The document summarizes several historical dynasties that ruled the Gandhara civilization region, including the Mauryan Empire from 322-185 BC with important rulers Chandragupta Maurya and Ashoka; the Indo-Greek Kingdom from 180 BC to 10 AD; the Kushan Empire from the 1st to 3rd century CE under Kanishka; the Hindu-Shahi kingdom from the 7th to 11th century CE under Jayapala; and the Ghaznavid Empire from 977-1186 CE known for military campaigns under Mahmud of Ghazni.

1. Presented By: Fatima Babar
Assigned By : Sir Hamid Gadhi
Roll Number : 2K22/PHY/34
Topic : Historical Dynasties Of Gandhara
Civilization

3.  The word Gandhara is the amalgamation of two
words Gand+Hara. Gand which means fragrance
and Hara which means land hence the simplest
definition is “ the land of fragrance”.

5.  Dynasty: Mauryan Empire
 Founder: Chandragupta Maurya
 Ruled From 322 B.C.-185 B.C.
 Capital: Pataliputra
 Important Religion: Buddhism, Jainism and Hinduism
 Important Rulers: Chandragupta Maurya (322-297 BC)
Bindusara (297-272 BC)
Ashoka (268-232 BC)

6.  One of the most important and significant
dynasties that existed before Christ is the Mauryan
Empire.
 The last Nanda ruler Dhana Nanda was arrogant
and unpopular due to his strict tax rules.
Chandragupta Maurya with the help of Chanakya
defeated the Nanda Dynasty and founded the
Mauryan Empire in 322 BC.
 The empire ruled most of ancient India from 322 BC
to 185 BC. The capital of the Mauryan Empire was
the Pataliputra (now Patna) in India.

7.  Dynasty: Indo-Greek Kingdom
 Founder: Greco-Bactrian king named Demetrius I of Bactria,
 Ruled From: 180 BCE to 10 CE.
 Capital: Pushkalavati
 Important Religion: Buddhism, Hinduism, Jainism, and
Zoroastrianism
 Important Rulers: Demetrius I
Menander I
Antimachus II
Eucratides I
Apollodotus I

8.  The Indo-Greek Kingdom was a Hellenistic state
located in modern-day Afghanistan, Pakistan, and
northwest India, founded by the Greek general
Seleucus I Nicator in the aftermath of Alexander the
great's campaigns in the region, and was ruled by a
succession of Greek-speaking kings .The kingdom
played an important role in the spread of Buddhism
in India
 The Indo-Greek Kingdom declined in the 1st
century AD, due to internal conflicts and external
pressures from the expanding Kushan Empire.

11.  Dynasty: Kushan Empire
 Founder: : Kujala Kadphises
 Ruled From: 1st to 3rd century CE
 Capital: Purushapura (now Peshawar)
 Important Religion: Buddhism, Hinduism, Nestorian Christianity
and Zoroastrianism
 Important Rulers:
 Kujula Kadphises,
 Vima Takto
 Kanishka
 Huvishka
 Vasudeva I
 Kanishka II
 Vasudeva II

12.  The Kushan Empire was a powerful state that existed
from the 1st to the 3rd century CE. The Kushans were a
multiethnic people who spoke Bactrian, an Iranian
language, and they were known for their tolerance and
support of various religions
 The Kushan Empire was known for its cultural, religious,
and linguistic diversity, with people of different
ethnicities, languages, and religions coexisting within its
borders.
 The Kushan Empire reached its peak of power and
influence. Kanishka was a patron of Buddhism and
sponsored the construction of several Buddhist
monasteries and stupas.

13. The first king to call himself "Kushan"
Greek alphabet (narrow columns) with Kushan script

14.  Dynasty: Hindu-Shahi kingdom
 Founder: Quli Qutb Shah
 Ruled from: Mid-7th century until the early 11th century
 Capital: Hund
 Important Religion: Hinduism
 Important Rulers:
 Kallar
 Jayapala
 Anandapala
 Trilochanapala
 Bhimapala

15.  The Hindu Shahi kingdom, also known as the Kabul
Shahi dynasty, was a Hindu dynasty.
 The Hindu Shahi dynasty reached its zenith during
the reign of Jayapala (964-1001 CE) who extended
the kingdom's territory to include parts of Punjab,
Kashmir, and the Gangetic plains. However, the
dynasty began to decline after Jayapala's defeat by
Mahmud of Ghazni in 1001 CE. The Ghaznavids
gradually conquered the Hindu Shahi territories,
with the last Hindu Shahi king being defeated in
1026 CE.

18.  Dynasty: Ghaznavid Empire
 Founder: Alptigin
 Ruled From: (977–1186 ce )
 Capital: Ghazni,(Afghanistan)
 Important Religion: Islam,Buddhism, Hinduism
 Important Rulers:
 Alptigin
 Mahmud of Ghazni
 Mas'ud I of Ghazni
 Muhammad of Ghazni
 Bahram Shah

19.  The Ghaznavid Empire was known for its military
prowess and expansionist policies, particularly
under the rule of Mahmud of Ghazni, who
launched numerous campaigns of conquest and
plunder in India.
 Despite being a Muslim state, the Ghaznavid
Empire was known for its patronage of Persian
literature and culture, which helped to shape the
development of Islamic civilization.
 The Ghaznavid Empire declined in the 12th century
due to internal political and economic
instability,then conquered by the Ghurids.