This document provides a history of the development of community health nursing in India. It discusses how community health nursing aims to meet the health and nursing needs of entire communities, with a focus on primary prevention. The document traces the history from ancient practices in India dating back to 5000 BC that emphasized public health, sanitation and hospitals. It outlines key developments over time, including the establishment of various health programs and organizations in India from the 1900s onward that worked to improve public health and access to healthcare.
This slide contains information regarding Community Mental Health Nursing. This can be helpful for proficiency level and bachelor level nursing students. Your feedback is highly appreciated. Thank you!
This slide contains information regarding Community Mental Health Nursing. This can be helpful for proficiency level and bachelor level nursing students. Your feedback is highly appreciated. Thank you!
International level :The first predecessor was a Greek sanctuary at epidaurus.
In the fourth century, institution specifically for mentally ill were established in byzantium and jerusalem.
First psychiatric hospital was built in baghdad (705AD) and then at Fes and cairo.
In london (1247), first modern mental hospital named as bethlehem hospital was established.
Till 18th century, mental ill were not treated human. They got neglected, restrained, abused, were given poor nutrition and kept in torn clothing chained hands and feet.
Pinel revolution changed the focus of mental health care. He mandates the human approach for caring mentally sick patients.
Dorothea dix is said to be first nurse to be recognized to work with resident; she was in charge of union Army nurses during american civil war.
Linda Richards (1882) opened Boston city college which was specifically designed to train nurses to take care of mentally sick patients.
Johns hopkins university (1913) offered psychiatric nursing as a part of curriculum in nursing.
Till 1950, nurses who care for mentally sick patients were called attendants.
Discovery of chlorpromazine, i.e. anti-psychotic drug also revolutionized modern psychiatric in mid 1950’s.
Deinstitutionalization of mentally ill patients was known as antipsychiatry movement led by goffman, szaz and other which resulted in the concept of community psychiatry.
Deinstitutionalization of mentally ill patients was known as antipsychiatry movement led by goffman, szaz and other which resulted in the concept of community psychiatry.
Deinstitutionalization means mentally sick person will not be treated in institutions but in community.
From 1975-1983, more of the improvements in mental health care and mental hospitals were made.
In late 19th and 20th century , extensive educational upgrades for psychiatric nurses came into existence; M.Sc. Nursing, M Phil and doctorate in Psychiatric nursing.
National Level
Ancient vedic times
In scripture of ancient India, mental disorders such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorders are mentioned. The bhagavad Gita is also an exemplary form of crisis intervention psychotherapy . In those ancient times , psychiatric illness was considered as a punishment for sin and witchcraft. Therefore, mentally ill were used to be restrained with chains and kept in jails and asylums in ancient times.
Pre-colonial times:
During the time of king Ashoka, Hospitals were established for mentally sick patients.
Under rule of first governor general Warren Hastings , first mental hospital at Calcutta was established.
Colonical times
In 1745, the earliest mental hospital for 30 in–patient capacity was established in Mumbai.
Indian lunacy act was also enacted in 1858 .
In 1912, pervious lunacy act was replaced and Indian lunacy act , 1912 came being.
CIP was the first institution in India to start diploma in psychological medicine,
CIP got the largest library on the subject of mental health in India.
Nature and scope of meantal health nursing - Presented By Mohammed Haroon Ra...Haroon Rashid
Subject - Mental Health Nursing and topic is Nature and Scope of Mental health nursing , Presented by Mohammed Haroon Rashid, Basic B.Sc Nursing 3rd Year in Florence College of Nursing
Unit -I : Community Health IntroductionSMVDCoN ,J&K
Special field of nursing that combines the skill of nursing, public health and same phase of social assistance and function as part of the total public health program for the promotion of health, the improvement of the condition in the social & physical environment, rehabilitation of illness & Disability.
International level :The first predecessor was a Greek sanctuary at epidaurus.
In the fourth century, institution specifically for mentally ill were established in byzantium and jerusalem.
First psychiatric hospital was built in baghdad (705AD) and then at Fes and cairo.
In london (1247), first modern mental hospital named as bethlehem hospital was established.
Till 18th century, mental ill were not treated human. They got neglected, restrained, abused, were given poor nutrition and kept in torn clothing chained hands and feet.
Pinel revolution changed the focus of mental health care. He mandates the human approach for caring mentally sick patients.
Dorothea dix is said to be first nurse to be recognized to work with resident; she was in charge of union Army nurses during american civil war.
Linda Richards (1882) opened Boston city college which was specifically designed to train nurses to take care of mentally sick patients.
Johns hopkins university (1913) offered psychiatric nursing as a part of curriculum in nursing.
Till 1950, nurses who care for mentally sick patients were called attendants.
Discovery of chlorpromazine, i.e. anti-psychotic drug also revolutionized modern psychiatric in mid 1950’s.
Deinstitutionalization of mentally ill patients was known as antipsychiatry movement led by goffman, szaz and other which resulted in the concept of community psychiatry.
Deinstitutionalization of mentally ill patients was known as antipsychiatry movement led by goffman, szaz and other which resulted in the concept of community psychiatry.
Deinstitutionalization means mentally sick person will not be treated in institutions but in community.
From 1975-1983, more of the improvements in mental health care and mental hospitals were made.
In late 19th and 20th century , extensive educational upgrades for psychiatric nurses came into existence; M.Sc. Nursing, M Phil and doctorate in Psychiatric nursing.
National Level
Ancient vedic times
In scripture of ancient India, mental disorders such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorders are mentioned. The bhagavad Gita is also an exemplary form of crisis intervention psychotherapy . In those ancient times , psychiatric illness was considered as a punishment for sin and witchcraft. Therefore, mentally ill were used to be restrained with chains and kept in jails and asylums in ancient times.
Pre-colonial times:
During the time of king Ashoka, Hospitals were established for mentally sick patients.
Under rule of first governor general Warren Hastings , first mental hospital at Calcutta was established.
Colonical times
In 1745, the earliest mental hospital for 30 in–patient capacity was established in Mumbai.
Indian lunacy act was also enacted in 1858 .
In 1912, pervious lunacy act was replaced and Indian lunacy act , 1912 came being.
CIP was the first institution in India to start diploma in psychological medicine,
CIP got the largest library on the subject of mental health in India.
Nature and scope of meantal health nursing - Presented By Mohammed Haroon Ra...Haroon Rashid
Subject - Mental Health Nursing and topic is Nature and Scope of Mental health nursing , Presented by Mohammed Haroon Rashid, Basic B.Sc Nursing 3rd Year in Florence College of Nursing
Unit -I : Community Health IntroductionSMVDCoN ,J&K
Special field of nursing that combines the skill of nursing, public health and same phase of social assistance and function as part of the total public health program for the promotion of health, the improvement of the condition in the social & physical environment, rehabilitation of illness & Disability.
introduction to medical surgical nursing.pptxJyotiBhagat31
introduction to medical surgical nursing- history of evolution of medical surgical nursing, nursing in India, brief description about Florence Nightingale, nursing process, phases and characteristics of nursing process, nursing care plan, concept of health, disease, causes of disease, wellness, illness, effects of illness, stages of illness, theories of illness, wellness model, illness-wellness continuum, illness as a human experience, health behavior, illness behavior,
The specialty which deals with population.
Comprises those doctors who try to measure the needs of sick and healthy.
Who plan and administer the services to meet the needs.
Who are engaged in research & teaching in the field.
Background: Pharmacy developed as a profession over several decades with the advent of apothecaries and was formalized as a profession and regulated in India beginning 1948 with the Pharmacy Act. Public health, existent for centuries was only formalized in India in 1987 through the Model Public Health act. Clinical pharmacy through structured and formalized PharmD education is fairly new to 21st century India. Clinical pharmacists play a very important role in promoting public health through various initiatives – health education, health communication, medication review, medication adherence to name a few. There is however, little recognition for clinical pharmacists as public health professionals even in developed countries where public health and pharmacy systems have co-existed for decades. In India, as both fields emerge, it is important to find synergies and open up pathways for collaboration and cooperation to ensure a stronger pool of public health field clinicians, researchers and professionals.
This session will focus on identifying the roles of public health pharmacists with focus on areas of convergence and models for collaboration and cooperation between public health and pharmacy professionals.
Session aim: Discuss strategies to enhance capacity of pharmacists to advance public health outcomes.
Session objectives: At the end of this session, participants will be able to:
• Explain how pharmacists can play pivotal roles in disease prevention and health promotion
• Identify key interdisciplinary approaches where pharmacists can help achieve optimal public health outcomes
• Discuss strategies to integrate public health practice into pharmacological training and pharmaceutical care.
Content: Throughout the world, pharmacy as a profession is evolving. In recent years, several entities involved in pharmacy education have identified public health as a major area for improvement and expansion within the core pharmacy education. Pharmacists have been identified as key healthcare professionals in achieving health goals as mentioned in Healthy People 2020. In order to successfully integrate pharmacists as public health professionals, there is a need to introduce the principles and concepts of public health early on in pharmacy education. It is equally important to create and develop opportunities for practicing pharmacists and demonstrate the impact of pharmacists toward improving the population’s health. In this session, targeted interventions to outcomes assessment, differences and similarities will be discussed with implications for effectively advancing the capacity of pharmacists to achieve public health outcomes.
References
1. Policy Statement: The Role of the Pharmacist in Public Health. Policy Number 200614. American Public Health Association. November 8, 2006.
2. Capper, SA, Sands, CD. The Vital Relationship Between Public Health and Pharmacy. The International Journal of Pharmacy Education. Fall 2006, Issue 2.
Background: Pharmacy developed as a profession over several decades with the advent of apothecaries and was formalized as a profession and regulated in India beginning 1948 with the Pharmacy Act. Public health, existent for centuries was only formalized in India in 1987 through the Model Public Health act. Clinical pharmacy through structured and formalized PharmD education is fairly new to 21st century India. Clinical pharmacists play a very important role in promoting public health through various initiatives – health education, health communication, medication review, medication adherence to name a few. There is however, little recognition for clinical pharmacists as public health professionals even in developed countries where public health and pharmacy systems have co-existed for decades. In India, as both fields emerge, it is important to find synergies and open up pathways for collaboration and cooperation to ensure a stronger pool of public health field clinicians, researchers and professionals.
This session will focus on identifying the roles of public health pharmacists with focus on areas of convergence and models for collaboration and cooperation between public health and pharmacy professionals.
Session aim: Discuss strategies to enhance capacity of pharmacists to advance public health outcomes.
Session objectives: At the end of this session, participants will be able to:
• Explain how pharmacists can play pivotal roles in disease prevention and health promotion
• Identify key interdisciplinary approaches where pharmacists can help achieve optimal public health outcomes
• Discuss strategies to integrate public health practice into pharmacological training and pharmaceutical care.
Content: Throughout the world, pharmacy as a profession is evolving. In recent years, several entities involved in pharmacy education have identified public health as a major area for improvement and expansion within the core pharmacy education. Pharmacists have been identified as key healthcare professionals in achieving health goals as mentioned in Healthy People 2020. In order to successfully integrate pharmacists as public health professionals, there is a need to introduce the principles and concepts of public health early on in pharmacy education. It is equally important to create and develop opportunities for practicing pharmacists and demonstrate the impact of pharmacists toward improving the population’s health. In this session, targeted interventions to outcomes assessment, differences and similarities will be discussed with implications for effectively advancing the capacity of pharmacists to achieve public health outcomes.
References
1. Policy Statement: The Role of the Pharmacist in Public Health. Policy Number 200614. American Public Health Association. November 8, 2006.
2. Capper, SA, Sands, CD. The Vital Relationship Between Public Health and Pharmacy. The International Journal of Pharmacy Education. Fall 2006, Issue 2.
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
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Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
History and development of cnh 03 130303112246-phpapp01
1. History and development of Community Health Nursing
Guided by: Mr. Ramakant Gaikwad
Presented by : Mr. Ajay Magar
Presented on: 09/02/11
2. “Health is Not mainly an issue of doctors,
social services and hospitals. Health is an
issue of social Justice.
There is no time to lose. We have the goal
of “Health for all by 2000 AD”. This is the
call of the world health organization. and
India has taken up the challenge.
Formerly, Health care has been for those
living near enough to a hospital or a doctor
in times of need and for those who could
spend money for medicines and treatment.
3. The great majority of people stayed in the village
when sick and even today many suffer and die
without proper help.
Attempts have been made to meet the health
needs of the people of India by means of primary
health center and the training of Auxiliary Nurse
Midwives to go out from these centre’s to the
homes of the people.
The number of ANMS trained was never sufficient
and more than half of them after training went to
work in hospitals. In fact, their training was given
mainly in the hospitals environment, with title
experience and understanding of health needs of
people, families and communities in rural areas.
4. Community health nursing is one of the
professions/disciplines which operates within the
realms/domain of community health and helps in
meeting health and nursing needs of the
community.
It plays a very important and challenging role in
promoting and protecting health of people. Unlike
other specialties of nursing, community health
nursing lays major emphasis on primary level
prevention and focuses on the entire community.
Before further discussion let us see the definition of
Community Health Nursing
5. “Community Health Nursing is a synthesis of
Nursing practice and public health practice applied
in promoting and preserving the health of
populations. The nature of this practice is general
and comprehensive. It is not limited to a particular
age or diagnostic group. It is continuing not
episodic. The dominant responsibility to the
population as a whole. Therefore nursing directed
to individuals, family or group contributes to the
health of total population. Health promotion,
health maintenance, health education, co-
ordination and continuity of care are utilized in a
holistic approach to the management of the health
care of individual, family, group and community.”
6. Pre-vedic Period:
The medical system that are truly Indian origin
and development are the Ayurveda and Siddha
system. Ayurveda dy definition implies “
Knowledge of Life”. Its origin is traced far back
to the Vedic times, about 5000BC. During this
period, medical history was associated with
mythological figures, sages and seers.
Dhanvantari the Hindu god of Medicine is said to
have been born as a result of the churning of
ocean during a tug war between gods and
demons. According to some authorities medical
knowledge in the Atharvaveda gradually
developed into the science.
7. The experience and concern in health
development and public health care dates
back to this Vedic period. In the Indus Vally
Civilization (3000 BC) itself, one funds
evidence of well- developed environmental
sanitation programmes such as arrangements
of good water supply, underground
drainages, Public baths in cities etc.
8. In ancient India, the celebrated authorities
in Ayurveda medicine were Atreya, Charaka,
Sustra and Vagbhatt. Atreya (about 800 BC)
is acknowledged as the firdt great Indian
Physician and Teacher. Charaka a famous
Ayuirvedic Medicine, Sustra a father of Indian
Surgery. From this early writings other
authers wrote books. From these writings we
learn that surgery had advanced to a high
level, also that doctors and the attendants
(Nurse) must be the people of high
character, Hospital were large and well
equipped.
9. Medical education was introduced in the ancient
Universitiesof Taxila and Nalanda.
During Budha period hospital system was developed for
men and women and for animals.
This was exapanded during king Ashoka, Moghal Period
(1000 AD) Unani Medicine which (Arabic system) was
introudced through Greek medicine which has become a
part of Indian medicine. Nursing and medicine are closely
linked together.
Nursing was regarded on the “Science of Care” and
medicine as the “Science of Cure”. As the science of cure,
medicine is concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of
illness.
As the scienceof care, nursing is concerned with the care
of people who are ill. The care and cure functions are
complimentary ; both are necessary and important aspects
of health care for the people.
10. King Ashoka (272 BC-236 BC) a convert
Buddhism, brought about period of prosperity.
Monasteries were built, houses for travelers
were provided and hospitals for both men and
women and animals were founded.
Prevention of disease became a matter of first
importance and hygiene practices were adopted.
Cleanliness of the body was religious duty.
Doctors and midwives were to be trustworthy
and skill full. They must wear clean cloth and
keep their nails cut short. Operations were
precede by religious ceremonies and prayers.
The nurses were usually men or old women.
11. Women of India were favoured though
restricted to activities in the home. No doubt
they cared for the sick members in the
family.
By 1 AD superstition and magic had been
somewhat replaced by more up to date
practice. But , medicine remained in the
hands of priest-physician who refused to
touch blood or pathological tissues.
Dissection was forbidden. This together with
religious restrictions probably helped to
bring about decline in medicine and nursing
professions.
12. During this period diagnosis was made on empirical
basis and also the given treatment was according to
symptoms. So this era was called symptom oriented
oriented era. The health education was provided by
lectures on authoritarian instruction.
13. This period witnessed the invention of
microscope, thermometer, BP apparatus and
other tools for detection and measurement
of diseases. Laboratory investigations were
carried out to make This period was called as
bacteria- oriented or disease oriented era.
14. This is an era which witnessed her individual
centered or patient centered approach for
taking care of the health and illness of the
people. Clinical instructions abd bed side
teaching started in the field of medical
education education. The development of
clinical techniques was initiated in medical
science and technology.
15. In this period prevention oriented approach
started. It was initiated by our ancient Indians at
the time of Indus Valley Civilisation.
it is being called era of Community centered
approach, in which diagnosis and treatment at
community level emerged, clinical public health
instructions, community- side teachings were
included in the field of medical education.
Studies releted to community development,
community measurement and criteria planning
techniques also started
Integration of social sciences, and public health
sciences in this era took place.
16. In this period the involvement of the
community leaders and members of the
community in planning and implementation
of the health programmes was practiced at
this stage.
The national level health planning was
established by political authorities of
particular country by involving national and
international health agencies to provide
health for all.
The people-centered approach has been
emphasized in this era.
17. Community health has now entered an era of
individual responsibilities and community
participation.
The traditional role of medical persons has been
shifted from diagnosis and treatment of
individual illness to treatment of all health
hazards of community.
Community diagnosis is based on collection and
interpretation of relevant data related to
distribution of population according to age, sex,
educational status, marital status, religion,
caste, birthrate, death rate, prevalence of
disease etc.
19. Development in the broader sense is not only
the improvement or progress in the
community health resources but individual
progress in the professional aspect of as
community health nurse.
20. Sr.No Year Events
1 1918 The preparation of Nursing workers for public health work
started in Delhi, Lady Reading Health School
2 1930 At Calcutta All India Institute of Hygiene and Public Health was
started
3 1931 A Maternal and Child Welfare Bureau was established by the
Indian Red Cross Society.
4 1939 Indian Tuberculosis Association was started
5 1943 Health Survey and Development Committee was appointed by
GOI under the Chairmanship of Sir Joseph Bhore.
21. Sr.No Year Events
6 1918 The preparation of Nursing workers for public health work
started in Delhi, Lady Reading Health School
7 1930 At Calcutta All India Institute of Hygiene and Public Health
was started
8 1931 A Maternal and Child Welfare Bureau was established by the
Indian Red Cross Society.
9 1939 Indian Tuberculosis Association was started
10 1943 Health Survey and Development Committee was appointed
by GOI under the Chairmanship of Sir Joseph Bhore.
22. 11 1952 Community Development Programme was launched on 2nd
October for overall development of rural areas. Central
Council of Health constituted.
12 1954 National water supply and sanitation scheme was inaugurated.
National Leprosy Control Programme was started.
Food Adulteration Act was passed.
13 1955 National Filaria Control Programme started
14 1958 National Malaria Control Programme was changed to Eradication
Programme
15 1959 Mudaliar Committee was appointed to review the progress made
in health sector
23. 16 1961 Mudaliar Committee report was published
17 1962 Central Family Planning Institute was established
18 1971 MTP Act was passed, In 1972 came in force.
19 1973 Multipurpose Health Workers Scheme was introduced by Kartar Singh
committee report
20 1975 India declared as FREE from Smallpox
21 1977 Rural Health Scheme was introduced
24. 22 1978 The slogan “Health for All by 2000 AD came in force at Alma Atta
declaration in USSR underlined the primary health care approach.
23 1982 GOI framed National Health Policy. School Health Services started at trial
bases
24 1985 Universal Immunization Programme was launched on 19th
November
Indira Gandi’s Birthday.
25 1992 CSSM programme was launched on 20th
August
26 1995 Pulse Polio Immunization Programme launched in December and January.
26 1996 RCH in place of CSSM with slight modification,launched in 1997
27
28
2000
2002
GOI announced National Population Policy
GOI announces Nationational AIDS Prevention controlpolicy
25. 29 2003 Launching of ART
centres at
MetroCentres,e.g.
Sasoon
30 2004 NTCP Inclucated DOTS
31 2007 Revision of National
Population
32 2008 , revised in 2009 Swine Flu awareness
Programme and control
Programme
30. Books
Park K, Parks Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, 20th
Edition, Banarasidas Bhanot, Jabalpur, 2010, Page No.1-
11,644-648.
Kamalam.S, Essentials in Community Health Nursing Practice,
First Edition, 2008,Jaypee Brothers, New Delhi, Page No. 3-
10, 12-15.
Basavanthappa.B.T, Community Health Nursing,First
Edition,Jaypee Brothers, Mumbai, 2008, Page No. 10-12.
Marsije.L.M, A new textbook for nurses in India, CMAI, B.I.
Publication, Chennai,1997, Volume I, Page No. 3- 68.
Journals
e Journal of Community Medicine, http://www.ijcm.org.in/
Websites and Links
http://www.peopletree.co.in/infoemployer.htm.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nursing_in_India#mw-head