Cyathodium bryophyte: morphology, anatomy, reproduction etc.
Callus culture and it's application
1. SHRI SHIVAJI SCIENCE COLLEGE, AMRAVATI
2022 - 2023
Department Of Biotechnology
B.Sc.Part - III (Semester- Vl)
Topic- Callus Culture And It's
Application
Presented By - Mayur
Anant
Dakhore
Assigned By - Dr. Dinesh Khedkar
Mrs. Mayuri Kuralkar
Mrs. Priyanka Dhakulkar
2. Callus Culture :-
● Callus is undifferentiated and unorganized mass of plant cells.
● It is tumor tissue which usually forms on wounds of
differentiate tissues or organs.
● Callus cells are parenchymatous in nature although not truely
homogenous.
● Callus contain some quantity of differentiated tissue, besides
the bulk of non-differentiated tissue.
● Callus formation in vivo is frequently observed as a result of
wounds at the cut edges of stems or roots.
3. Explants for callus culture:-
● The starting materials (explants) for callus culture may
be the differentiated tissue from any part of the plant
(root, stem, leaf, anther, flower etc.).
● The selected explant tissues may be at different stages
of cell division, cell proliferation and organization into
different distinct specialized structures.
● If the explant used possesses meristematic cells, then
the cell division and multiplication will be rapid.
4. Factors affecting callus culture formation in vitro:-
● Source of the explant and its genotype.
● Composition of the medium (MS medium most commonly
used).
● Physical factors (temperature, light etc.).
● Growth factors.
Other important factors affecting callus culture are:-
● Age of the plant.
● Location of explant.
● Physiology and growth conditions of the plant.
5. Temperature:-
In range of 22-28°C is suitable for adequate callus
formation.
Light:-
It is largely dependent on the plant species light may
be essential for some plants while darkness is required
by others.
Physical factor affecting callus culture:-
6. ● It strongly influence callus formation.
● Based on the nature of the explant and its genotype, and
the endogenous content of the hormone, the requirements
of growth regulators may be categorized into 3 groups
1. Auxin alone
2. Cytokinin alone
3. Both auxin and cytokinin.
Growth regulators affecting callus culture:-
7. Callus Culture:-
1. Explant collected
from parental plant
and surface
sterilized.
2. Explant transfered to
the
growth medium.
3. Explant shows growth
and callus formation.
8. Suspension culture from callus:-
● Suspension cultures can be initiated by transferring
friable callus to liquid nutrient medium.
● As the medium is liquid in nature, the pieces of
callus remain submerged.
● Creating anaerobic condition and ultimately the
cells may die.
● For this reason, suspension cultures have to be
agitated by a rotary shaker. Due to agitation, the
cells gets dispersed, besides their exposure to
aeration.
9. Applications of callus cultures:-
Callus cultures are slow-growth plant culture in static medium.
This enables to conduct several studies related to many aspects of plants
(growth, differentiation and metabolism) as listed below.
● Nutritional requirements of plants.
● Cell and organ differentiation.
● Development of suspension and protoplast cultures.
● Somaclonal variations.
● Genetic transformations.
● Production of secondary metabolites and their regulation.
