This document discusses histoplasmosis, a fungal infection caused by Histoplasma capsulatum. It is usually acquired through inhalation of spores from bird droppings and causes symptoms like fever, cough, enlarged spleen and liver, and lymph node swelling. Oral manifestations can include ulcerated or nodular lesions on the mouth and gums. Histologically, the fungus is found inside phagocytes. Laboratory tests can show elevated alkaline phosphatase and detect antibodies. Severe cases are treated with the antifungal medication Amphotericin B.

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3. CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION.
2. CLINICAL FEATURES.
3. ORAL MANIFESTATIONS.
4. HISTOLOGIC FEATURES.
5. LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS.
6. TREATMENT.
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4. HISTOPLASMOSIS
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5. INTRODUCTION.
 Histoplasmosis is generalized fungal infection caused by
organism Histoplasma capsulatum.
Fig: Histoplasma capsulatum
 It is also known as Darling’s Disease.
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6.  It is usually acquired by inhalation of dust containing spores
of fungus, also contamination occur from excreta of birds
containing spores such as pigeons , starlings
.
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7. Clinical Features
 Chronic low grade fever, productive cough, splenomegaly ,
hepatomegaly &Lymphadenopathy.
 Anemia and leukopenia may be present.
 The infection may manifest as local lesions such as
subcutaneous nodules or suppurative arthritis.
 May Show positive histoplasmin skin reaction or calcified
pulmonary nodules as seen in TB.
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8. Type equation here.
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10. Lymphadenopathy 10

11. Fig : Calcified pulmonary nodules.
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12. Oral Manifestation.
 They appear as nodular , ulcerated , or vegetative
lesions on buccal mucosa, gingiva , tongue , palate or
lips.
 The ulcerated areas are usually covered by non-specific
gray membrane which is indurated with raised and rolled
out borders resembling carcinoma.
 Granulomatous lesion often cause alveolar bone
destruction.
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13. Fig : Ulcerative lesion showing destruction of gingival papilla.
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15. Histologic Features.
 Histoplasmosis is a granulomatous infection that affect
Reticuloendothelial system.
 The organism can be found in phagocytic cells and
appear as tiny intracellular structures.
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16. Histoplasma capsulatum within Macrophage
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17. LABORATORY
DIAGNOSIS
1. Complete blood count : Mild anemia may be present
in chronic pulmonary histoplasmosis.
2. Alkaline phosphatase and lactate
dehydrogenase:Alkaline phosphatase levels are elevated in
histoplasmosis.
3. Detection of Immunoprecipitating antibodies: Both Anti M
& Anti H antibody are detected in histoplasmosis. Anti-H
antibody is more specific for active histoplasmosis.
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18. Treatment.
 Pulmonary Histoplasmosis usually resolves
spontaneously , while severe forms of the disease
treated by Amphotericin B.
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19. THANK
YOU .
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