CD4 cells, weakening the immune system’s ability to protect the body –
- Acute HIV Infection Acute HIV infection is the earliest stage of HIV infection, and it generally develops within 2 to 4 weeks after a person is infected with HIV. During this time, some people have flu-like symptoms, such as fever, headache, and rash. In the acute stage of infection, HIV multiplies rapidly and spreads throughout the body. The virus attacks and destroys the infection-fighting CD4 cells of the immune system. HIV can be transmitted during any stage of infection, but the risk is greatest during acute HIV infection. Chronic HIV Infection The second stage of HIV infection is chronic HIV infection (also called asymptomatic HIV infection or clinical latency). During this stage of the disease, HIV continues to multiply in the body but at very low levels. People with chronic HIV infection may not have any HIV-related symptoms, but they can still spread HIV to others. Without treatment with HIV medicines, chronic HIV infection usually advances to AIDS in 10 years or longer, though it may take less time for some people. AIDS AIDS is the final stage of HIV infection. Because HIV has severely damaged the immune system, the body can’t fight off opportunistic infections. (Opportunistic infections are infections and infection-related cancers that occur more frequently or are more severe in people with weakened immune systems than in people with healthy immune systems.) People with HIV are diagnosed with AIDS when they have a CD4 count of less than 200 cells/mm3, they have one or more opportunistic infections, or both. Without treatment, people with AIDS typically survive about 3 years.
- By having sex. You may become infected if you have vaginal, anal or oral sex with an infected partner whose blood, semen or vaginal secretions enter your body. The virus can enter your body through mouth sores or small tears that sometimes develop in the rectum or vagina during sexual activity. From blood transfusions. In some cases, the virus may be transmitted through blood transfusions. American hospitals and blood banks now screen the blood supply for HIV antibodies, so this risk is very small. By sharing needles. HIV can be transmitted through needles and syringes contaminated with infected blood. Sharing intravenous drug paraphernalia puts you at high risk of HIV and other infectious diseases, such as hepatitis. During pregnancy or delivery or through breast-feeding. Infected mothers can infect their babies. But by receiving treatment for HIV infection during pregnancy, mothers significantly lower the risk to their babies.
- The window period is time between potential exposure to HIV infection and the point when the test will give an accurate result. During the window period a person can be infected with HIV and be very infectious but still test HIV negative. The window period for a 4th generation antigen/antibody test is four weeks.
- There is no cure for HIV infection, but HIV medicines (called antiretrovirals or ARVs) can prevent HIV from advancing to AIDS. HIV medicines help people with HIV live longer, healthier lives. HIV medicines also reduce the risk of HIV transmission.