This document discusses trends and issues in mental health nursing. It outlines the historical development of mental health care in India from the 19th century view of mental illness being caused by evil spirits to the modern medicalized view. Key trends in India include the establishment of asylums under British rule and the integration of mental health services into general health care post-independence. Current issues discussed include increased prevalence of mental health problems, concerns around inappropriate medication use, violence against practitioners, and ensuring quality care in alternative settings with changing demographics.

2. TRENDS & ISSUES IN MENTAL
HEALTH NURSING
BY-
PREETI SHARMA
MSC. NURSING 1ST YR.
HITKARINI NSG. COLLEGE

3. INTRODUCTION
 Health survey committee report in 1946
 Based on committee recommendation certificate
course in psychiatric nursing was started in 1956
at NIMHANS.
 In 1964, Mudaliar committee made
recommended
 In 1965, INC included psychiatric nursing in
B.Sc. Nursing & in 1975 in M.sc. Nursing

4. DEFINITION OF TRENDS
“Trends is a general direction in which something is
developing or changing”.

5. HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT
human behavior during the later part of the 19th
century, it led to a change towards the mentally ill
patients. Subsequently, in the third decade of the
20th century introduction of the physical form of
treatment followed. By the forth decade
pharmacology for the mentally ill was introduced.
So, the mentally ill started getting better care.

6. TRENDS OF PSYCHIATRY IN
INDIA
 abnormal behavior was believed to be of the
‘devil’ i.e. ‘Against God’, ‘Mentally ill’ were
considered evil & described as witches.
 mentally ill were considered socially
unacceptable & put in jails also with other
criminals.

7. CONT…
 In the modern era, there was shifted from ‘evil’ to
ill. Mentally ill were called as ‘mad’ or ‘insane’
and were placed in special places called as
‘ASYLUMS’.
 In 20th century, the work of Feud and ‘B.F.
Skinner & J.B. Watson’ gave a scientific
combination of biological & social theories to
explain the etiology of mental illness.

8. TRENDS IN INDIA DURING
BRITISH ERA
 Indian lunacy act based on British legislation.
 Indian psychiatry runs parallel to British
psychiatry.
 Creation of Asylums to keep the dangerous
lunatics.
 Death of lunatics as the severest punishment for
insanity

9. CONT…
 U.K. psychiatrists studied the cultural taboos in
India about intoxicating substances and showed
great interest in the addition.
 The first Indian psychiatrists to be recognized by
the royal college of psychiatrists are Professor
Narendra Wig.

10. TRENDS IN INDEPENDENT INDIA
 Continued to care the mentally sick in asylums
 Increased the number of mental institutions
 Mental health development was the Bhore
committee report, 1946
 Increased the service capacity of individual
institutions

11. CONT…
 In 1960s, institute of mental health, Chennai
started providing specialized services
 Day hospital in 1960s
 Integrating mental health with general health
 Issues of stigma and loss of contact with the
family were easily obviated
 Occupational therapy and recreational facilities
were introduced.

12. CONT…
 Patients began to receive a wage, which helped
them to prepare for a life outside the hospital.
 Family interventions concept was introduced by
Dr. Vidyasagar at the Amritsar mental hospital.
 Mental hospital started catering to the physical
illness in patients. Radiology, laboratory, dental,
dermatology and EEG services were set in.

13. CONT…
 In 1942- 1960 research focus was on mental
health problems in community.
 On 1954, government of India established the all
India institute of mental health in Bangalore.
 Indian nursing council integrated mental health
nursing into the nursing curriculum in 1960s.

14. CURRENT TRENDS IN HEALTH CARE
1. Increased mental health problems
2. Provision for quality and comprehensive
services
3. Providing continuity of care & cost effective
care
4. Care is provided in alternative settings
5. Legal aspect in psychiatric nursing

15. CONT…
6. Changing demographics
7. Based on Quality rather than quantity
8. changes in pharmacology
9. Deinstitutionalisation

16. HEALTH CARE ISSUES
1. ECONOMIC ISSUES
• Caused by unemployed person they have more
income than ever

17. 2. SOCIAL ISSUES
• Issues of stigma associated with mental illness

18. 3. PROFESSIONAL ISSUES
• role of psychiatric nursing is blur
• Providing care were educated in the era.

19. 4. CLINICAL ISSUES
• Argue that they are overused or inappropriate
monitored.
PSYCHIATRIC
MEDICATION

20. CONT…
• Violence against nurses & other mental health
practitioners
VIOLENCE

21. CONT…
• Treat the child without their consent
ETHICAL ISSUES

22. 5. RESTRAINTS ISSUE
• used to restrain the extremities of an individual
whose behavior is out of control

23. 5. EDUCATIONAL ISSUES
• Advance technologies require advance education