Plant tissue culture is a collection of techniques used to maintain or grow plant cells, tissues or organs under sterile conditions on a nutrient culture medium of known composition.
A presentation covering the process of protoplast culture including protoplast isolation, protoplast fusion, culture of protoplast, its application, factors affecting protoplast culture and the future of protoplasts.
Callus cultures are initiated from a small part of an organ or tissue segment called the explants on a growth supporting solidified nutrient medium under sterile conditions. Any part of the plant organ or tissues may be used as the explants.Plant tissue culture is a collection of techniques used to maintain or grow plant cells, tissues or organs under sterile conditions on a nutrient culture medium of known composition. Plant tissue culture is widely used to produce clones of a plant in a method known as micropropagation.Tissue culture commonly refers to the culture of animal cells and tissues, with the more specific term plant tissue culture being used for plants.Plant Tissue Culture products include Murashige and Skoog media, plant growth regulators, plant growth hormones, plant transformation systems,
Organogenesis, in plant tissue cultureKAUSHAL SAHU
Introduction
Definition
Types of organogenesis
Organogenesis through callus formation (indirect organogenesis)
Growth regulators for indirect organogenesis
Organogenesis through adventitious organ (direct organogenesis)
Growth regulators for direct organogenesis
Factor affecting the soot bud differentiation
Organogenic differentiation
Application of organogenesis
Conclusion
References
Haploid culture are known to be culture the anther/pollen and ovary/ovule of plants.
Make sporophyte with the help of gametophyte.
One set of chromosome
Recessive mutation is easily detectable
APPLICATIONS OF PLANT TISSUE CULTURE SMGsajigeorge64
A brief account of Applications of Plant tissue culture - Micropropagation, Meristem culture, Synthetic seeds, Embryo culture, In vitro mutagenesis, In vitro production of secondary metabolites
Some of the landmark discoveries are tabulated below: 1902 Haberlandt proposed concept of in vitro cell culture 1966 Guha and Maheshwari produced first haploid plants from pollen grains of Datura
1904 Hannig cultured embryos from several cruciferous species 1970 Smith and Nathans discovered first restriction enzyme from Haemophilus influenza (HindIII)
1922 Kolte and Robbins successfully cultured root and stem tips respectively 1970 Baltimore isolated Reverse transcriptase from RNA tumour virus
two dimensional gel electrophoresis system
A presentation covering the process of protoplast culture including protoplast isolation, protoplast fusion, culture of protoplast, its application, factors affecting protoplast culture and the future of protoplasts.
Callus cultures are initiated from a small part of an organ or tissue segment called the explants on a growth supporting solidified nutrient medium under sterile conditions. Any part of the plant organ or tissues may be used as the explants.Plant tissue culture is a collection of techniques used to maintain or grow plant cells, tissues or organs under sterile conditions on a nutrient culture medium of known composition. Plant tissue culture is widely used to produce clones of a plant in a method known as micropropagation.Tissue culture commonly refers to the culture of animal cells and tissues, with the more specific term plant tissue culture being used for plants.Plant Tissue Culture products include Murashige and Skoog media, plant growth regulators, plant growth hormones, plant transformation systems,
Organogenesis, in plant tissue cultureKAUSHAL SAHU
Introduction
Definition
Types of organogenesis
Organogenesis through callus formation (indirect organogenesis)
Growth regulators for indirect organogenesis
Organogenesis through adventitious organ (direct organogenesis)
Growth regulators for direct organogenesis
Factor affecting the soot bud differentiation
Organogenic differentiation
Application of organogenesis
Conclusion
References
Haploid culture are known to be culture the anther/pollen and ovary/ovule of plants.
Make sporophyte with the help of gametophyte.
One set of chromosome
Recessive mutation is easily detectable
APPLICATIONS OF PLANT TISSUE CULTURE SMGsajigeorge64
A brief account of Applications of Plant tissue culture - Micropropagation, Meristem culture, Synthetic seeds, Embryo culture, In vitro mutagenesis, In vitro production of secondary metabolites
Some of the landmark discoveries are tabulated below: 1902 Haberlandt proposed concept of in vitro cell culture 1966 Guha and Maheshwari produced first haploid plants from pollen grains of Datura
1904 Hannig cultured embryos from several cruciferous species 1970 Smith and Nathans discovered first restriction enzyme from Haemophilus influenza (HindIII)
1922 Kolte and Robbins successfully cultured root and stem tips respectively 1970 Baltimore isolated Reverse transcriptase from RNA tumour virus
two dimensional gel electrophoresis system
Micropropagation and commercial exploitation in horticulture cropsDheeraj Sharma
Micro-propagation – principles and concepts, commercial exploitation in horticultural crops. Techniques - in vitro clonal propagation, direct organogenesis, embryogenesis, micrografting, meristem culture. Hardening, packing and transport of micro-propagules.
Plant biotechnology also known as green biotechnology is the use of biotechnology in plant or crop production. There are several techniques used such as ell culturing. Organ culture, explant culture, cell suspension culture are some culture types. This is a very useful technology in which have several applications like synthetic seed production, somaclonal variation, cybridization, hybridization.
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2. Plant Tissue Culture
• Plant tissue culture is a collection of techniques
used to maintain or grow plant cells, tissues or
organs under sterile conditions on a nutrient
culture medium of known composition.
• Plant tissue culture depends on the ability of plant
tissue to give rise to an entire new plant when
provided with a growth medium and appropriate
environment. This ability of plant cells or tissues
is termed ‘totipotency.’
3. Plant Tissue Culture
Tissue Culture is widely used in –
• Obtaining disease free plants.
• Rapid propagation of plants those are difficult to
propagate.
• Somatic hybridization.
• Genetics improvement of commercial plants.
Three main methods generally used in tissue culture are –
• Micro propagation through the enhanced multiplication
of axillary bud.
• Organogenesis.
• Somatic embryogenesis
4. History of tissue culture
• 1838- Cell theory, indicating towards totipotentiality of
cells by Schleiden and Schwann.
• 1902- First but unsuccessful attempt of tissue culture
using monocots by Haberlandt.He also explained the
concept of cell totipotency.
• 1904- First attempt in embryo culture of selected
Crucifers by Hannig.
• 1922- A symbiotic germination of orchid seeds by
Knudson.
• 1922- In vitro culture of root tips by Robbins.
• 1924- Callus formation on carrot root explants by use
of lactic acid by Meyer.
5. History of tissue culture
• 1934- In vitro culture of cambial tissues of different
trees and shrubs failed by Guatheret.
• 1934- Identification of the first plant hormone, IAA,
leading to cell enlargement by Kogl.
• 1941- Coconut Milk used for growth and development
of very young Datura embryos by Overbeek.
• 1942- Observation of secondary metabolites in plant
callus cultures by Gautheret.
• 1943- Tumor-inducing principle of crown gall tumors
identified by Braun.
• 1944- First In vitro culture of tobacco used to study
adventitious shoot formation by Skoog.
6. History of tissue culture
• 1946- First whole plants of Lupines and Tropaeolum from shoot tips
by Ball.
• 1948- Formation of adventitious shoots and roots in tobacco by
Skoog.
• 1957- Discovery that root or shoot formation in culture depends on
auxin: cytokinins ratio by Skoog and Miller.
• 1958- In vitro culture of excised ovules of Papaver somniferum by
Maheshwari.
• 1958- Regeneration of somatic embryos from nucleus of Citrus
ovules by Maheshwari and Rangaswamy.
• 1962- Development of MS medium by Murashige and Skoog.
• 1964- First haploid plants from Datura androgenesis by Guha and
Maheshwari.
7. History of tissue culture
• 1973- Cytokinins found to be capable of breaking dormancy in Gerberas by
Pierik
• 1978- Somatic hybridization of tomato and potato resulting pomato by
Melchers.
• 1978- Industrial scale fermentation of plant cells for production of
shikonin. (Selection of cell lines with higher yield of secondary products)
by Tabata.
• 1981- Introduction of the term somaclonal variation by Larkin.
• 1981- Isolation of auxotroph by cell colony screening in haploid protoplasts
of Nicotiana plumbaginifolia treated with mutagens by Sidorov.
• 1985- Infection and transformation of leaf discs with Agrobacterium
tumefaciens and regeneration of transformed plants by Horsch.
8. History of tissue culture
• 1985- Development of disarmed Ti-plasmid vector system for plant
transformation by Fraley.
• 1985- Development of binary vector system for plant
transformation.
• 1985- Gene transfer in protoplasts of Dicot and Monocot plants by
electroporation.
• 1993- In vitro fertilization with isolated single gametes resulting in
zygotic embryogenesis and recovery of fertile maize plants by
Kranz.
• 1993- "Green Hairy roots" showing photoautotrophy due to
development of photosynthetic ability by Flores.
• 1996- Development of ‘agrolistic’ method of plant transformation
by Hansen.
