Expressionism was an early 20th century art movement centered in Germany that sought to convey deep emotional content through abstraction and distortion rather than realism. In architecture, Expressionist buildings often had sculptural, irrational forms that were personalized and idiosyncratic. Bruno Taut was a German architect active during this period who is considered an Expressionist. Some of his notable works include the Glass Pavilion built in 1914, made of concrete and brightly colored glass, and the Horseshoe Estate residential development built in Berlin between 1925-1927, featuring curved buildings arranged around a central pond. Expressionist architecture tended to use materials like glass, steel and brick, and forms that were individualistic compared to other styles of the time.
Post-Modern Architecture - An international architectural movement that emerged in the 1960s, became prominent in the late 1970s and 80s, and remained a dominant force in the 1990s.
Here we are looking at the work of Mies Van Der Rohe in three periods and we also touch on Charles and Ray Eames and what other designers are doing in the same period.
Post-Modern Architecture - An international architectural movement that emerged in the 1960s, became prominent in the late 1970s and 80s, and remained a dominant force in the 1990s.
Here we are looking at the work of Mies Van Der Rohe in three periods and we also touch on Charles and Ray Eames and what other designers are doing in the same period.
The movement strives to express universal concepts through elimination, reduction, abstraction, simplification, and a dynamic asymmetrical balance of rectangles, planes, verticals, horizontals, the primary colors, and black, white, and gray.
This is about the expressionist movement that prevailed sometime in the history of architecture. It includes the expressionist context and the movement and the fall of the movement. It is actually assignment for Contemporary Architecture and it aims to fulfill the basic context of expressionist movement.
Expressionism architecture final edidationYazid Hamoda
Expressionism architecture general introduction;with some detailed examples .
Al-Albayt University.
Facility of engineering
Department of Architecture.
Less is more
OUTLINE
Intro
Biography
Pioneers of Modern architecture
Philosophy
Style
Features
Traditionalism to Modernism
Characteristic features
Furniture
Works
Chicago school
Barcelona pavilion
S.r crown hall
Aldo Rossi was born in Milan, Italy in 1931.
He studied architecture in Milan and was a teacher in the same in various Universities in Italy, Germany, Spain and the U.S.
The cubism started in France in the early 20th century (around 1907), but its ideas and concepts have continued to influence art today.
The early 20th century was a time of change in the art world in France, yet cubism was still highly rejected. Many people said it was ugly and they could not understand it.
High-tech architecture, also known as Late Modernism or Structural Expressionism, is an architectural style that emerged in the 1970s, incorporating elements of high-tech industry and technology into building design.
High-tech architecture appeared as a revamped modernism , an extension of those previous ideas helped by even more technological advances.
This category serves as a bridge between modernism and post-modernism ; there remain gray areas as to where one category ends and the other begins. In the 1980s, high-tech architecture became more difficult to distinguish from post-modern architecture. Some of its ideas were later absorbed into the style of Neo-Futurism art and architectural movement.
The movement strives to express universal concepts through elimination, reduction, abstraction, simplification, and a dynamic asymmetrical balance of rectangles, planes, verticals, horizontals, the primary colors, and black, white, and gray.
This is about the expressionist movement that prevailed sometime in the history of architecture. It includes the expressionist context and the movement and the fall of the movement. It is actually assignment for Contemporary Architecture and it aims to fulfill the basic context of expressionist movement.
Expressionism architecture final edidationYazid Hamoda
Expressionism architecture general introduction;with some detailed examples .
Al-Albayt University.
Facility of engineering
Department of Architecture.
Less is more
OUTLINE
Intro
Biography
Pioneers of Modern architecture
Philosophy
Style
Features
Traditionalism to Modernism
Characteristic features
Furniture
Works
Chicago school
Barcelona pavilion
S.r crown hall
Aldo Rossi was born in Milan, Italy in 1931.
He studied architecture in Milan and was a teacher in the same in various Universities in Italy, Germany, Spain and the U.S.
The cubism started in France in the early 20th century (around 1907), but its ideas and concepts have continued to influence art today.
The early 20th century was a time of change in the art world in France, yet cubism was still highly rejected. Many people said it was ugly and they could not understand it.
High-tech architecture, also known as Late Modernism or Structural Expressionism, is an architectural style that emerged in the 1970s, incorporating elements of high-tech industry and technology into building design.
High-tech architecture appeared as a revamped modernism , an extension of those previous ideas helped by even more technological advances.
This category serves as a bridge between modernism and post-modernism ; there remain gray areas as to where one category ends and the other begins. In the 1980s, high-tech architecture became more difficult to distinguish from post-modern architecture. Some of its ideas were later absorbed into the style of Neo-Futurism art and architectural movement.
Art deco style of architecture, origins of art deco from Frank loyd wright. Art deco posters, movies, furniture, art and architecture.
http://www.greenarchworld.com/
AP ART HISTORY: Symbolism, Arts and Crafts movement, Art Nouveau, Austrian Se...S Sandoval
AP ART HISTORY : Other Art Styles of the Late Nineteenth Century.
Art Nouveau, Arts and Crafts Movement, Austrian Secession, Symbolism.
Artists, architects: Redon, Moreau, Rousseau, Carpeaux, Horta, Gaudi, Tiffany, Klimt
THE DIVERSE BEAUTY OF MATHILDENHÖHE: AN INSIGHT INTO AESTHETIC PHILOSOPHY AND...John1Lorcan
This article aims to look at the World Heritage Site from the perspective of curatorial studies and aesthetic
philosophy. The Darmstadt Artists' Colony made an enormous contribution to art and formed a bridge
between the British Arts & Crafts movement and the German Association of Craftsmen, which eventually
led to the Bauhaus movement. The last Grand Duke of Hesse and the Rhine was not only a patron who
founded this Artists' Colony, but also a prominent curator together with the Austrian architect and one of
the founders of the Vienna Secession, Joseph Maria Olbrich. Together they combined economic
development with artistic innovation. The establishment of the Darmstadt Artists' Colony was a sensation
in the art world. Itmarked the beginning of the 20th century, turning everyday life into an aesthetic
experience.
• A movement emerged in Northern
Europe during the firstdecades of
the 20th century, parallel with the
expressionist visual and
performing arts that especially
development
INTODUCTION
Art Nouveau, ornamental style of art that flourished between about 1890 and 1910 throughout Europe and the United States.
The most important places for architecture during this period were Brussels, Paris and Barcelona. The name 'Art nouveau' is French for 'new art'.
It represents the beginning of modernism in design(Modern Architecture). It occurred at a time when
Mass-produced consumer goods began to fill the marketplace, and
Designers, architects, and artist began to understand that the handcrafted work of centuries past could be lost.
Flourished in major European cities and emerged in the early 1890s in all the visual arts:
1. Painting 7. jewellery
2. Sculpture 8. clothing and
3. Architecture 9. furniture
4. Interior design
5. graphic arts
6. Posters
history of contemporary architecture - 18. The capitalist city, Megalopolis, ...Dania Abdel-aziz
history of contemporary architecture - 18. The capitalist city, Megalopolis, Edge cities, The indigenous city, The colonial city
الشكر للدكتورة مجد الحمود
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
2. What is Expressionism?
• Expressionism is a term that artistes in the early 20th century around a group of
painters, mainly German and centered in Munich.
• Who sought to convey deep emotional content using significant amounts of
abstraction but without losing figural subject matter.
• Color played a major role in their work.
• They also sought to convey a new and different kind of emotional content, often
verging on complex psychology and psychic struggle.
2
Arch. Dania Abdel-Aziz
3. • Expressionism is not a clearly defined term and may have more than one definition.
• It can often overlap other kinds of content and formal choices.
• Nevertheless, there is a certain quality about it that usually allows us to recognize it.
• Expressionist forms are often sculptural, sometimes irrational, usually personal
and idiosyncratic.
• But they are also often distorted.
3
Arch. Dania Abdel-Aziz
What is Expressionism?
4. Bruno Taut (4 May 1880 – 24
December 1938)
• Was a prolific
German architect, urban
planner and author active during
the Weimar period. He is known for
his theoretical works as well as his
designs and buildings.
• He is classified as
a Modernist and, in particular, as
an Expressionist.
4
Arch. Dania Abdel-Aziz
Bruno Taut
Modernism and the Heroic Period of Architecture – Sources of Modernism
Expressionism
5. • The Glass Pavilion, built in 1914 and
designed by Bruno Taut.
• It was a prismatic glass dome structure at
the Cologne Deutscher Werkbund
Exhibition.
• The structure was a brightly colored
landmark of the exhibition, and was
constructed using concrete and glass.
• The concrete structure had inlaid colored
glass plates on the facade that acted as
mirrors.
• Taut described his "little temple of beauty"
as "...reflections of light whose colors began
at the base with a dark blue and rose up
through moss green and golden yellow to
culminate at the top in a luminous pale
yellow."
5
Arch. Dania Abdel-Aziz
Modernism and the Heroic Period of Architecture – Sources of Modernism
Expressionism
Glass Pavilion, werkbund exhibition,
6. 6
Arch. Dania Abdel-Aziz
Glass Pavilion, werkbund exhibition,
Bruno Taut (1913-1926):
Modernism and the Heroic Period of Architecture – Sources of Modernism
Expressionism
7. 7
Arch. Dania Abdel-Aziz
Bruno Taut (1913-1926), Iron Pavilion, Berlin:
Modernism and the Heroic Period of Architecture – Sources of Modernism
Expressionism
8. • Project: Britz/Hufeisensiedlung
• Architect: Taut, Bruno & Martin Wagner
• City Berlin
• Country Germany
• Building Type Row house
• Date Built1925-27
• Dwelling Types flats/2-story row houses
• Exterior Finish Materials plaster, wood
• Construction Type masonry
8
Arch. Dania Abdel-Aziz
Horseshoe Development or "Hufeisensiedlung", built
1925, in Britz, Berlin
Horseshoe Estate
Modernism and the Heroic Period of Architecture – Sources of Modernism
Expressionism
9. 9
Arch. Dania Abdel-Aziz
Horseshoe Development or "Hufeisensiedlung", built
1925, in Britz, Berlin
Part of the site plan for the
"Hufeisensiedlung", the central horseshoe
figure surrounded an existing pond.
Modernism and the Heroic Period of Architecture – Sources of Modernism
Expressionism
10. • During the critical housing shortage that existed in in Germany following W.W.I,
various co-op housing societies and associations, public housing associations and
trades unions housing groups were formed to build economical housing in Berlin.
• One of the largest of these associations, Gehag (public utility homes, savings and
construction company), was founded in 1919 to build housing for its members.
• Committed to a progressive program of modern housing, Gehag sought collaboration
with modern architects and, in 1924, Bruno Taut was appointed chief architect.
• Taut had been involved in the development of the Gross-Siedlungen (large residential
community) idea as a concept for building large garden city-type housing complexes,
and had some experience designing a similar garden city development in Magdeburg
in 1912-15.
10
Arch. Dania Abdel-Aziz
Modernism and the Heroic Period of Architecture – Sources of Modernism
Expressionism
11. • Built in an outlying area south of
central Berlin, Britz-Hufeisensiedlung-
- literally "horseshoe" community, so
named from the horseshoe shape of
the inner group of apartments which
are built around a natural pond-- was
one of the early Gross-siedlung to be
built in Berlin.
• Along with Taut's "Onkel-Toms Hutte"
(Uncle Tom's Cabin), built in 1926, it
is one of the best examples of
application the ideas of the Garden
City Movement
(Gartenstadtgesellschaft) by a
functionalist architect.
11
Arch. Dania Abdel-Aziz Onkel Toms Hutte
Horseshoe Estate
Modernism and the Heroic Period of Architecture – Sources of Modernism
Expressionism
12. 12
Arch. Dania Abdel-Aziz
View of outside of
"horseshoe".
Modernism and the Heroic Period of Architecture – Sources of Modernism
Expressionism
13. 13
Arch. Dania Abdel-Aziz
View of the street facade of the
four-story, point-access blocks
outside of the "horseshoe".
Typical facade showing apartment balconies
View of the interior landscaped area of the "horseshoe".
14. 14
Arch. Dania Abdel-Aziz
Color variations of doors and entrances - a
typical design pattern of Bruno Taut
Modernism and the Heroic Period of Architecture – Sources of Modernism
Expressionism
15. General Site Plan of Taut’s Waldsiedlung at
Onkel Toms Hutte, Berlin Zehlendorf 1926, with
the curved U- Bahn running across the middle.
Detailed plan of nothern part showing varied
building and facade types.
Onkel Toms Hutte
20. Expressionist architecture was individualistic and in many ways eschewed aesthetic dogma, but it is
still useful to develop some criteria which defines it. Though containing a great variety and
differentiation, many points can be found as recurring in works of Expressionist architecture, and are
evident in some degree in each of its works.
1. Distortion of form for an emotional effect.
2. Subordination of realism to symbolic or stylistic expression of inner experience.
3. An underlying effort at achieving the new, original, and visionary.
4. Profusion of works on paper, and models, with discovery and representations of concepts more
important than pragmatic finished products..
5. Themes of natural romantic phenomena, such as caves, mountains, lightning, crystal and rock
formations. As such it is more mineral and elemental than florid and organic which characterized
its close contemporary art nouveau.
6. Uses creative potential of artisan craftsmanship.
7. Tendency more towards the gothic than the classical. Expressionist architecture also tends
more towards the romanesque and the rococo than the classical.
8. Though a movement in Europe, expressionism is as eastern as western. It draws as much from
Moorish, Islamic, Egyptian, and Indian art and architecture as from Roman or Greek.
20
Arch. Dania Abdel-Aziz
Characteristics
22. Expressionism
22
Arch. Dania Abdel-Aziz
• Expressionistic’ qualities: A building may convey some intentional meaning
through its form “expressive”.
Sydney Opera house
1957-73 (Jorn Utzon)
Lotus Temple,1986
(fariborz sahba)
23. 23
Arch. Dania Abdel-Aziz
Expressionism
• Distorted form for emotional effect, subordination of realism
Haus Duldeck in Dornash
1915 (Rodolf Steiner & Hermann
Ranzenberger)
24. 24
Arch. Dania Abdel-Aziz
JFK International Airport in New York,
1956-62
(Eero Saarinen)
National Museum of the American
Indian,2004
(Douglas Cardinal‘s)
Expressionism
25. 25
Arch. Dania Abdel-Aziz
Expressionism
Forms in something more gothic
rather than classic, which resulted in
forms and shapes that are
individualistic from the other forms
of architecture.
around that time expressionist use
of Monolithic materials.
Hohenzollernplatz Church berlin 1930
((fritz höger
27. What is… And what is not…Expressionism
• The expressionist transforms reality rather than seeking to imitate it. An avant-garde
movement and a famous “ism” among many other strains of modernism.
• Appearances are only a semblance, claims the expressionist; we must transcend the
superficial guise of reality to find true meaning.
• It is not Impressionism which seeks to capture transient nature at different
moments, to reflect the diversity of the physical world.
• It is not Naturalism which records “life as it is”.
27
Arch. Dania Abdel-Aziz
28. Materials
• Materials used in this movement of architecture , which have a poetic expression,
and to unify the buildings into making it a monolithic design. Bricks, steel and
especially glass is used, according to Paul Scheerbart : “Coloured glass destroys
hatred”,
”Without a glass palace life is a burden”,
”Glass brings us a new era, building in brick only does us harm”.
28
Arch. Dania Abdel-Aziz
29. Evolution of expressionism
• The genesis of expressionism lies in art nouveau.
• Art nouveau, principally a decorative convention turned to bionic and geomorphic
forms.
• However art nouveau consumed itself in the
need for more extravagant forms.
• Architects often spilled over exoticism,
irrationality and ultimately this intense exaggeration
was called Expressionism.
• Antoni Gaudi bizzarre architecture had close
affinity to expressionism.
• With the fundamental theme the
preoccupation with the biomorphic fantasy.
• But the real birth of this ‘ism’ is bound up
with traumas of world war I.
• Barred from the realities of construction sites,
the architects were free to built castles in
the air.
29
Arch. Dania Abdel-Aziz
30. Erich Mendelsohn
• The Einstein tower , Potsdam 1917-21 by Erich Mendelsohn is one of the first
expressionist building
• What he built was not merely a laboratory; it was a monument with an anthromorphic
form.
• The building was built in brick and covered with concrete.
30
Arch. Dania Abdel-Aziz
The Einstein tower
Evolution of expressionism
31. TWA terminal, NY: Eero saarinen
• Saarinen's terminal for TWA is sculpted as an symbol of flight - abstract, and not
intentionally as a landing eagle as it has often been described.
• The expressive curves of the design create attractive, spacious halls and a rare
degree of exhilaration for an airport terminal
31
Arch. Dania Abdel-Aziz
Evolution of expressionism
32. • nine overlapping shells on the Sydney waterfront was chosen over more conventional
square and circular buildings. The forms of the shells could be described as sections
radiating from the bottom of an orange, or the frond of a palm plant unfurling in the
sun.
32
Arch. Dania Abdel-Aziz
Sydney Opera House
Evolution of expressionism
33. • The idea for an opera house for the city of Sydney wasn't a new one. It had been
discussed as part of a post-World War II building program. But a lack of vision kept it
on the back burner.
• In 1956 a competition was floated for its design and out of 233 entries Jørn Utzon
was selected
33
Arch. Dania Abdel-Aziz
Sydney Opera House
Evolution of expressionism
34. Guggenheim Museum Bilbao
• Frank o gehry
• His buildings are powerful essays in geometric
form and materials, and from an aesthetic
standpoint they are among the most profound
and brilliant works of architecture of our time.
•
• Whole building is made of irregular shapes having
not a single straight wall
34
Arch. Dania Abdel-Aziz
Evolution of expressionism
35. • The big surprise of the vast Guggenheim Bilbao is that, despite its complexity and
unorthodox appearance, you never feel lost or confused inside
• With this work frank gehry became famous as “the other Frank” “with other
guggenheim”
35
Arch. Dania Abdel-Aziz
Guggenheim Museum Bilbao
Evolution of expressionism
36. Rudolph steiner (1924-1928)
• His strong expressionist designs for the second Goetheanum (house of speech) and
surrounding buildings.
• The chimney of the boiler, like a stem, symbolizing the rising smoke.
• The transformer station- meant to express the intake, conversion, and output
electrical power.
• The second goetheanum- an impressive sculpturous form built in concrete
36
Arch. Dania Abdel-Aziz
Evolution of expressionism
37. Conclusion
• Time flattens distinctions such between works with similar forms... but the history of
architectural theory is about ideas and not just the shapes they make
37
Arch. Dania Abdel-Aziz