its a brief discription of the harmful desease known as AIDS

1. Acquired immune deficiency syndrome

4.  The human immunodeficiency virus is a lentivirus
that causes HIV infection and over time acquired
immunodeficiency syndrome

6.  Acquired immune deficiency syndrome
 A disease in which there is a severe loss of
the body's cellular immunity, greatly lowering
the resistance to infection and malignancy.
And is caused by HIV virus
 Cellular immunity is the defense system of
human body in which WBCs are involved

7.  Immunodeficiency disorders prevent your
body from fighting infections and diseases.
This type of disorder makes it easier for you
to catch viruses and bacterial infections.
 Types
 Congenital
 This is a type that you were born with it is also called
primary immune deficiency.
 Acquired
 That we get from someone else in later on life.

8.  White blood cells (WBCs), also called
leukocytes or leucocytes, are the cells of the
immune system that are involved in
protecting the body against both infectious
disease and foreign invaders.
 Types
 Neutrophil
 Basophil
 Eosinophil
 Monocytes
 Lymphocytes

10.  CD4 cells are a type of lymphocyte (white
blood cell). They are an important part of
the immune system. CD4 cells are sometimes
called T-cells. There are two main types of
T-cells.
 The CD4 cell count in healthy individuals
ranges from 500 to 1,600 cells per cubic
millimeter of blood (cells/mm3).

12.  A syndrome is a set of medical signs and
symptoms that are not correlated with each
other and, often, with a particular disease or
disorder.

14.  A disease caused by HIV (human immunodeficiency
virus) that involve damage of immune system
of infected person.
 AIDS is the chronic form of HIV infection in
which immune system is damaged very badly.

15.  HIV infection is the initial stage of immune
deficiency in that cause damage of CD4 cells.
 HIV infection cause decrease in number of
CD4 cells in blood
 so simply a decrease in number of CD4 cells
is called HIV infection

16.  AIDS is the 3rd stage of HIV infection
 HIV is called AIDS when got severe and
chronic
 When number of CD4 cells decrease to 200
cells/mm3

18.  unprotected sexual contact,
 using contaminated needles,
 mother-to-child transmission,
 having a large number of sexual partners,
 a history of sexually transmitted disease
 receipt of blood transfusions

19.  blotches under the skin or in the mouth and nose
 blurred vision
 chronic diarrhea
 continuous swelling of the lymph glands
 extreme fatigue
 fever that keeps returning
 neurological issues including memory loss
 pneumonia
 rapid weight loss
 sores in the mouth, anus, or genitals

26.  ELISA Test — ELISA, which stands for
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, is used
to detect HIV infection. If an ELISA test is
positive, the Western blot test is usually
administered to confirm the diagnosis. If an
ELISA test is negative, but you think you may
have HIV, you should be tested again in one
to three months

28.  Saliva Tests — A cotton pad is used to obtain
saliva from the inside of your cheek. The pad
is placed in a vial and submitted to a
laboratory for testing. Results are available
in three days. Positive results should be
confirmed with a blood test.

30.  Viral Load Test — This test measures the
amount of HIV in your blood. Generally, it's
used to monitor treatment progress or detect
early HIV infection. Three technologies
measure HIV viral load in the blood — reverse
transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-
PCR), branched DNA (bDNA) and nucleic acid
sequence-based amplification assay (NASBA).
The basic principles of these tests are
similar. HIV is detected using DNA sequences
that bind specifically to those in the virus. It
is important to note that results may vary
between tests

32.  Western Blot — This is a very sensitive blood
test used to confirm a positive ELISA test
result

34.  Home Tests — The only home test approved
by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration is
called the Home Access Express Test, which
is sold in pharmacies

36.  The series of steps that HIV follows to
multiply in the body. The process begins
when HIV encounters a CD4 cell. The seven
steps in the HIV life cycle are:
 1) binding;
 2) fusion;
 3) reverse transcription;
 4) integration;
 5) replication;
 6) assembly;
 7) budding.

39.  Because there is no cure or vaccine to
prevent HIV, the only way people can prevent
infection from the virus is to avoid high-risk
behaviors putting them at risk of infection,
such as having unprotected sex or sharing
needles.
 NIAID urges everyone ages 13 to 64 to get
tested for HIV as part of their routine health
care. Catching HIV in its early stages can
make a lifesaving difference.

40.  Inhibitors are used at different stages of life
cycle of HIV which are as follows…………

41.  Maraviroc

42.  They are of two types
 Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
(NRTIs)
 Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
(NNRTIs)

43.  lamivudine, 3TC
 emtricitabine, FTC
 tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, TDF

44.  lamivudine, 3TC

45.  emtricitabine, FTC

46.  tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, TDF

47.  rilpivirine

48.  etravirine

49.  enfuvirtide, T-20

50.  sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim

51.  voriconazole

52.  International AIDS Society
 Founded in 1988, (IAS) is the world’s largest
association of HIV professionals, with members
from more than 180 countries working on all
fronts of the global AIDS response.

53.  Kaiser Family Foundation
 The is a non-profit organization focusing on
national health issues, as well as the U.S. role in
global health policy. Unlike grant-making
foundations, Kaiser develops and runs its own
policy analysis, journalism, and communications
programs,

54.  UNAIDS
 The (UNAIDS) leads and inspires the world to
achieve its shared vision of zero new HIV
infections, zero discrimination and zero AIDS-
related deaths. UNAIDS unites the efforts of 11
UN organizations—UNHCR, UNICEF, WFP, UNDP,
UNFPA, UNODC, UN Women, ILO, UNESCO, WHO
and the World Bank—and works closely with
global and national partners towards ending the
AIDS epidemic by 2030 as part of the Sustainable
Development Goals.

56.  Total 39.4M people are suffering from AIDS
around the world.
 Percentage of AIDS by region