The document summarizes changes in Indian art, performance arts, literature, and architecture during the colonial period. Regional styles like the Pahari and Tanjavur schools emerged in art. Hindustani and Carnatic music were revived, and Rabindra Sangeet was developed. Western instruments were incorporated into Indian music. Dance forms like Rabindranritya emerged. Literature shifted to prose and regional languages, addressing social issues. Printing presses spread vernacular publications. Colonial cities like Mumbai and Madras featured European architectural styles adapted to the Indian climate.

2. 1.Changes in Indian Art:- 4.Architecture:-
a.Pahari School a. Architectural Splendours of Colonial Cities-
b.Tanjavur School Mumbai, Madras
c.Emergence Of National Art Style
2.Changes in Performance Arts:-
a.Music
b.Dance
3.Developments in Literature:-
a.New trends in Literature
b.Developments in vernacular literature
c.Printing Press
d.Rise of Vernacular Press

3. Following the collapse of the Mughals, the painters of the period sought the
protection and patronage of the secluded Himalayan hill states.Some of them drifted
south and this exodus eventually led to the establishment of local and regional
schools of painting. Different schools of Indian art emerged during this time.
The features of the Pahari School included:
. Rich harmony of colour
. Details of people’s everyday life, their religious
. Some of them are based on Indian melodies known as the Ragamala

4. Another regional style developed at Tanjavur in south India. Many rulers, during those
days, decorated the interiors of their palaces with murals and these covered themes
from the Puranas.
By the end of the eighteenth century, Indian art got influenced by the new styles
introduced by the British. However, there was certainly a reaction against the
staleness and degeneration of the Indian art tradition.
Abanindranath Tagore was one among them who consciously tried to recreate a
national art style. He and a few others tried to revive the classical Indian tradition of
painting. The school of painting that developed as a result came to be known as
Bengal School with centers in Calcutta and Shantiniketan.

5. Raja Ravi Verma of Travencore gained popularity during this period for his paintings
of mythological subjects and portraits.
Rabindranath Tagore was also a leading painter of the period who tried to preserve
Indian tradition.
Among the early twentieth century painters,Jamini Roy and Amrita Shergill are the
leading names.
Hindustani music: The nineteenth century saw the emergence of Madras(now Chennai)
as the capital Carnatic music in the south. Hindustani music was also revived by
famous musicians like Pandit Vishnu Digambar Paluskar and Chaturpandit Vishnu
Narayan Bhatkande.
Ranbindra Sangeet: Rabindranath Tagore evolved a new style in Bengali music which
came to be known as Rabindra Sangeet. It is an amalgamation of classical Hindustani
music and folk music of Bengal.

6. Influence of western musical forms: With the establishment of British rule came
western music and instruments. The Indians, while maintaining their own tradition,
adopted some instruments like the violin and clarinet to suit the demands of Indian
music.
In the first half of the nineteenth century, Indian dance tradition was revived and
redefined by the contributions of four brothers, namely Chinniah,Sivanandani,Ponniah
and Vadivelu, who composed new music specificially for dance. Rabindranath Tagore
played a major role in reviving Indian classical dance by inviting exponents of
different classical dance forms of the Visvabharati University at Shantiniketan. By
merging various forms, Tagore developed a new dance form which came to be known
as Rabindranritya.

7. The language of the Mughal ruling class in eighteenth century India was Persian, which
was also the official language of the court. Sanskrit and Arabic were the languages
used by the Hindu and the Muslims scholars respectively.
During the rign of Lord Wellesley in the early nineteenth century, Mughal tradition was
Replaced by British paramountcy, and in 1835, the British adopted an Education policy
which favoured English education.
1. Most of the literature of the earlier times drew their themes heavily from mythology
or religious texts.
2. The early works were almost invariably composed in verse.Modern nineteenth
century literature was mostly written in prose style.
3. New forms of literary writing developed such as drama, novel, short story and essay.

8. Some of the great writers in the regional language of India were Munshi Premchand
and Bharatendu Harishchandra in Hindi, Muhammmad Iqbal in urdu, Rabindranath
Tagore, Bankim Chandra Chatterjee and Sarat Chandra Chatterjee in Bengali Fakir
Mohan senapati in Oriya, Hemchandra Barua in Assamese. Hari Narayan Apte in
Marathi, Kumaran Asan and vallathol k Rao in telegu, K Venkatappa Gowda Puttapa in
Kannada and Subrahania Bharati in Tamil.
4.Literature became a mirror of the society, reflected the changes that were taking
place. It proved to be instrumental promoting social reforms, unholding social
problems and supporting the national struggle for freedom. Several poitical leaders
from different parts of the country such as Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Lala Lajpat Rai,
Kasturi Raqnga Lyengar and T Prakasham emerged as Important Literary figures.

9. At 1824, Raja Rammohan Roy had protested against a revolution restricating the
freedom of the press.The early phase of nationalist movement from 1870 to1918
focused more on the political propaganda, education, formation of nationalist ideology
and mobilization of public opinion.
The Printing Press Was Introduced in the country by the Portuguese.In 1557, the first
book was published by the Jesuits of Goa. The English East India Company established
a printing press only in 1684. The press was set up in Bombay.James Augustus Hickey
who began publishing the first newspaper in India on 29 January 1780. The bengal
Gazette.

10. The European trading companies established their factories in various parts of India. It
exposed India to new architectural styles like Graeco-Roman,Scottish,Gothic,etc.the
Colonial architecture expressed itself through institutional, civic and utilitarian
buildings like travelers` bungalows, post offices, railway station, churches, etc.The
two areas of building activities, in hill station and in civil lines and cantonments
reflect British architecture in India in its purest form.
1.In hill stations, it was possible to build almost exact replicas of English houses, since
the climate was similar. Piched roofs were constructed due to the necessity of draining
rainwater and snow.
2. The buildings in the civil lines and cantonments had flat roofs and were surrounded
by dense trees. The heat of summer in the plain areas was a major factor which
influenced the design and they looked like English suburbs.

11. Mumbai
Bombay (now Mumbai) was given to king Charles II of England as dowry during his marriage
to the Portuguese princess, Catherine of Braganza in 1662 in 1687, the English east India
company shifted its western headquarters from Surat to Bombay. The University of Bombay
was established in 1857. In the same year, universities were established in the two other
Presidency towns of Calcutta and Madres. It was one of the first educational institutions to
be established following the wood’s Despatch on education in 1854.
Madras
The British East India Company set up a permanent trading station on the India coastline in
the form of Fort St George in Chennai. Fort St George is not a fort6 in the true sense of the
term.It is rather an arbitrary area Enclosed by a massive stonewall. Historical personalities
like Elihu Yale, Thomas pitt, Robert Clive and lord Cornwallis either lived in or frequented
the fort in their day. The colonial legacy of Madras is apparent in the vicinity of yhe
Chennai port. In the south of the port lies Fort St George. The stretch between the fort and
the port is occupied mostly by the high court buildings and several clubs, some of which
have existed from the British era.

15. Group Names:-
1)Debojit Mitra
2)Avinash Kumar Singh
3)Anurag Dey
4)Arindom Das
5)Krisanu Nath
6)Krisaloy Mishra
Power Point Presentation Done By:-Debojit, Avinash