The document discusses the hinge axis, which is the imaginary line around which the mandible rotates through the sagittal plane. It defines the terminal hinge axis as the axis when the condyles are in their highest position. The kinematic hinge axis connects the rotational centers of the right and left condyles. There are different methods to locate the hinge axis, including arbitrary, kinematic, and modified techniques. Locating the hinge axis accurately is important for orienting the maxillary cast and transferring mandibular movements to the articulator.
This document provides an overview of hinge axis and facebows. It discusses the need to determine the plane of orientation between the maxilla and mandible. It defines hinge axis and terminal hinge axis. It describes different methods to locate the hinge axis including arbitrary, kinematic, and modified methods. It discusses the history, parts, types, and uses of facebows. It also reviews literature on different schools of thought around hinge axis and controversies in its location.
The human mandible can be related to the maxilla in several positions in the horizontal plane. Among these centric relation is a significant position, because of its usefulness in relating the dentulous and edentulous mandible to maxilla, where the teeth , muscles and temporomandibular joint function in harmony. It is a position of occluso-articular harmony.
This document provides an overview of Gothic arch tracing techniques used to record centric relation. It defines key terms and discusses the history and evolution of graphic recording methods from early needle point tracings to modern extraoral and intraoral tracers that produce Gothic arch tracings. The conventional extraoral technique is described in 12 steps, from mounting the tracers to making centric and protrusive plaster records. Intraoral tracings are noted to be smaller and harder to observe during tracing compared to extraoral methods.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
impression making-theories and techniques in complete denturePriyanka Makkar
The document discusses the history and theories of complete denture impression techniques. It describes how impression techniques have evolved since the 18th century from early methods using wax and plaster to modern elastomeric materials. The key theories discussed are the mucocompressive technique which records tissues under pressure, and the mucostatic technique which records tissues without distortion. The document also outlines the structures of the oral mucosa and classifications of impression techniques.
Arrangement of teeth in class 2 relationRohan Vadsola
This document discusses the arrangement of teeth for patients with a Class 2 malocclusion. Key points include:
- Teeth are arranged with a pronounced horizontal overlap in the front and canines positioned more posterior and lingually compared to a normal bite.
- Posterior teeth on the lower jaw may be trimmed or a premolar removed due to reduced space. Teeth with shallow inclines are selected to reduce stress.
- The upper premolars are tilted lingually and lower premolars buccally to provide stable contact between the arches.
- An atypical posterior tooth arrangement is described that provides natural positioning, a lingual contact concept of occlusion, and lever balance favorable for the compromised
The hinge axis is an imaginary line around which the mandible rotates in the sagittal plane. There are various theories on the location and nature of the hinge axis. Methods to locate it include arbitrary, kinematic, and modified techniques. Locating the hinge axis clinically is important for correctly recording centric relation and transferring jaw movements to an articulator. However, there are many patient and recording system variables that can affect the accuracy of hinge axis location.
This document discusses orientation jaw relations and the use of facebows to transfer jaw relations to articulators. It begins by defining jaw relations and describing the three types: orientation, vertical, and horizontal. Orientation jaw relations involve rotation around the hinge axis. The hinge axis is defined as an imaginary line passing through the condyles that the mandible rotates around without translation. The document discusses the history of locating the hinge axis and controversies around whether it can be accurately located. It describes methods of arbitrarily or kinematically locating the hinge axis and variables that can affect its location. The literature review discusses studies that have evaluated arbitrary versus kinematic axis locations.
This document provides an overview of hinge axis and facebows. It discusses the need to determine the plane of orientation between the maxilla and mandible. It defines hinge axis and terminal hinge axis. It describes different methods to locate the hinge axis including arbitrary, kinematic, and modified methods. It discusses the history, parts, types, and uses of facebows. It also reviews literature on different schools of thought around hinge axis and controversies in its location.
The human mandible can be related to the maxilla in several positions in the horizontal plane. Among these centric relation is a significant position, because of its usefulness in relating the dentulous and edentulous mandible to maxilla, where the teeth , muscles and temporomandibular joint function in harmony. It is a position of occluso-articular harmony.
This document provides an overview of Gothic arch tracing techniques used to record centric relation. It defines key terms and discusses the history and evolution of graphic recording methods from early needle point tracings to modern extraoral and intraoral tracers that produce Gothic arch tracings. The conventional extraoral technique is described in 12 steps, from mounting the tracers to making centric and protrusive plaster records. Intraoral tracings are noted to be smaller and harder to observe during tracing compared to extraoral methods.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
impression making-theories and techniques in complete denturePriyanka Makkar
The document discusses the history and theories of complete denture impression techniques. It describes how impression techniques have evolved since the 18th century from early methods using wax and plaster to modern elastomeric materials. The key theories discussed are the mucocompressive technique which records tissues under pressure, and the mucostatic technique which records tissues without distortion. The document also outlines the structures of the oral mucosa and classifications of impression techniques.
Arrangement of teeth in class 2 relationRohan Vadsola
This document discusses the arrangement of teeth for patients with a Class 2 malocclusion. Key points include:
- Teeth are arranged with a pronounced horizontal overlap in the front and canines positioned more posterior and lingually compared to a normal bite.
- Posterior teeth on the lower jaw may be trimmed or a premolar removed due to reduced space. Teeth with shallow inclines are selected to reduce stress.
- The upper premolars are tilted lingually and lower premolars buccally to provide stable contact between the arches.
- An atypical posterior tooth arrangement is described that provides natural positioning, a lingual contact concept of occlusion, and lever balance favorable for the compromised
The hinge axis is an imaginary line around which the mandible rotates in the sagittal plane. There are various theories on the location and nature of the hinge axis. Methods to locate it include arbitrary, kinematic, and modified techniques. Locating the hinge axis clinically is important for correctly recording centric relation and transferring jaw movements to an articulator. However, there are many patient and recording system variables that can affect the accuracy of hinge axis location.
This document discusses orientation jaw relations and the use of facebows to transfer jaw relations to articulators. It begins by defining jaw relations and describing the three types: orientation, vertical, and horizontal. Orientation jaw relations involve rotation around the hinge axis. The hinge axis is defined as an imaginary line passing through the condyles that the mandible rotates around without translation. The document discusses the history of locating the hinge axis and controversies around whether it can be accurately located. It describes methods of arbitrarily or kinematically locating the hinge axis and variables that can affect its location. The literature review discusses studies that have evaluated arbitrary versus kinematic axis locations.
Centric relation relevance and role in complete denture construction NAMITHA ANAND
This document discusses centric relation, which refers to the relationship between the mandible and skull when the condyles are in their most superior position in the mandibular fossa against the posterior slope of the articular eminence. It has gone through various changing definitions but is now widely accepted to mean the anterior-superior position. Recording centric relation is important for complete denture construction as it provides proprioceptive feedback and acts as the starting point for occlusion. There are various passive and active methods to retrude the mandible as well as intraoral and extraoral graphic methods to record the position.
The document discusses the Hanau Wide-Vue II articulator. It begins by providing Weinberg's classification of articulators and discusses the parts that make up the Hanau Wide-Vue II articulator. It then shows how to mount a facebow transfer on the articulator and program it using records. The document concludes by mentioning some accessories that can be used with the articulator and providing brief instructions for its care and maintenance.
The document discusses five factors that affect occlusal balance: condylar inclination, occlusal plane inclination, incisal guidance, cuspal inclination, and compensating curve. It explains that maintaining a balanced occlusion requires balancing these factors using Theilman's formula. If one factor such as incisal guidance is increased, another such as the compensating curve must also be increased to prevent posterior disclusion. Minimizing incisal guidance in complete dentures can help minimize imbalanced tipping forces.
The document discusses various die materials and systems used for indirect restorations. It defines a die as a positive reproduction of a prepared tooth used to fabricate restorations outside the mouth. Common die materials include gypsum, resins, metals and polymers, each with advantages and disadvantages. Removable die systems like dowel pins, Di-Lok and Pindex are discussed which allow repositioning of dies in the working cast for wax pattern fabrication. Proper selection of die material and system depends on factors like accuracy, strength and compatibility with impression materials.
Orientation relation with facebow and hinge axis and abvance in facebowPratik Hodar
This document provides information about orientation jaw relations and the terminal hinge axis. It defines orientation jaw relations as the relationship between the maxilla and cranium in the anteroposterior, lateral, and vertical planes. It discusses how the terminal hinge axis is the axis around which pure rotation occurs when the mouth is opened widely and the condyles are in their most superior position. The document also reviews the history of debates around the hinge axis and different studies that have been conducted on the topic.
The document discusses face bows, which are used to record the spatial relationship between the maxilla and temporomandibular joints. This allows for accurate transfer of jaw relations to an articulator. The document covers the history and evolution of face bows, from early prototypes to modern designs. It describes the parts of face bows including the U-shaped frame, condylar rods/earpieces, bite fork, and locking/reference points. Different types are classified including arbitrary, fascia, and earpiece models. The uses, advantages, and limitations of various designs are also outlined.
This document discusses clinical and laboratory remounting in complete dentures. It begins by introducing complete dentures and the importance of proper occlusion. Errors can occur during the fabrication process that affect occlusion. Remounting procedures, including laboratory and clinical remounting, are recommended to identify and correct occlusal errors. Laboratory remounting involves using a split-cast mounting technique to remount the dentures on an articulator after processing. Clinical remounting takes new interocclusal records in the patient's mouth and mounts the dentures on an articulator to correct errors made during the initial records. Selective grinding is then used to refine the occlusion based on the remount records.
8 - setting of teeth for class I, II and II arch relation ship (Edited)Amal Kaddah
Prosthetic Problems and possible solutions in Setting –up
of teeth for skeletal Class II and Class III arch relationship
of completely edentulous patients
Prof. Amal F. Kaddah
This document discusses different types of articulators used in prosthodontics. It begins by describing the basic parts of an articulator including the upper member, lower member, mounting plates, condylar analogues, condylar guidance, and incisal guide pin and table. It then discusses various individual articulators in more detail like the mean-value, Hanau, Whip-Mix, and Denar articulators. Key features and components of different Hanau articulator models are provided. Programming and mounting procedures are summarized briefly.
This document discusses various methods for remounting dentures, including direct correction in the mouth, laboratory remounting, and clinical remounting. Laboratory remounting involves fabricating remount casts of the dentures and mounting them on an articulator to eliminate deflective contacts through selective grinding. Clinical remounting techniques include split cast mounting, which involves constructing the maxillary cast in two parts to allow for easy removal and replacement of the casts. The modified split cast technique is also described as a timesaving clinical remount method. Remounting aims to improve denture occlusion and patient comfort by correcting errors that occurred during the fabrication process.
Vertical jaw relation in Complete Dentures- KellyKelly Norton
1) The vertical jaw relation refers to the distance between selected points on the face, usually the tip of the nose and chin, and aims to determine the optimal vertical dimension of occlusion for complete dentures.
2) There are several proposed theories for the physiologic rest position, including positions where the opening and closing muscles are in equilibrium or where elastic elements balance gravity, but no single method is universally valid.
3) Determining the vertical dimension at rest provides a reference point, being approximately 2-4mm less than the vertical dimension of occlusion, which is the distance between contact points with the teeth occluding.
This document discusses attachments used in prosthodontics. It begins with an introduction to attachments, defining them as mechanical devices used to retain and stabilize prostheses. The document then covers the history, classification, indications, disadvantages, and selection of attachments. It discusses both intracoronal and extracoronal attachments. In summary, the document provides an overview of attachments, their uses in prosthodontics, and factors to consider in selecting the appropriate attachment.
Temporary removable partial dentures are used for a limited period of time until a more definitive prosthesis can be provided. They serve several objectives like reestablishing esthetics, maintaining space, improving patient tolerance, and conditioning tissues. Some common types of temporary RPDs include interim, transitional, treatment, and immediate RPDs. Acrylic partial dentures are lightweight alternatives to metal partial dentures that are less expensive and easier to construct but also weaker and less hygienic. Their design incorporates acrylic resin, acrylic teeth, and wire clasps.
This document discusses the use of a face bow in dentistry. It begins by classifying jaw relations and defining important concepts like transverse axis and retruded contact position. It then describes the components and use of different types of face bows, including kinematic and arbitrary face bows. Key reference points are also outlined, such as orbitale and camper's plane. The document concludes by discussing the importance of using a face bow to accurately transfer the spatial relationship of jaws to an articulator.
This document discusses the neutral zone in complete dentures. It defines the neutral zone as the area in the mouth where forces from the tongue pressing outward are balanced by forces from the cheeks and lips pressing inward. It describes the muscles involved and how their forces influence tooth position and denture stability. It also discusses how the edentulous mouth changes over time, increasing the importance of properly recording the neutral zone for complete denture fabrication.
phonetics play an important role in planning and preparing complete denture for the complete edentulous patients.design of the prosthetic denture affects speech in a number of ways.
The document defines an articulator as a mechanical device that represents the temporomandibular joints and jaw members to attach dental casts and simulate jaw movements. Articulators are used to hold dental casts in a fixed relationship, simulate jaw movements like opening and closing, and reproduce border and intra-border tooth movements. They allow dentists to visualize occlusion, plan treatments, fabricate restorations, and arrange artificial teeth by simulating jaw movements without needing patient cooperation. Common components of articulators include upper and lower members to hold the casts, an incisal guide table, condylar guidance, and incisal pin to maintain relationships during jaw simulation. Articulators can be classified based on the occlusion theory they follow, the
The document discusses various concepts related to complete denture occlusion including:
- The history of dental occlusion in mammals and its development.
- Andrews' six keys to normal occlusion which are seen in natural dentition.
- Differences between natural tooth occlusion and artificial denture occlusion.
- Various occlusal schemes for complete dentures including balanced, lingualized, and monoplane occlusion.
- Requirements for incisive, working, and balancing units in occlusal schemes.
This document discusses centric jaw relation, including its definition, significance, and methods of recording. It begins by defining centric relation as the maxillomandibular relationship when the condyles are in their most superior and anterior position against the articular eminences, independently of tooth contact. The document then explores the changing definitions of centric relation over time and the anatomy of the temporomandibular joint as it relates to centric relation. It discusses the importance of centric relation in establishing harmony between centric occlusion and the jaw joints. Finally, it examines various static and functional methods for recording centric relation, such as chin point guidance, bimanual manipulation, and interocclusal records.
1) The document discusses different types of occlusion including mutually protected occlusion, group function occlusion, balanced occlusion, and occlusion for complete dentures, removable partial dentures, fixed partial dentures, and osseointegrated prostheses.
2) It describes the desirable characteristics of occlusion for each type of prosthesis, such as bilateral simultaneous contacts, anterior guidance, disclusion of posterior teeth on protrusion, and distribution of forces.
3) The key advantages of different occlusal schemes like mutually protected occlusion and group function occlusion are minimizing tooth contacts and distributing lateral pressures.
This presentation aims to shed light on the various aspects of the mandibular movement in the TMJ which is like a hinge axis. the presentation contains brief history, the various schools of thought regarding the validity and accuracy of locating the hinge axis. it talks about the various types of facebows and the various anterior and posterior points for reference employed by the arbitrary facebows.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Centric relation relevance and role in complete denture construction NAMITHA ANAND
This document discusses centric relation, which refers to the relationship between the mandible and skull when the condyles are in their most superior position in the mandibular fossa against the posterior slope of the articular eminence. It has gone through various changing definitions but is now widely accepted to mean the anterior-superior position. Recording centric relation is important for complete denture construction as it provides proprioceptive feedback and acts as the starting point for occlusion. There are various passive and active methods to retrude the mandible as well as intraoral and extraoral graphic methods to record the position.
The document discusses the Hanau Wide-Vue II articulator. It begins by providing Weinberg's classification of articulators and discusses the parts that make up the Hanau Wide-Vue II articulator. It then shows how to mount a facebow transfer on the articulator and program it using records. The document concludes by mentioning some accessories that can be used with the articulator and providing brief instructions for its care and maintenance.
The document discusses five factors that affect occlusal balance: condylar inclination, occlusal plane inclination, incisal guidance, cuspal inclination, and compensating curve. It explains that maintaining a balanced occlusion requires balancing these factors using Theilman's formula. If one factor such as incisal guidance is increased, another such as the compensating curve must also be increased to prevent posterior disclusion. Minimizing incisal guidance in complete dentures can help minimize imbalanced tipping forces.
The document discusses various die materials and systems used for indirect restorations. It defines a die as a positive reproduction of a prepared tooth used to fabricate restorations outside the mouth. Common die materials include gypsum, resins, metals and polymers, each with advantages and disadvantages. Removable die systems like dowel pins, Di-Lok and Pindex are discussed which allow repositioning of dies in the working cast for wax pattern fabrication. Proper selection of die material and system depends on factors like accuracy, strength and compatibility with impression materials.
Orientation relation with facebow and hinge axis and abvance in facebowPratik Hodar
This document provides information about orientation jaw relations and the terminal hinge axis. It defines orientation jaw relations as the relationship between the maxilla and cranium in the anteroposterior, lateral, and vertical planes. It discusses how the terminal hinge axis is the axis around which pure rotation occurs when the mouth is opened widely and the condyles are in their most superior position. The document also reviews the history of debates around the hinge axis and different studies that have been conducted on the topic.
The document discusses face bows, which are used to record the spatial relationship between the maxilla and temporomandibular joints. This allows for accurate transfer of jaw relations to an articulator. The document covers the history and evolution of face bows, from early prototypes to modern designs. It describes the parts of face bows including the U-shaped frame, condylar rods/earpieces, bite fork, and locking/reference points. Different types are classified including arbitrary, fascia, and earpiece models. The uses, advantages, and limitations of various designs are also outlined.
This document discusses clinical and laboratory remounting in complete dentures. It begins by introducing complete dentures and the importance of proper occlusion. Errors can occur during the fabrication process that affect occlusion. Remounting procedures, including laboratory and clinical remounting, are recommended to identify and correct occlusal errors. Laboratory remounting involves using a split-cast mounting technique to remount the dentures on an articulator after processing. Clinical remounting takes new interocclusal records in the patient's mouth and mounts the dentures on an articulator to correct errors made during the initial records. Selective grinding is then used to refine the occlusion based on the remount records.
8 - setting of teeth for class I, II and II arch relation ship (Edited)Amal Kaddah
Prosthetic Problems and possible solutions in Setting –up
of teeth for skeletal Class II and Class III arch relationship
of completely edentulous patients
Prof. Amal F. Kaddah
This document discusses different types of articulators used in prosthodontics. It begins by describing the basic parts of an articulator including the upper member, lower member, mounting plates, condylar analogues, condylar guidance, and incisal guide pin and table. It then discusses various individual articulators in more detail like the mean-value, Hanau, Whip-Mix, and Denar articulators. Key features and components of different Hanau articulator models are provided. Programming and mounting procedures are summarized briefly.
This document discusses various methods for remounting dentures, including direct correction in the mouth, laboratory remounting, and clinical remounting. Laboratory remounting involves fabricating remount casts of the dentures and mounting them on an articulator to eliminate deflective contacts through selective grinding. Clinical remounting techniques include split cast mounting, which involves constructing the maxillary cast in two parts to allow for easy removal and replacement of the casts. The modified split cast technique is also described as a timesaving clinical remount method. Remounting aims to improve denture occlusion and patient comfort by correcting errors that occurred during the fabrication process.
Vertical jaw relation in Complete Dentures- KellyKelly Norton
1) The vertical jaw relation refers to the distance between selected points on the face, usually the tip of the nose and chin, and aims to determine the optimal vertical dimension of occlusion for complete dentures.
2) There are several proposed theories for the physiologic rest position, including positions where the opening and closing muscles are in equilibrium or where elastic elements balance gravity, but no single method is universally valid.
3) Determining the vertical dimension at rest provides a reference point, being approximately 2-4mm less than the vertical dimension of occlusion, which is the distance between contact points with the teeth occluding.
This document discusses attachments used in prosthodontics. It begins with an introduction to attachments, defining them as mechanical devices used to retain and stabilize prostheses. The document then covers the history, classification, indications, disadvantages, and selection of attachments. It discusses both intracoronal and extracoronal attachments. In summary, the document provides an overview of attachments, their uses in prosthodontics, and factors to consider in selecting the appropriate attachment.
Temporary removable partial dentures are used for a limited period of time until a more definitive prosthesis can be provided. They serve several objectives like reestablishing esthetics, maintaining space, improving patient tolerance, and conditioning tissues. Some common types of temporary RPDs include interim, transitional, treatment, and immediate RPDs. Acrylic partial dentures are lightweight alternatives to metal partial dentures that are less expensive and easier to construct but also weaker and less hygienic. Their design incorporates acrylic resin, acrylic teeth, and wire clasps.
This document discusses the use of a face bow in dentistry. It begins by classifying jaw relations and defining important concepts like transverse axis and retruded contact position. It then describes the components and use of different types of face bows, including kinematic and arbitrary face bows. Key reference points are also outlined, such as orbitale and camper's plane. The document concludes by discussing the importance of using a face bow to accurately transfer the spatial relationship of jaws to an articulator.
This document discusses the neutral zone in complete dentures. It defines the neutral zone as the area in the mouth where forces from the tongue pressing outward are balanced by forces from the cheeks and lips pressing inward. It describes the muscles involved and how their forces influence tooth position and denture stability. It also discusses how the edentulous mouth changes over time, increasing the importance of properly recording the neutral zone for complete denture fabrication.
phonetics play an important role in planning and preparing complete denture for the complete edentulous patients.design of the prosthetic denture affects speech in a number of ways.
The document defines an articulator as a mechanical device that represents the temporomandibular joints and jaw members to attach dental casts and simulate jaw movements. Articulators are used to hold dental casts in a fixed relationship, simulate jaw movements like opening and closing, and reproduce border and intra-border tooth movements. They allow dentists to visualize occlusion, plan treatments, fabricate restorations, and arrange artificial teeth by simulating jaw movements without needing patient cooperation. Common components of articulators include upper and lower members to hold the casts, an incisal guide table, condylar guidance, and incisal pin to maintain relationships during jaw simulation. Articulators can be classified based on the occlusion theory they follow, the
The document discusses various concepts related to complete denture occlusion including:
- The history of dental occlusion in mammals and its development.
- Andrews' six keys to normal occlusion which are seen in natural dentition.
- Differences between natural tooth occlusion and artificial denture occlusion.
- Various occlusal schemes for complete dentures including balanced, lingualized, and monoplane occlusion.
- Requirements for incisive, working, and balancing units in occlusal schemes.
This document discusses centric jaw relation, including its definition, significance, and methods of recording. It begins by defining centric relation as the maxillomandibular relationship when the condyles are in their most superior and anterior position against the articular eminences, independently of tooth contact. The document then explores the changing definitions of centric relation over time and the anatomy of the temporomandibular joint as it relates to centric relation. It discusses the importance of centric relation in establishing harmony between centric occlusion and the jaw joints. Finally, it examines various static and functional methods for recording centric relation, such as chin point guidance, bimanual manipulation, and interocclusal records.
1) The document discusses different types of occlusion including mutually protected occlusion, group function occlusion, balanced occlusion, and occlusion for complete dentures, removable partial dentures, fixed partial dentures, and osseointegrated prostheses.
2) It describes the desirable characteristics of occlusion for each type of prosthesis, such as bilateral simultaneous contacts, anterior guidance, disclusion of posterior teeth on protrusion, and distribution of forces.
3) The key advantages of different occlusal schemes like mutually protected occlusion and group function occlusion are minimizing tooth contacts and distributing lateral pressures.
This presentation aims to shed light on the various aspects of the mandibular movement in the TMJ which is like a hinge axis. the presentation contains brief history, the various schools of thought regarding the validity and accuracy of locating the hinge axis. it talks about the various types of facebows and the various anterior and posterior points for reference employed by the arbitrary facebows.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
This document provides an overview of orientation jaw relation, terminal hinge axis, and facebow. It defines key terms and discusses the history, controversies, and methods of locating the terminal hinge axis. Specifically:
- The orientation jaw relation refers to the relationship between the maxilla, mandible, and cranium, where the mandible can rotate around an imaginary transverse axis passing through the condyles.
- There is no consensus on the exact location of the terminal hinge axis, with some arguing it can be precisely located and others believing it is arbitrary or that multiple axes may exist.
- A facebow is used to transfer the maxillary cast orientation from the patient's mouth to an artic
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Face bow /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting
training center with best faculty and flexible training programs
for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental
practice,Offers certified courses in Dental
implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic
Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting
training center with best faculty and flexible training programs
for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental
practice,Offers certified courses in Dental
implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic
Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Jaw relation and facebow transfer / Dental Crown and bridge coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
The document discusses the importance of accurately transferring jaw relationships to an articulator. It describes the significance of the facebow in recording the maxillomandibular relationship, including the orientation of the jaws to the cranium. The document outlines the history of the facebow, types of facebows, and how to perform a facebow recording. The facebow is essential for transferring jaw relationships to simulate jaw movements when fabricating dental prostheses.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
The document discusses articulators, which are mechanical devices that simulate jaw movement for denture fabrication. It defines articulators and covers their history from early plaster models to modern computerized devices. Key points include:
- Articulators allow dentures to be worked on externally while simulating jaw movements for a more accurate fit.
- Early models were simple hinged or plaster devices, while modern ones can record complex jaw trajectories electronically.
- Articulators are classified based on the type of jaw movement they allow (hinged, average paths, patient-specific paths) and how they are adjusted (interocclusal records, graphic records, facebow transfer).
- An ideal articulator accurately
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
DEFINITION
THE EVOLUTION OF THE FACEBOW
CLASSIFICATION OF FACEBOW
ANTERIOR REFERENCE POINT
POSTERIOR REFERENCE POINT
PARTS OF FACEBOW
ADVANTAGES
WHAT IF FACEBOW IS NOT USED
CONCLUSION
DEFINITION OF FACEBOW
A caliper like instrument used to record the spatial relationship of the maxillary arch to some anatomic reference point or points and then transfer this relationship to an articulator; it orients the dental cast in the same relationship to the opening axis of the articulator; customarily the anatomic references are the mandibular transverse horizontal axis and one other selected anterior reference point. (GPT 9)
HISTORY OF FACEBOW
HISTORY OF FACEBOW
A.D. Gritman gave the statement : the implement devised by Prof. Snow as a bow of metal that reaches around the face. The face-bow is also a convenient instrument for supporting the casts while they are being attached to the articulator” : hence the term “FACEBOW”
According to Prothero , Thomas L.Gilmer was the first to suggest the principle of a face bow in a paper presented at a meeting of the Illinois State Dental Society in 1882.
Richmond S. Hayes (1880): introduced the first example of functional facebow like device intended for locating the position of casts correctly in the articulator.
George B. Snow (1899): is credited for the development of modern traditional facebow.
THE EVOLUTION OF THE FACEBOW
BONWILL – 1860
The distance between the centre of the CONDYLE and the MEDIAN INCISAL POINT OF THE LOWER TEETH - 10cm.
BALKWILL – 1866
The angle formed by the occlusal plane of the teeth and the line passing through the condyle to the incisal line of the lower teeth - 22 – 30 degrees
He could also determine approximately the distance from each condyles and ‘the front of the gums.
THE ARTICULATING CALIPER
Richmond S. Hayes - 1889
Did not enable a fixed transfer or three dimensional orientation of the cast to the articulator.
With discs C, placed on the cheeks over the condyles and the point of rod D pressed into the wax occlusion rim, this one relationship was used to determine the position of cast in the articulator.
FACIAL CLINOMETER
WILLAM E. WALKER – 1896.
Was used only for measurement of the condylar inclination.
First instrument deviced to determine the individual relationship and movements of the mandible for the purpose of constructing mechanisms for imitating these movements.
GYSI CONDYLE PATH REGISTER
GYSI – Towards the end of the 19Th Century
With the condylar graphic tracing device and incisor point marker Gysi was capable of tracing the gothic arch as well as the condyle paths on both vertical and horizontal plane.
THE PLANE OF ORIENTATION
A horizontal plane established on the face of the patient by one anterior reference point and two posterior reference points from which measurements of the posterior anatomic determinants of occlusion and mandibular motions are made. (GPT-9)
Two points
1. Gothic arch tracing is a method to record mandibular border movements using an intraoral or extraoral tracing device. It produces a tracing resembling an arrowhead that indicates the position of centric relation.
2. Various factors can affect the accuracy of centric records in edentulous patients, including instability of records, resiliency of tissues, and materials and equipment used.
3. Different types of tracings provide information about condyle positioning and joint health, such as typical, flatform, and asymmetrical tracings. Proper evaluation of the gothic arch tracing is important.
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Lecture 4 Face-bow and m Articulators pdfssuserd8d666
1. A face-bow is used to transfer the spatial relationship of the maxillary arch to anatomical reference points on the skull to an articulator, allowing the path of jaw opening and closing to be replicated.
2. There are two main types of face-bows: kinematic face-bows, which locate the true axis of rotation, and arbitrary face-bows, which use average measurements to approximate the axis.
3. Articulators can be classified based on their adjustability as non-adjustable, semi-adjustable, or fully-adjustable. More adjustable articulators allow better replication of jaw movements.
Mean Value Articulator Classification
Classification According to Adjustability of Articulators:
Nonadjustable Articulators:
Semiadjustable Articulators:
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5-hydroxytryptamine or 5-HT or Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that serves a range of roles in the human body. It is sometimes referred to as the happy chemical since it promotes overall well-being and happiness.
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3. CONTENTS
• Introduction
• Definition
• Hinge axis
• Terminal hinge axis
• Kinematic hinge axis
• Review of literature
• Mechanism of hinge axis
• Schools of thought
• Methods of locating hinge axis
• facebow
• Importance of hinge axis
7. ROTATION-rotation
the body is turning
about an axis .
TRANSLATION-When
all the points within a
body have identical
motion
8. HINGE AXIS
It is defined as imaginary line between mandibular
condyles around which mandible can rotate through the
saggital plane (GPT-8)
9. TERMINAL HINGE AXIS
•When the condyles are in their most superior
position in the articular fossae and the mouth is
purely rotated , the axis around which movement
occurs is called the ‘Terminal Hinge Axis’.(gpt-8)
10. Horizontal axis around which condyles rotate during opening
closing movement up to a range of 20-25 mm.
Hinge axis ---- stable, reproducible and repeatable.
Used as an important reference in mounting casts onto articulator
11. When patient closes
the mandible in
trained circular
motion the transverse
hinge axis is center of
its circular motion &
not moving
Weinberg LA J Prosthet Dent 1958; 11: 32-42.
12. When patient opens
his mouth normally
condyles translate &
transverse hinge axis
moves
Weinberg ; JPD(1958)
13. KINEMATICS AND KINEMATIC AXIS
Kinematic axis - The tranverse horizontal axis
connecting the rotational centres of the right and
left condyles.(GPT-8)
14. •The opening movement to
bring the jaw from occlusal
to rest position is almost a
pure hinge movement.
•Here the mandible moves on
an arc of a circle with a
definite radius from the TM J
15. •Relation of maxilla to the
opening and closing axis has
to be determined
•Opening and closing axis can
be located when the
mandible is in its most
posterior position by means
of a FACE BOW
16. REVIEW OF LITERATURE
campion
• first graphic record of mandibular movements on
patient. He used a basic form of pantograph
Bennet
• point out that the mandible was capable of two
independent movements; one, an angular rotation
about the condyle, the other a translation movement
produced by the gliding of the condyle along its path.
Mc
collum
• Reported discovery of the postive method of locating
this axis.(1921)
17. REVIEW OF LITERATURE….
Kurth &
Feinstein
• Hinge axis location was an approximate and
could not be located with a high degree of
accuracy.
TRAPAZZANO
&
LAZZARI
• Patients have more than one terminal hinge axis.
• The concept that only one terminal hinge axis exists is
fallacious.
PAGE
• In 1951 suggested the existence of 2 mutually
independent non-collinear axes. He theorized that since
mandible is asymmetric in shape and size, condyles
can’t lie in a common plane of orientation
18. REVIEW OF LITERATURE….
GRANGE
R (1954)
• Put an end to misconception of split hinge axis saying
that it was not possible for a rigid body to revolve around
two diff axes
POSSELT
(1958)
• Said that the pure hinge movement can be isolated & be
used as a landmark for jaw registration & be reproduced
on the articulator
WIENBERG
(1959)
• Has been the leading authority on this subject & found
that marked deviation of hinge axis resulting from
arbitrary location could cause marked anteroposterior
mandibular displacement even with small change in
vertical dimension
19. SCHOOLS OF THOUGHT
Group I
Absolute location
of hinge axis
Group II
Group III
Group IV
Arbitrary location
of hinge axis
Non believers in
transverse axis
location
Split axis location
20. •masticatory movement and can not be disregarded.
• hinge axis of the articulator is not the same as the hinge axis
of the patient
mechanical reproduction of jaw motions are impossible.
Absolute location of the axis
THE TRANSVERSE HINGE AXIS: REAL OR IMAGINARY:JPD:Oct.1, 959
Believe that there is a definitive transvers axis and should
be located
21. 1.With the use of face-bow the articulator axis can
be related to the maxillary cast in the same way as
the anatomic axis is related to human maxilla.
2. The mandibular hinge axis and maxillary hinge
axis are coincided using a centric relation record.
3.path of closure of mandible and the articulator
will be the same
THE TRANSVERSE HINGE AXIS: REAL OR IMAGINARY:JPD:Oct.1, 959
22. •accurate location of hinge axis little value and
proposes the effortless
arbitrary location is sufficient.
Arbitrary location of axis
THE TRANSVERSE HINGE AXIS: REAL OR IMAGINARY:JPD:Oct.1, 959
23. But according to group 1
this group fails to recognize that if the hinge axis of
the patient and the articulator are not coinciding the
path of closure will not be the same.
THE TRANSVERSE HINGE AXIS: REAL OR IMAGINARY:JPD:Oct.1, 959
24. Non Believers In Transverse Axis Location
•Impossible to locate transverse hinge position with accuracy.
•Sense of perception and delicacy of touch are keener in some
individual than in others.
•According to Lauritzen and wolford and kurth and feinsten ‘-
any number of points within the range of 2mm considered
point of rotation
Aull AE J Prosthet Dent 1963; 13: 469-479
25. •Follow Transographic theory.
•Each condyle rotates independently of other.
Split axis theory
THE TRANSVERSE HINGE AXIS: REAL OR IMAGINARY:JPD:Oct.1, 959
26. pa
• Page
• Mandible is asymmetric
the condyles cannot lie
in a common plane of
orientation
• Condyles are gross
irregular objects
27.
28.
29. Methods of Locating Hinge Axis
A. Loma-linda hinge axis recording device and method.
B. Buhnergraph intraoral method.
C. Technique using geometric principle to locate hinge
axis.
D. Abdal-Hadi's technique of locating arbitrary hinge
axis.
Arbitrary methods Kinematic methods
Modified techniques
30. ARBITRARY METHOD
arbitrary posterior reference points based on average,
anatomic landmarks
popular due to their ease of the use compared to
trial-and-error method of locating the kinematic axis.
32. An alternative method of locating hinge axis
arbitrarily is by Method of palpation given by
DAWSON.
33. Kinematic Method
• First actual Kinematic location was evolved -California
Gnathological Society
under the leadership of Dr.B.B Mc Collum by the “trial
and error method”.
• The Kinematic face bow is used to locate and transfer the true
hinge axis.
34. Fabrication of
clutches
Attachment
of clutches
to jaws
Attachment of
face bow and
graph paper
assembly
Mandibular
movements to
record THA
points
Tattooing
of THA
points on
the skin
Face bow
transfer to
the
articulator
35. Kinematic Method
• First actual Kinematic location was evolved -California
Gnathological Society
under the leadership of Dr.B.B Mc Collum by the “trial
and error method”.
• The Kinematic face bow is used to locate and transfer the true
hinge axis.
40. Other methods used to determine true
hinge axis
1. Electronic mathematical method
2. Stereognathography
3. Noire – Fringe Method
4. Digital recording system
5. Computerized axiograph ( Axiotron )
41. Methods of Locating Hinge Axis
A. Loma-linda hinge axis recording device and method.
B. Buhnergraph intraoral method.
C. Technique using geometric principle to locate hinge
axis.
D. Abdal-Hadi's technique of locating arbitrary hinge
axis.
Modified techniques
42. Loma-linda hinge axis recording device and method
• resiliency of the oral mucosa
• added weight to the recording
clutch which tends to shift the
denture base
• time-consuming nature
Loma Linda hinge-axis recording
device and face-bows for use on
edentulous patients.
43. Buhnergraph intraoral method
Used to record terminal hinge axis, with the help of an
instrument called Buhnergraph
success of this technique lies in the accurate location of centric
relation at 2 different degrees of jaw separation.
Ashu Sharma, R. Rahul, Soorya T. Poduval et al. HINGE AXIS -AN OVERVIEW International Journal of
Clinical Dentistry Volume 5, Number 3
44. Technique using geometric principle
to locate hinge axis
Gunderson and parker
rapid method for locating the mandibular transverse
horizontal axis of a patient with accuracy.
Does not use an arbitrary posterior reference point
Ashu Sharma, R. Rahul, Soorya T. Poduval et al. HINGE AXIS -AN OVERVIEW International
Journal of Clinical Dentistry Volume 5, Number 3
45. graph paper attached - facial sidearm
clutch is attached - mandibular teeth
microadjustable axis location
assembly is placed over the
millimeter grid.
graphic stylus
series of arcs-anterior and inferior region
46. • One or more of the arcs are selected from the
anterior and inferior groupings.
• A line perpendicular to a tangent of each of
these arcs .
center of rotation, or the hinge axis reference
point
47. • New arbitrary method
• Y = 9.5 c 0.95 (X)
Y = width profile of the face measured from the
ectocanthion to the center of the external auditory meatus
X = anterioposterior position of kinematic point
Abdal-Hadi's technique
Ashu Sharma, R. Rahul, Soorya T. Poduval et al. HINGE AXIS -AN OVERVIEW International Journal of Clinical
Dentistry Volume 5, Number 3
48. FACEBOW
Caliper like instrument used to record the spatial
relationship of the maxillary arch to some anatomic
reference point or points and then transfer this
relationship to an articulator; it orients the dental cast
in the same relationship to the opening axis of the
articulator”.(GPT-8)
50. Types of face bows
Arbitrary face bow Kinematic face bow
Ear piece type Fascia type
Hanau Spring bow
Denar slidematic
ear bow
Whip-Mix quick
mount
Hanau Spring bow
Hanau fascia
type C- type
Denar fascia
face bow
Hanau Kinematic
model D
Whip-mix quickset
recorder
Denar Kinematic bow
51. Arbitrary face bow Kinematic face bow
• Use of arbitrary measurements to
locate hinge axis
• Bite fork is attached to maxillary
occlusal rims
• Does not require elaborate
equipments
• Locates the hinge axis
physiologically with
exceptional accuracy
• Bite fork is attached to
mandibular arch.
• Require specific equipments
52. • Easy and quick
• Practically more acceptable
• Only determine the orientation
of maxilla
• No attachments to mandible
so exceptionally stable record
base not required
• Require skill and time
consuming
• Advantages being
more theoretical
• Determine orientation
relation and centric
relation together.
• Require stable record
bases
53. Rationale of Hinge axis
• Serves to orientate the maxillae
• To record the static starting point for functional
mandibular movements.
Ashu Sharma, R. Rahul, Soorya T. Poduval et al. HINGE AXIS -AN OVERVIEW International Journal of
Clinical Dentistry Volume 5, Number 3
54. Chair-side and laboratory procedures - shortened if an accurate hinge axis
could be located
Once objective is achieved, dentists can
(1) Alter the vertical dimension of occlusion on the articulator.
(2) Obtain centric relation records and verify them at the try-in at an
altered vertical dimension of occlusion.
Rationale of Hinge axis
Ashu Sharma, R. Rahul, Soorya T. Poduval et al. HINGE AXIS -AN OVERVIEW International
Journal of Clinical Dentistry Volume 5, Number 3
55. Rationale of Hinge axis
(3) Minimize the remounting procedures to perfect the occlusal
scheme.
(4) Develop an occlusion which would preserve and restore oral
function
Ashu Sharma, R. Rahul, Soorya T. Poduval et al. HINGE AXIS -AN OVERVIEW International Journal of
Clinical Dentistry Volume 5, Number 3
56. `
Arc of curvature Is during opening and closing of mandible.
Each individual Is unique .it has different shape of skull and
condyle. But it is mandatory to find hinge axis using
arbitrary or kinematic method
CONCLUSIONS
57. Reference
• text book of complete denture –heartwell 5th edition
• ashu sharma, r. rahul, soorya t. poduval et al. hinge axis -an
overview international journal of clinical dentistry volume 5,
number 3
• the transverse hinge axis: real or imaginary:jpd:oct 1959
• bouchers prosthodontics treatment for edentulolus patient
• hinge axis part 1 the transverse hinge axis jpd 1960;10;436
• hinge axis part 2 geometric significance of the transverse axis
jpd 1960;10;631
Editor's Notes
There r 3 anatomical planes-
Saggital plane –any vertical plane which is parallel to median plane and divides into
Coronsl plane-which is parallel to long axis of the body and divide into
Transverse plane-which is perpendicular to coronal plane and sagittal plane
Hinge axis is a component of ..
This group believed that
School stated that
Craddock states “But the search for the axis, in addition to being troublesome, is of no more than academic interest, for it will never be found to lie more than a few millimeters distant from the assumed center in the condyle itself
Group 4. Split-axis rotation. They believe in the transograph theory. That each condyle has its own center of rotation. i.e. two axes that parallel each other.Aull's study disproved the transograph theory
Beyron point-13mm ant to post margin of tragus on line extending from tragus to outer cantu of eye
Gysi – 13mm ant to ant margin of EAM ON LINE extending from superios margin of EAM tp outer cantus of eye
Begstrom line-10mm anterior to centre of spherical inert 7mm below FHP
Denar – 12mm anterior to posterior border of the tragus and 5mm inferior to the line extending from the superior border of the tragus to the outer canthus of the eye.
Beyron’s point
d.Teteruck and Lundeen’s point
e.Experimental point
broken point-
Frankfort’s horizontal plane
Steps:
Tattooing of THA points on the skin
Face bow transfer to the articulator
Attachment of facebow and graph asembly
Consists of two face bows, one fixed to the maxilla and the other to the mandible.
One holds the writing devices, the other recording tables.
In practice six writing or records
One is an anterior - an arrow point tracing,
one is near the condyle to trace the horizontal movement path of a point near the condyles,
perpendicular to the second, to record the vertical movement path of a point near the condyle.
There are presently three appliances available … designed by GUICHET, GRANGER and third by STUART.
BASED ON Split axis theory
There is no mechanical connection btw two condylar bearing as in conventional
Thus each axial centre is independent of the other
Inetrcondlyar distance is adjustable
The opponents of use of a kinematic hinge-axis location for edentulous patients point to
its unreliability because
Of hinge axis locator
is inserted in place of the axis locator pin and positioned in the
anterior region of the graph paper.
are scribed by gently guiding the patient in repeated retruded (hinge)
opening movements
Better technique den others
CORELATION BTW PROFILE WIDTH OF FACE AND KINAMETIC POINT
U shaped frame
Condylar rods
Bite fork
Locking device
Orbital pointer with clamp
According to Weinberg the transverse hinge axis plus one other anterior point serves to locate the maxillae in space