The Gupta Dynasty reunified much of northern India between 375-550 CE under a strong central government. Key rulers like Chandragupta I and Samudragupta expanded the territory through alliances and conquest. The Gupta Empire experienced a golden age of peace and prosperity, with advances in art, science, and mathematics. However, later extravagant Gupta rulers and invasions by the White Huns weakened the empire, leading it to break into independent kingdoms again.

15. the Sarnath Buddha