Blue Rock lies forgotten at the base of Cedar Hill. In the 1880s, the settlement rose on a sulfurous spring where Blue Rock and Doan Brooks meet. We explore the locale’s natural setting and historical players–and make sense of crazy landscape change. Hike great local terrain while learning the past, present and (possible) future of one of Cleveland’s special places.
The presentation lays a framework for understanding the evolution of the Portage Escarpment in the Cleveland area. On Lake Erie's south shore, the Portage Escarpment is the terrain transition between North America's Appalachian Highland and Central Lowland provinces. Lake Erie and its lake plain lie in the lowland province. Cleveland's East Side Heights lies on the escarpment. Portage, Summit, and Medina counties lie in the highland province.
Euclid Creek window
Our window into escarpment evolution is the stream-cut bedrock sequence at the Quarry Picnic Area of the Euclid Creek Reservation in South Euclid, Ohio. The sequence features two of the escarpment's three sandstone formations: the Berea Sandstone and, below, the Euclid bluestone (Bedford Formation).
Deep History
To comprehend the relationship between natural and anthropogenic terrain evolutions, the 'deep history' perspective is introduced. Deep history views urban landscapes as the weave of natural and cultural forces. The deep history perspectives of Daniel Lord Smail, David Christian, Edward O. Wilson and the Eco-Modernists are introduced.
Event Cycles
The deep history perspective views landscape evolution as a series of two-phased cycles. In deposition phase, landscape is built up as natural sediment and/or anthropogenic transformation. In erosion phase, landscape is torn down with stream cutting and/or urban abandonment.
Bedrock Deposition
The Euclid bluestone and Berea Sandstone were deposited ~350 Ma in a shallow sea fronting the rising Appalachian Mountains to the east. The sandstones typify deposits in a fold belt foreland basin. An analog can be found in the Persian Gulf, in the foreland basin fronting the Zagros Mountains fold belt in Iran and Iraq.
Glacial Retreat and Stream Formation
In terms of natural process, the current Portage Escarpment landscape took shape as the last glacier retreated northward and meltwater cut deep ravines into the local bedrock sequence. By about 16 ka, small streams began flowing southward to the Chagrin and Cuyahoga Rivers. After 16 ka, newer small streams, including Euclid Creek began flowing northward from current Shaker Heights.
Anthropogenic Landscapes
As we see evidence for Portage Escarpment terrain evolution at Euclid Creek, the human transformations loom large. The area was extensively quarried during the nineteenth century. Moreover, as urban development has paved much of the Euclid Creek watershed, the stream is subject to flood events which can quickly change the local stream bed. Many historic Metroparks infrastructure components are highly eroded.
Mt. Baldy is a unique Euclidian Place, well known from afar but rarely visited. Access is private and the precipice is dangerous.
The place name has changed through the years. First called Long Point, it later became Old Baldy. More common now is Mt. Baldy.
The actively eroding shale cliff provides a window onto the Late Devonian Age of Fishes sea bottom of 370 million years ago.
Mt Baldy seems firmly in place, but it formed just 14,000 years ago and, in geological time, is rapidly mass wasting into Euclid Creek.
Alaska has a dark blue state flag with eight stars symbolizing the Big Dipper and North Star. Its coastline is longer than the continental US and it borders Canada and Russia. The three largest cities are Anchorage, Juneau, and Fairbanks. Alaska has diverse geography including over 3 million lakes, 17 of the 20 tallest mountains in North America, and active volcanoes. Popular industries include fishing, tourism, oil, mining, and timber. Famous attractions include glaciers, the northern lights, and annual events like the Iditarod and Fairbanks Ice Festival.
Christmas in Ireland lasts from Christmas Eve to Epiphany on January 6th. While Ireland's Christmas celebrations include traditional Christian rituals like lighting candles, they also incorporate unique Irish traditions such as leaving out bread and milk as a symbol of hospitality. The birth of Jesus is celebrated in remembrance of when Mary gave birth to him in a stable in Bethlehem after traveling there for a census while pregnant.
The document describes Sal's journey across the United States from Euclid, Ohio to Lewiston, Idaho traveling along major landmarks and cities along Interstate 90. Students are instructed to follow along on a map, marking cities and landmarks visited. The journey takes Sal through 11 states, visiting notable places like Chicago, the Black Hills of South Dakota, Yellowstone National Park, and ending in Lewiston, Idaho, learning about Native American history along the route.
Colorado became the 38th state on August 1, 1876. Its flag features a blue sky and white mountains. Colorado's population has grown from around 40,000 in 1876 to over 5 million today. Major cities include Denver, the capital, and Colorado Springs, home to the U.S. Air Force Academy. Colorado is known for its Rocky Mountains, skiing, mountain climbing and casinos. Famous residents include Tim Allen and Ralph Edwards.
This document provides a summary of topics related to North Carolina for each letter of the alphabet from A to Y. Some of the topics covered include the Albermarle Sound under A, black bears under B, the Colonial Spanish Mustang under C, dogwood being the state flower under D, Elizabeth Hanford Dole under E, the Fraser Fir tree under F, Grandfather Mountain under G, honey bees being the state insect under H, the Isabella Moth Caterpillar under I, Jockey's Ridge sand dunes under J, Kitty Hawk under K, the Lost Colony under L, milk being the state beverage under M, the New River under N, the Ocracoke L
A presentation given for The Community Library on June 23, 2015, by John Lundin about Guyer Hot Springs resort and Hailey Hot Springs resort. This Power Point presentation uses old photographs and historic materials to discuss two of the hot springs resorts that brought legions of visitors into the Wood River Valley in the late 1800s and early 1900s. Both resorts required significant investment to develop, were actively promoted by the railroad, served both locals and tourists, and were important parts of the valley’s social calendar. The Hailey Hot Springs Resort, located in Croy Canyon, was developed by Robert E. Strahorn, a publicist for Union Pacific Railroad, who was instrumental in bringing the Oregon Short Line Railroad into the Wood River Valley. The resort hotel burned down in 1899, after being visited by dignitaries such as Jay Gould and others who traveled on their private railroad cars. Guyer Hot Springs Resort, located on Warm Springs Creek just west of the ski lift, was the center of Ketchum social activities in the 1890s and early 1900s. The resort ended in 1929, when its owner brought hot springs water to a newly constructed Bald Mountain Hot Springs Lodge on Main Street. The hot springs water was used for heating the Lodge’s units, and to fill its giant swimming pool, where many valley residents swam in the summer. The old Guyer Hot Springs Hotel was torn down in 1937, and used to build the St. Georg Hotel on Main Street, which became Ketchum’s finest. The St. Georg burned down in 1939.
The presentation lays a framework for understanding the evolution of the Portage Escarpment in the Cleveland area. On Lake Erie's south shore, the Portage Escarpment is the terrain transition between North America's Appalachian Highland and Central Lowland provinces. Lake Erie and its lake plain lie in the lowland province. Cleveland's East Side Heights lies on the escarpment. Portage, Summit, and Medina counties lie in the highland province.
Euclid Creek window
Our window into escarpment evolution is the stream-cut bedrock sequence at the Quarry Picnic Area of the Euclid Creek Reservation in South Euclid, Ohio. The sequence features two of the escarpment's three sandstone formations: the Berea Sandstone and, below, the Euclid bluestone (Bedford Formation).
Deep History
To comprehend the relationship between natural and anthropogenic terrain evolutions, the 'deep history' perspective is introduced. Deep history views urban landscapes as the weave of natural and cultural forces. The deep history perspectives of Daniel Lord Smail, David Christian, Edward O. Wilson and the Eco-Modernists are introduced.
Event Cycles
The deep history perspective views landscape evolution as a series of two-phased cycles. In deposition phase, landscape is built up as natural sediment and/or anthropogenic transformation. In erosion phase, landscape is torn down with stream cutting and/or urban abandonment.
Bedrock Deposition
The Euclid bluestone and Berea Sandstone were deposited ~350 Ma in a shallow sea fronting the rising Appalachian Mountains to the east. The sandstones typify deposits in a fold belt foreland basin. An analog can be found in the Persian Gulf, in the foreland basin fronting the Zagros Mountains fold belt in Iran and Iraq.
Glacial Retreat and Stream Formation
In terms of natural process, the current Portage Escarpment landscape took shape as the last glacier retreated northward and meltwater cut deep ravines into the local bedrock sequence. By about 16 ka, small streams began flowing southward to the Chagrin and Cuyahoga Rivers. After 16 ka, newer small streams, including Euclid Creek began flowing northward from current Shaker Heights.
Anthropogenic Landscapes
As we see evidence for Portage Escarpment terrain evolution at Euclid Creek, the human transformations loom large. The area was extensively quarried during the nineteenth century. Moreover, as urban development has paved much of the Euclid Creek watershed, the stream is subject to flood events which can quickly change the local stream bed. Many historic Metroparks infrastructure components are highly eroded.
Mt. Baldy is a unique Euclidian Place, well known from afar but rarely visited. Access is private and the precipice is dangerous.
The place name has changed through the years. First called Long Point, it later became Old Baldy. More common now is Mt. Baldy.
The actively eroding shale cliff provides a window onto the Late Devonian Age of Fishes sea bottom of 370 million years ago.
Mt Baldy seems firmly in place, but it formed just 14,000 years ago and, in geological time, is rapidly mass wasting into Euclid Creek.
Alaska has a dark blue state flag with eight stars symbolizing the Big Dipper and North Star. Its coastline is longer than the continental US and it borders Canada and Russia. The three largest cities are Anchorage, Juneau, and Fairbanks. Alaska has diverse geography including over 3 million lakes, 17 of the 20 tallest mountains in North America, and active volcanoes. Popular industries include fishing, tourism, oil, mining, and timber. Famous attractions include glaciers, the northern lights, and annual events like the Iditarod and Fairbanks Ice Festival.
Christmas in Ireland lasts from Christmas Eve to Epiphany on January 6th. While Ireland's Christmas celebrations include traditional Christian rituals like lighting candles, they also incorporate unique Irish traditions such as leaving out bread and milk as a symbol of hospitality. The birth of Jesus is celebrated in remembrance of when Mary gave birth to him in a stable in Bethlehem after traveling there for a census while pregnant.
The document describes Sal's journey across the United States from Euclid, Ohio to Lewiston, Idaho traveling along major landmarks and cities along Interstate 90. Students are instructed to follow along on a map, marking cities and landmarks visited. The journey takes Sal through 11 states, visiting notable places like Chicago, the Black Hills of South Dakota, Yellowstone National Park, and ending in Lewiston, Idaho, learning about Native American history along the route.
Colorado became the 38th state on August 1, 1876. Its flag features a blue sky and white mountains. Colorado's population has grown from around 40,000 in 1876 to over 5 million today. Major cities include Denver, the capital, and Colorado Springs, home to the U.S. Air Force Academy. Colorado is known for its Rocky Mountains, skiing, mountain climbing and casinos. Famous residents include Tim Allen and Ralph Edwards.
This document provides a summary of topics related to North Carolina for each letter of the alphabet from A to Y. Some of the topics covered include the Albermarle Sound under A, black bears under B, the Colonial Spanish Mustang under C, dogwood being the state flower under D, Elizabeth Hanford Dole under E, the Fraser Fir tree under F, Grandfather Mountain under G, honey bees being the state insect under H, the Isabella Moth Caterpillar under I, Jockey's Ridge sand dunes under J, Kitty Hawk under K, the Lost Colony under L, milk being the state beverage under M, the New River under N, the Ocracoke L
A presentation given for The Community Library on June 23, 2015, by John Lundin about Guyer Hot Springs resort and Hailey Hot Springs resort. This Power Point presentation uses old photographs and historic materials to discuss two of the hot springs resorts that brought legions of visitors into the Wood River Valley in the late 1800s and early 1900s. Both resorts required significant investment to develop, were actively promoted by the railroad, served both locals and tourists, and were important parts of the valley’s social calendar. The Hailey Hot Springs Resort, located in Croy Canyon, was developed by Robert E. Strahorn, a publicist for Union Pacific Railroad, who was instrumental in bringing the Oregon Short Line Railroad into the Wood River Valley. The resort hotel burned down in 1899, after being visited by dignitaries such as Jay Gould and others who traveled on their private railroad cars. Guyer Hot Springs Resort, located on Warm Springs Creek just west of the ski lift, was the center of Ketchum social activities in the 1890s and early 1900s. The resort ended in 1929, when its owner brought hot springs water to a newly constructed Bald Mountain Hot Springs Lodge on Main Street. The hot springs water was used for heating the Lodge’s units, and to fill its giant swimming pool, where many valley residents swam in the summer. The old Guyer Hot Springs Hotel was torn down in 1937, and used to build the St. Georg Hotel on Main Street, which became Ketchum’s finest. The St. Georg burned down in 1939.
The document summarizes aspects of Eastern Woodlands Native American tribes such as their foods, clothing, homes, religions, traditions, arts/crafts, and notable figures. Key tribes mentioned include the Delaware, Chippewa, Massachusetts, Micmac, Pequot, Cayuga, Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, and Seneca. Typical foods included corn, squash, beans, fish, maple sugar, deer, and berries. Housing included longhouses and wigwams. Arts/crafts incorporated rattles, wampum beads, masks, and canoes. Joseph Brant and lacrosse originated from these tribes.
This document provides a summary of information about Canada, including:
- General facts about Canada such as its capital, largest city, population, official languages, major cities, currency, and type of government.
- An overview of Canada mentioning its vast natural resources, status as a self-governing dominion, parallel economic development with the US, and challenges in meeting public demands for services and separatist concerns in Quebec.
- A list of 10 top attractions in Canada including the Canadian Rockies, Niagara Falls, Pacific National Park, Cabot Trail, Baffin Island, Vancouver/Victoria, the Prairies, Rocky Mountaineer train, Old Quebec City, and Bay
In Ireland, Christmas traditions begin in early December. Advent calendars are used and towns are decorated with lights. The Christmas season officially begins on December 8th. People attend mass on Christmas Eve or morning. Santa visits on Christmas Eve and families have Christmas dinner together, including foods like turkey, ham and Christmas cake. Traditions continue after December 25th, such as Wren Day parades and removing decorations by January 6th, marking the end of the Christmas season.
The document provides information about the US state of North Carolina. It discusses that North Carolina is on the east coast of the US and became a state in 1789. It describes the three regions of North Carolina as the coast, piedmont, and mountains. Important places mentioned include Raleigh as the capital, Kitty Hawk as the site where the Wright Brothers flew the first airplane, and the USS North Carolina battleship museum in Wilmington. Sports teams and foods characteristic to North Carolina like barbecue and grits are also noted. The document concludes with a mention of bluegrass music as a traditional music genre from North Carolina.
the capital, tourist attractions, state bird, state flower, geographical size, population, flag, industries, resources, climate, famous people, nick name, and the state motto
New Zealand's national bird is the kiwi. Kiwis are flightless birds found only in New Zealand. They have thick brown or grey feathers, short powerful legs, a long bill used for finding food, and keen senses of smell and hearing. Despite their inability to fly, kiwis can run at speeds up to 30 kph. Kiwis play an important role in New Zealand's identity and ecosystem. There are five surviving species of kiwi that are threatened by habitat loss and predators. Conservation efforts aim to protect and increase kiwi populations.
New Zealand is situated some 1,500 kilometres (900 mi) east of Australia across the Tasman Sea and roughly 1,000 kilometres (600 mi) south of the Pacific island areas of New Caledonia, Fiji, and Tonga. Because of its remoteness, it was one of the last lands to be settled by humans.
In the UK, Christmas traditions include decorating trees and homes in early December, writing letters to Santa, school nativity plays, children leaving mince pies and carrots for Santa and his reindeer on Christmas Eve, waking up to open presents on Christmas morning, having a traditional Christmas dinner that usually includes turkey, and watching the Queen's annual Christmas Day speech on television. Boxing Day on December 26th is when many people visit other family members or go shopping during sales.
Groundhog's Day is a tradition celebrated on February 2nd where groundhogs are believed to predict the coming of spring. According to folklore, if a groundhog emerges from its burrow on this day and sees its shadow due to clear weather, it will retreat into its burrow, and winter will continue for six more weeks; if it does not see its shadow because of cloudiness, spring will come early. This tradition originated from Christian and ancient European weather prediction customs and has been celebrated in Punxsutawney, Pennsylvania since 1887.
The Sydney Harbour Bridge took six years to construct from 1926 to 1932. It was built to provide a more efficient connection between the two sides of Sydney Harbour, as automobiles were becoming more popular. Some key challenges in constructing the bridge included keeping the large arc from falling during construction and installing hinges to allow for expansion and contraction with temperature changes. Sixteen workers died during the construction process.
Clissold Park was originally a private estate that was saved from development and opened to the public in 1889, though it still required work to prepare amenities for visitors. Over the following decades, features were added like walking paths, water access, fencing, a bandstand, miniature railway, boating lake, and playgrounds to create an urban park for recreation and leisure activities among the greenery that was once a rural estate.
The Niagara Falls are located on the border of Canada and the United States. They are made up of three waterfalls - Bridal Veil Falls, American Falls, and Horseshoe Falls. The waterfalls combine to produce the highest flow rate of any waterfall in the world, with over 28 million liters of water falling every second. The Niagara Falls were created by glacial activity around 10,000 years ago and will be completely eroded in about 50,000 years at the current rate.
The Oregon Trail began in 1834 when missionaries traveled west to the Oregon territory, starting a route that would be used by many settlers in subsequent years. The journey along the 2,000 mile trail from St. Louis, Missouri to the Willamette Valley in Oregon took 4-6 months, with travelers facing many hardships along the way. The trail provided a path to a new life for settlers braving the long journey in covered wagons pulled by oxen.
NEW ZEALAND HISTORY: EUROPEANS TO 1840. Abel Tasman 1642. JAMES COOK 1769. AUSTRALIAN OUTPOST. MAORI-EUROPEAN INTERACTION. MISSIONARIES. BOOKS AND BULLETS. INTER-TRIBAL WARS.
Michigan is a state located in the Great Lakes region between Lake Erie and Lake Superior. It has two peninsulas separated by the Straits of Mackinac and borders four of the Great Lakes. Michigan has over 150 lighthouses, the most of any U.S. state, as well as the largest state park and forest system. The climate varies from warmer in the southern Lower Peninsula to longer, colder winters in the northern parts. Lansing is the capital and Detroit is the largest city, while the automotive industry is centered in Michigan.
Halloween originated from the ancient Celtic festival of Samhain, celebrated on November 1st. The Celts believed this day marked the boundary between the living and the dead. Halloween traditions include costumes, pumpkin carving, and trick-or-treating which began as a Celtic tradition of leaving food outside for spirits. The modern American Halloween celebrations incorporate traditions from Samhain, All Saints Day, and Guy Fawkes Night.
New York has two nicknames - the Big Apple and the Empire State. Its state motto is "Excelsior" which means "Ever Upward". New York was named after the English Duke of York and Albany in 1664. People from New York are called New Yorkers. New York is ranked 3rd in population and 27th in size with over 19 million residents. Canada borders New York and it also shares borders with New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Connecticut, Vermont and Massachusetts. The capital is Albany and the largest city is New York City.
14 Top Rated Tourist Attractions in The USATraveoport
If planning a vacation to the USA anytime soon, then there are some points that should be known. The United States of America has many beautiful tourist attractions scattered around itself stretching from East to West and North to South. The USA has always been the lap of the most picturesque locations and here is a list of few among them.
Mount Rushmore is a monument located in South Dakota featuring the carved faces of four US presidents - George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Theodore Roosevelt, and Abraham Lincoln. The faces were carved into the mountain between 1927 and 1941, requiring the use of dynamite to remove unwanted rock. Over 2 million people visit the monument each year to view the 60-foot tall carved faces and learn about the history of the monument at its on-site museums and exhibits.
The document provides an introductory overview of early American cultures, including when the first Americans arrived via the Bering land bridge at least 22,000 years ago. It discusses the hunting and gathering lifestyle of early Americans and the agricultural revolution that occurred between 10,000-5,000 years ago, allowing people to settle permanently. Several early North American cultures such as the Hohokam, Anasazi, Adena, Mississippian and Hopewell introduced farming. By 1400 AD, many distinct Native American societies had emerged across North America. Later empires like the Maya, Aztec and Inca dominated parts of Central and South America. The course goals are to understand early American cultures and how they interact
Walk the Doan Brook gorge from MLK to Ambler Park. Here, we learn the natural base for Cleveland's early suburban development, 1890s-1910s. Comprehend the issues for stream conservation. Supported with a grant from Cuyahoga Arts & Culture, 2014.
Doan Brook Parks explores park landscape in the hand of natural and human forces. Find evidence for the rise of local bedrock, for bulldozing glacial ice and for Doan Brook’s cutting of a beloved ravine.Review the impacts of park development, including the outstanding Cleveland Cultural Gardens. See the recently completed Doan Brook Enhancement Project in terms of stormwater mediation and the restoration of local natural habitats.
The document summarizes aspects of Eastern Woodlands Native American tribes such as their foods, clothing, homes, religions, traditions, arts/crafts, and notable figures. Key tribes mentioned include the Delaware, Chippewa, Massachusetts, Micmac, Pequot, Cayuga, Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, and Seneca. Typical foods included corn, squash, beans, fish, maple sugar, deer, and berries. Housing included longhouses and wigwams. Arts/crafts incorporated rattles, wampum beads, masks, and canoes. Joseph Brant and lacrosse originated from these tribes.
This document provides a summary of information about Canada, including:
- General facts about Canada such as its capital, largest city, population, official languages, major cities, currency, and type of government.
- An overview of Canada mentioning its vast natural resources, status as a self-governing dominion, parallel economic development with the US, and challenges in meeting public demands for services and separatist concerns in Quebec.
- A list of 10 top attractions in Canada including the Canadian Rockies, Niagara Falls, Pacific National Park, Cabot Trail, Baffin Island, Vancouver/Victoria, the Prairies, Rocky Mountaineer train, Old Quebec City, and Bay
In Ireland, Christmas traditions begin in early December. Advent calendars are used and towns are decorated with lights. The Christmas season officially begins on December 8th. People attend mass on Christmas Eve or morning. Santa visits on Christmas Eve and families have Christmas dinner together, including foods like turkey, ham and Christmas cake. Traditions continue after December 25th, such as Wren Day parades and removing decorations by January 6th, marking the end of the Christmas season.
The document provides information about the US state of North Carolina. It discusses that North Carolina is on the east coast of the US and became a state in 1789. It describes the three regions of North Carolina as the coast, piedmont, and mountains. Important places mentioned include Raleigh as the capital, Kitty Hawk as the site where the Wright Brothers flew the first airplane, and the USS North Carolina battleship museum in Wilmington. Sports teams and foods characteristic to North Carolina like barbecue and grits are also noted. The document concludes with a mention of bluegrass music as a traditional music genre from North Carolina.
the capital, tourist attractions, state bird, state flower, geographical size, population, flag, industries, resources, climate, famous people, nick name, and the state motto
New Zealand's national bird is the kiwi. Kiwis are flightless birds found only in New Zealand. They have thick brown or grey feathers, short powerful legs, a long bill used for finding food, and keen senses of smell and hearing. Despite their inability to fly, kiwis can run at speeds up to 30 kph. Kiwis play an important role in New Zealand's identity and ecosystem. There are five surviving species of kiwi that are threatened by habitat loss and predators. Conservation efforts aim to protect and increase kiwi populations.
New Zealand is situated some 1,500 kilometres (900 mi) east of Australia across the Tasman Sea and roughly 1,000 kilometres (600 mi) south of the Pacific island areas of New Caledonia, Fiji, and Tonga. Because of its remoteness, it was one of the last lands to be settled by humans.
In the UK, Christmas traditions include decorating trees and homes in early December, writing letters to Santa, school nativity plays, children leaving mince pies and carrots for Santa and his reindeer on Christmas Eve, waking up to open presents on Christmas morning, having a traditional Christmas dinner that usually includes turkey, and watching the Queen's annual Christmas Day speech on television. Boxing Day on December 26th is when many people visit other family members or go shopping during sales.
Groundhog's Day is a tradition celebrated on February 2nd where groundhogs are believed to predict the coming of spring. According to folklore, if a groundhog emerges from its burrow on this day and sees its shadow due to clear weather, it will retreat into its burrow, and winter will continue for six more weeks; if it does not see its shadow because of cloudiness, spring will come early. This tradition originated from Christian and ancient European weather prediction customs and has been celebrated in Punxsutawney, Pennsylvania since 1887.
The Sydney Harbour Bridge took six years to construct from 1926 to 1932. It was built to provide a more efficient connection between the two sides of Sydney Harbour, as automobiles were becoming more popular. Some key challenges in constructing the bridge included keeping the large arc from falling during construction and installing hinges to allow for expansion and contraction with temperature changes. Sixteen workers died during the construction process.
Clissold Park was originally a private estate that was saved from development and opened to the public in 1889, though it still required work to prepare amenities for visitors. Over the following decades, features were added like walking paths, water access, fencing, a bandstand, miniature railway, boating lake, and playgrounds to create an urban park for recreation and leisure activities among the greenery that was once a rural estate.
The Niagara Falls are located on the border of Canada and the United States. They are made up of three waterfalls - Bridal Veil Falls, American Falls, and Horseshoe Falls. The waterfalls combine to produce the highest flow rate of any waterfall in the world, with over 28 million liters of water falling every second. The Niagara Falls were created by glacial activity around 10,000 years ago and will be completely eroded in about 50,000 years at the current rate.
The Oregon Trail began in 1834 when missionaries traveled west to the Oregon territory, starting a route that would be used by many settlers in subsequent years. The journey along the 2,000 mile trail from St. Louis, Missouri to the Willamette Valley in Oregon took 4-6 months, with travelers facing many hardships along the way. The trail provided a path to a new life for settlers braving the long journey in covered wagons pulled by oxen.
NEW ZEALAND HISTORY: EUROPEANS TO 1840. Abel Tasman 1642. JAMES COOK 1769. AUSTRALIAN OUTPOST. MAORI-EUROPEAN INTERACTION. MISSIONARIES. BOOKS AND BULLETS. INTER-TRIBAL WARS.
Michigan is a state located in the Great Lakes region between Lake Erie and Lake Superior. It has two peninsulas separated by the Straits of Mackinac and borders four of the Great Lakes. Michigan has over 150 lighthouses, the most of any U.S. state, as well as the largest state park and forest system. The climate varies from warmer in the southern Lower Peninsula to longer, colder winters in the northern parts. Lansing is the capital and Detroit is the largest city, while the automotive industry is centered in Michigan.
Halloween originated from the ancient Celtic festival of Samhain, celebrated on November 1st. The Celts believed this day marked the boundary between the living and the dead. Halloween traditions include costumes, pumpkin carving, and trick-or-treating which began as a Celtic tradition of leaving food outside for spirits. The modern American Halloween celebrations incorporate traditions from Samhain, All Saints Day, and Guy Fawkes Night.
New York has two nicknames - the Big Apple and the Empire State. Its state motto is "Excelsior" which means "Ever Upward". New York was named after the English Duke of York and Albany in 1664. People from New York are called New Yorkers. New York is ranked 3rd in population and 27th in size with over 19 million residents. Canada borders New York and it also shares borders with New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Connecticut, Vermont and Massachusetts. The capital is Albany and the largest city is New York City.
14 Top Rated Tourist Attractions in The USATraveoport
If planning a vacation to the USA anytime soon, then there are some points that should be known. The United States of America has many beautiful tourist attractions scattered around itself stretching from East to West and North to South. The USA has always been the lap of the most picturesque locations and here is a list of few among them.
Mount Rushmore is a monument located in South Dakota featuring the carved faces of four US presidents - George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Theodore Roosevelt, and Abraham Lincoln. The faces were carved into the mountain between 1927 and 1941, requiring the use of dynamite to remove unwanted rock. Over 2 million people visit the monument each year to view the 60-foot tall carved faces and learn about the history of the monument at its on-site museums and exhibits.
The document provides an introductory overview of early American cultures, including when the first Americans arrived via the Bering land bridge at least 22,000 years ago. It discusses the hunting and gathering lifestyle of early Americans and the agricultural revolution that occurred between 10,000-5,000 years ago, allowing people to settle permanently. Several early North American cultures such as the Hohokam, Anasazi, Adena, Mississippian and Hopewell introduced farming. By 1400 AD, many distinct Native American societies had emerged across North America. Later empires like the Maya, Aztec and Inca dominated parts of Central and South America. The course goals are to understand early American cultures and how they interact
Walk the Doan Brook gorge from MLK to Ambler Park. Here, we learn the natural base for Cleveland's early suburban development, 1890s-1910s. Comprehend the issues for stream conservation. Supported with a grant from Cuyahoga Arts & Culture, 2014.
Doan Brook Parks explores park landscape in the hand of natural and human forces. Find evidence for the rise of local bedrock, for bulldozing glacial ice and for Doan Brook’s cutting of a beloved ravine.Review the impacts of park development, including the outstanding Cleveland Cultural Gardens. See the recently completed Doan Brook Enhancement Project in terms of stormwater mediation and the restoration of local natural habitats.
In Cleveland Heights, Ohio, follow Dugway Brook West Branch as it cuts through the Berea Sandstone and Euclid bluestone layers of the Portage Escarpment. Trace a glacial meltwater channel from Edgehill Rd, northward through Coventry to Lake View Cemetery. At seven stops, see how early settlers established mills and quarries and, later, cemeteries and schools. Learn the natural base for suburban development. Comprehend the issues for stream conservation around the NEORSD flood control dam at Lake View Cemetery.
The Redstone Run Highland Reserve comprises 8 acres at 25309 Highland Rd, Richmond Heights. Here, the stream cuts through the hard Euclid bluestone to create a small gorge in the softer shale below. The reserve conserves local nature and history. With it, the Friends of Euclid Creek can foster education and research on important watershed issues. Join us, Tuesday, May 6, 6:30 pm for a tour of the reserve with presentations by Roy Larick, Al Klonowski and Claire Posius.
to explore and plan.
For 2016, Cleveland Heights Rocks and Waters walks Quilliams Creek, a major tributary of Nine Mile Creek within the city.
On sidewalks and forest paths, we follow Quilliams on its course to join Nine Mile.
Walk through the local geology, ecology and history of this important bluestone landscape.
Nine Mile Creek is a new member of the Cuyahoga River Area of Concern for watershed restoration. We’ll also discuss stream restoration issues.
Burk Run/Hillandale. A unique nature-culture weave in Euclid, Ohio. At the Euclid-Wickliffe line, Burk Run cuts north through the Painesville Moraine to cross Euclid Ave.
In 1847, the Isaac E. Brush family built a substantial Greek Revival house. Charles Franklin Brush was born here.
In 1898, J.R. Outhwaite built Hillandale in Euclid. J.E.French built Nutwood in Wickliffe.
In 1910, Nela Park developer, Burton Tremaine, bought Hillandale. He quickly built the log house and, later, the Hillandale bridge.
Current owners of ~80 acres of ecologically significant land include the Providence Missionary Baptist Church and the City of Euclid.
The Burk Run Hillandale tour explores the stream's cut through the Painesville Moraine and possibilities for conserving the area a Euclid Escarpment Ravine Preserve.
August 6, 2014 brings Mid Summer’s Night Social, a joint meeting of the Friends of Euclid Creek, the Highland Heights Green Task Force, and the Greenwood Farm Association.
Greenwood Farm straddles Euclid Creek east branch, just below the Euclid bluestone waterfall. At the meeting, we will hike the east branch gorge in the area of the falls.
Greenwood Farm and the nearby Redstone Run Reserve are models for conserving escarpment run (lake-direct) ravines in Euclid and Richmond Heights.
For 2016, Cleveland Heights Rocks and Waters walks Quilliams Creek, a major tributary of Nine Mile Creek within the city.
On sidewalks and forest paths, we follow Quilliams on its course to join Nine Mile.
Walk through the local geology, ecology and history of this important bluestone landscape.
Nine Mile Creek is a new member of the Cuyahoga River Area of Concern for watershed restoration. We’ll also discuss stream restoration issues.
Burk Run/St Clair Terrace. A unique nature-culture weave in Euclid, Ohio. At the Euclid-Wickliffe line, Burk Run cuts north through the Painesville Moraine to cross Euclid Ave. The stream then flows north on the St. Clair Terrace.
In 1797, Joseph Burk opened an inn on the Euclid side of the run. Girdled Rd (1800) & the Bishop Mill (1809) attracted settlers. Inns opened in Wickliffe.
In 1881, the Nickel Plate Railroad set the stage for area vineyards and a brickyard. Wickliffe’s brick downtown grew quickly, as did Noble in Euclid.
Post WWII growth killed local industry & railroading. In 1961, I-90 buried Burk Run and sucked manufacturing and settlement from the area.
The Burk Run tour explores the stream's cut through the St Clair Terrace and asks, “Can we restore this stream?”
In five SlideShares, Restoring the Pulse of Nature in Euclid presents two goals for stormwater Integrated Planning in Euclid, Ohio: a) Revive the natural regulation of stormwater at relatively low cost and high community benefit. b) Reconnect fragmented natural habitat areas as a means to build local biodiversity and natural capital.
SS#1, Streams into Sewers, maps Euclid’s natural watercourses and shows how they were made into storm sewers. The sewer system eliminated all but small segments of the streams and put the remaining segments underground. In making streams into sewers, we diminished the land’s inherent ability to hold back storm flows. We thus lost the natural pulse that regulates stormwater.
The five SlideShares:
1) Streams into Sewers: http://www.slideshare.net/roylarick/150307-1-streams-into-sewers
2) Initial Green Solutions: http://www.slideshare.net/roylarick/euclid-initial-green-solutions
3) Integrated Planning: http://www.slideshare.net/roylarick/euclid-integrated-green-plan
4) Eco-Greenways: http://www.slideshare.net/roylarick/euclid-bioretention-greenways
5) Euclid Ecology Unit: http://www.slideshare.net/roylarick/150324-euclid-ecology-unit
Oak Cliff was originally called Hord's Ridge and got its current name from the massive oak trees that provided shade. It developed in the late 1800s as a vacation destination for Dallas residents seeking relief from the heat, with attractions like hotels, parks, and streetcars. Over time, economic challenges like the Depression and construction of highways led to decline. But from the 1980s onward, the area saw a renaissance through efforts like developing the Bishop Arts District, bringing artists and new investment to Oak Cliff.
This document provides information about a walking tour hosted by the Euclid Historical Society on June 15, 2014 to explore Lilly Creek and the beaches of Euclid, Ohio. The tour will be led by Roy Larick and focus on the history of Lilly Creek, Utopia Beach, Arcadia Beach, and the surrounding areas. Details are provided about the creek's path and ecological features as well as the historical residences of Orrin Lilly and Isaac Newton, whose properties encompassed the land now occupied by the beaches.
From Coventry Village to Lake View Cemetery, we follow Dugway west branch as it cuts through sandstone terraces and shale ravines.See how Dugway denizens have used local rocks and waters for milling, quarrying and building, and for burying the dead and schooling children.Learn the natural base for the suburban built environment on the Portage Escarpment. Broach issues of stream conservation and the greening of residential development.
This document provides a summary of the history of Brooklyn Centre from 1812 to 2012. It describes how Brooklyn was first settled in 1812 along an American Indian trail and how the Township of Brooklyn was established in 1818. By the mid-1800s, Brooklyn had become a self-sufficient village. In 1894, it was annexed by Cleveland and developed rapidly with new infrastructure improvements. The document highlights some of the early settlers and families, architectural styles of historic homes, and transportation routes that shaped the development of Brooklyn Centre over the past 200 years.
The document summarizes the history of Shelter Cove Resort & Marina, formerly known as Cascade Summit Resort and Odell Summit Lodge, located on the west end of Odell Lake in Oregon. It traces the resort's development from the late 1800s through the 1970s, including the expansion of transportation like railroads and highways that increased access to the lake and resort. Various individuals and families owned and operated lodges and businesses on the property over the decades. The most recently constructed lodge was destroyed by a fire in 1971, forcing closure of the resort operations.
This document discusses several sites across the United States that have preserved industrial heritage structures and parks, including Gas Works Park in Seattle, Sloss Furnaces in Birmingham, and Tod Engine Heritage Park in Youngstown. It then focuses on Cleveland's industrial history related to iron ore mining and shipping, including photographs of ore loaders, unloaders, and supporting infrastructure. The Hulett ore unloaders in Cleveland are highlighted as unique icons that operated from 1912 to 1992 to unload iron ore from ships. The document discusses efforts to preserve and promote these structures and Cleveland's industrial heritage through organizations like Citizens' Vision and the Friends of the Hulett Ore Unloaders.
Preserving Cleveland's Unique Character and HeritageR Ray Saikus
This document discusses several sites across the United States that have preserved industrial heritage structures and parks, including Gas Works Park in Seattle, Sloss Furnaces in Birmingham, and Tod Engine Heritage Park in Youngstown. It also focuses on Cleveland's industrial history related to iron ore mining and shipping, describing iconic structures like the Brown Conveying Hoists and Hulett Ore Unloaders. The Friends of the Hulett Ore Unloaders organization is working to preserve Cleveland's industrial heritage and create a lakefront development plan centered around these historic sites.
The document describes the geology, archeology, and history of the Lower Catawba River Valley in South Carolina. It notes the presence of various types of rock jointing and mentions Native American artifacts that have been found, including projectile points and pottery pieces. It also discusses the area's more recent history, including a proposed but unsuccessful plan to establish a military academy at Mount Dearborn in 1816. Remnants of old dams, canals, and other industrial infrastructure from the early 1900s are also described.
A pictorial and historical trip along the route of the "White Pass and Yukon Route" Railway from Skagway, Alaska, at the Inside Passage of Southeast Alaska, to Whitehorse, Yukon Territory, on the mighty Yukon River.
Each May, since 2002, Cleveland Heights has celebrated National Preservation Month. Since 2013, the activities have featured a walking tour series called Cleveland Heights Rocks and Waters. The tours pose questions about the places in which we live. How does a neighborhood landscape come to be? What does nature provide? Can humans live in ways to honor the gift?
Rockefeller-on-Doan explores park landscape in the hand of natural and human forces. Find evidence for the rise of local bedrock, for bulldozing glacial ice and for Doan Brook’s cutting of a beloved ravine.Review the impacts of park development, including the outstanding Cleveland Cultural Gardens. See the recently completed Doan Brook Enhancement Project in terms of stormwater mediation and the restoration of local natural habitats.
Under EPA decree, Euclid must control its stormwater discharge into Lake Erie.
In compliance, we need to shift thinking. Stormwater can be seen as a resource.
We then build a Stormwater Integrated Plan. EPA has guidelines. Other cities have examples.
Euclid has many ghost stream features. These can be enhanced for bio-infiltration and habitat diversity. Eco-greenways connect the features.
With eco-greenways, storm flows can be a resource upon which to build a better Euclid.
Bare-bones summaries of current research papers. Basic data, graphics and links only. News items to be fleshed out on tour. Part 1 addresses the genomic basis for understanding early humans in Franco-Iberia. We are at the peak of modeling ancient gene flow based on modern and 'fossil' DNA. Addressed is the genetic makeup of prehistoric modern humans Neandertals and Denisovans. Presentation generally follows publication order. Includes links to the original abstracts--the online papers usually lie behind a paywall.
Bare-bones summaries of current research papers relating to the Paleolithic in Franco-Iberia. Basic data, graphics and links only. News items to be fleshed out on the 2015 tour. Part 2 addresses new finds of fossils and artifacts and the interpretation of archaeological materials, including reports on the complex cultural activities of Neandertals. News items are presented in prehistoric chronological order.
Bare-bones summaries of current research papers. Basic data, graphics and links only. News items to be fleshed out on the 2016 tour. This year's news focuses on the genetic basis for understanding the Neolithic. We are at the peak of modeling ancient gene flow based on modern and 'fossil' DNA. Addressed is the genetic makeup of prehistoric European humans, dogs, and wheat.
In five SlideShares, Restoring the Pulse of Nature in Euclid presents two goals for stormwater Integrated Planning in Euclid, Ohio: a) Revive the natural regulation of stormwater at relatively low cost and high community benefit. b) Reconnect fragmented natural habitat areas as a means to build local biodiversity and natural capital.
SS#2, Initial Green Solutions, addresses Euclid’s priority CSO catchments as localized landscapes upon which ‘green’ can help solve the stormwater problem and enhance neighborhood quality of life. For five priority CSO catchments, ‘green sub-catchments’ have new separate storm sewers that direct runoff to small bioretention basins. Significant volumes of stormwater can be infiltrated at relatively low cost.
The five SlideShares:
1) Streams into Sewers: http://www.slideshare.net/roylarick/150307-1-streams-into-sewers
2) Initial Green Solutions: http://www.slideshare.net/roylarick/euclid-initial-green-solutions
3) Integrated Planning: http://www.slideshare.net/roylarick/euclid-integrated-green-plan
4) Eco-Greenways: http://www.slideshare.net/roylarick/euclid-bioretention-greenways
5) Euclid Ecology Unit: http://www.slideshare.net/roylarick/150324-euclid-ecology-unit
The document proposes an integrated stormwater plan for Euclid, Ohio to address combined sewer overflows (CSOs) in a more natural and cost effective way. The plan has two goals: 1) revive natural stormwater regulation through bioretention facilities to reduce CSOs and 2) reconnect fragmented habitat areas to increase biodiversity. It involves using green infrastructure like bioswales instead of only gray infrastructure, linking facilities with eco-greenways, and placing them along historic waterways and 'ghost streams' no longer on the surface. Over time, this would restore Euclid's watersheds and their ability to naturally regulate stormwater flows.
In five SlideShares, Restoring the Pulse of Nature in Euclid presents two goals for stormwater Integrated Planning in Euclid, Ohio: a) Revive the natural regulation of stormwater at relatively low cost and high community benefit. b) Reconnect fragmented natural habitat areas as a means to build local biodiversity and natural capital.
SS#4, Euclid Eco-Greenways, demonstrates how urban shrinkage can help restore the natural pulse of Euclid watersheds. Eco-Greenways use vacated land to link bioretention facilities. Greenways are based upon re-emergent ghost watershed features. Linked ghosts indicate complementary locations for new green stormwater infrastructure. In linking bioretention, eco-greenway helps reconnect fragmented habitats and diversify watershed ecology.
The five SlideShares:
1) Streams into Sewers: http://www.slideshare.net/roylarick/150307-1-streams-into-sewers
2) Initial Green Solutions: http://www.slideshare.net/roylarick/euclid-initial-green-solutions
3) Integrated Planning: http://www.slideshare.net/roylarick/euclid-integrated-green-plan
4) Eco-Greenways: http://www.slideshare.net/roylarick/euclid-bioretention-greenways
5) Euclid Ecology Unit: http://www.slideshare.net/roylarick/150324-euclid-ecology-unit
CH2M Hill, environmental Engineering firm, highlights the Integrated Planning Approach for the Onondaga County, NY sewer utility. In reference to the proposed Integrated Planning approach to stormwater abatement in Euclid Ohio.
CH2M Hill, environmental Engineering firm, presents "Value of an Integrated Planning Approach for Euclid." For the City of Euclid sewer utility, an Integrated Planning approach can address EPA stormwater issues with economic, environmental, and social benefits.
Do the archaeology of your Cleveland-area house:
–My street has a dip. Is it a buried stream?
–Why do Clevelanders landscape with boulders?
–My house has stone trim. Where was it quarried?
–Might I find an ancient arrowhead in my garden?
Identify evidence for deep time in house & lot:
–Sighting ancient landforms in the neighborhood.
–Sourcing your house’s old brick and local stone.
–Finding ancient history in old mortar and concrete.
–Typing the rocks and rubble in your garden.
This document announces a walking tour of Doan Brook Gorge on June 7, 2014 hosted by the Doan Brook Watershed Partnership and Natural History Museum. The tour will explore the geological features of the gorge including bedrock exposures from the Devonian period 370 million years ago. It will also examine the natural and cultural history of the gorge and surrounding area. Participants are asked to RSVP by contacting the email provided. The event is part of a series of history hikes exploring the human impact and development of the gorge over time from early settlers to modern suburbanization.
An illustrated introduction to Archaeological Tours' Megaliths and Monuments study tour for May 2016. The tour visits four Paleolithic occupation sites, two dozen Neolithic megalith sites and several historical monuments including Mont-Saint-Michel. Lodgings are taken in Paris, Carnac, Quimper, Morlaix, Saint-Malo, Salisbury and London Heathrow.
The West Creek glacial headwaters walking tour (June 1, 2014, 2-5 pm) extends our knowledge back to the stream’s formative period, 23,000 to 14,000 years ago. The highland was one of the last Greater Cleveland areas to be covered by Erie ice and one of the first to see it leave. By 23,000 years ago, glacial ice was advancing up the Cuyahoga and Rocky River Valleys. About 15,000 years ago, with ice retreat, small streams began removing glacial debris. The upper creek is now a gathering of deep headwater ravines. In key ravines, we examine the debris of ice retreat. In the trunk stream, we explore the formation of post-glacial ecosystems. Led by Roy Larick (Bluestone Heights), Jessica Ferrato (NEO Sierra Club), Jenn Greiser (Cleveland MetroParks Watershed Stewardship Center).
In Cleveland Heights, Ohio, follow Dugway Brook East Branch from Cain Park northward to Forest Hill Park. Learn the natural base for suburban development. Comprehend the issues for stream conservation.Here, the stream cuts through several bedrock layers which form the Portage Escarpment. We trace a glacial meltwater channel from the top of the Berea Sandstone down through the Euclid bluestone. In seven stops, we see how early settlers established mills and quarries and later, cemeteries and schools. Learn the natural base for suburban development. Comprehend the issues for stream conservation on Cleveland's East Side.
ENVIRONMENT~ Renewable Energy Sources and their future prospects.tiwarimanvi3129
This presentation is for us to know that how our Environment need Attention for protection of our natural resources which are depleted day by day that's why we need to take time and shift our attention to renewable energy sources instead of non-renewable sources which are better and Eco-friendly for our environment. these renewable energy sources are so helpful for our planet and for every living organism which depends on environment.
Recycling and Disposal on SWM Raymond Einyu pptxRayLetai1
Increasing urbanization, rural–urban migration, rising standards of living, and rapid development associated with population growth have resulted in increased solid waste generation by industrial, domestic and other activities in Nairobi City. It has been noted in other contexts too that increasing population, changing consumption patterns, economic development, changing income, urbanization and industrialization all contribute to the increased generation of waste.
With the increasing urban population in Kenya, which is estimated to be growing at a rate higher than that of the country’s general population, waste generation and management is already a major challenge. The industrialization and urbanization process in the country, dominated by one major city – Nairobi, which has around four times the population of the next largest urban centre (Mombasa) – has witnessed an exponential increase in the generation of solid waste. It is projected that by 2030, about 50 per cent of the Kenyan population will be urban.
Aim:
A healthy, safe, secure and sustainable solid waste management system fit for a world – class city.
Improve and protect the public health of Nairobi residents and visitors.
Ecological health, diversity and productivity and maximize resource recovery through the participatory approach.
Goals:
Build awareness and capacity for source separation as essential components of sustainable waste management.
Build new environmentally sound infrastructure and systems for safe disposal of residual waste and replacing current dumpsites which should be commissioned.
Current solid waste management situation:
The status.
Solid waste generation rate is at 2240 tones / day
collection efficiently is at about 50%.
Actors i.e. city authorities, CBO’s , private firms and self-disposal
Current SWM Situation in Nairobi City:
Solid waste generation – collection – dumping
Good Practices:
• Separation – recycling – marketing.
• Open dumpsite dandora dump site through public education on source separation of waste, of which the situation can be reversed.
• Nairobi is one of the C40 cities in this respect , various actors in the solid waste management space have adopted a variety of technologies to reduce short lived climate pollutants including source separation , recycling , marketing of the recycled products.
• Through the network, it should expect to benefit from expertise of the different actors in the network in terms of applicable technologies and practices in reducing the short-lived climate pollutants.
Good practices:
Despite the dismal collection of solid waste in Nairobi city, there are practices and activities of informal actors (CBOs, CBO-SACCOs and yard shop operators) and other formal industrial actors on solid waste collection, recycling and waste reduction.
Practices and activities of these actor groups are viewed as innovations with the potential to change the way solid waste is handled.
CHALLENGES:
• Resource Allocation.
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...Joshua Orris
The incorporation of a 3DCSM and completion of HRSC provided a tool for enhanced, data-driven, decisions to support a change in remediation closure strategies. Currently, an approved pilot study has been obtained to shut-down the remediation systems (ISCO, P&T) and conduct a hydraulic study under non-pumping conditions. A separate micro-biological bench scale treatability study was competed that yielded positive results for an emerging innovative technology. As a result, a field pilot study has commenced with results expected in nine-twelve months. With the results of the hydraulic study, field pilot studies and an updated risk assessment leading site monitoring optimization cost lifecycle savings upwards of $15MM towards an alternatively evolved best available technology remediation closure strategy.
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...Open Access Research Paper
Water polluted by dyestuffs compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent chemical and Physical system from an algae, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle and impregnated with algae with chitosan nanocomposite for the sorption of Malachite green dye from water. The algae with chitosan nanocomposite by a simple method and used as a recyclable and effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Algae, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle and algae with chitosan nanocomposite were characterized using different physicochemical methods. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in algae, chitosan, chitosan algae, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with algae were identified using FTIR, SEM, and TGADTA/DTG techniques. The optimal adsorption conditions, different dosages, pH and Temperature the amount of algae with chitosan nanocomposite were determined. At optimized conditions and the batch equilibrium studies more than 99% of the dye was removed. The adsorption process data matched well kinetics showed that the reaction order for dye varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the algae with chitosan nanocomposite toward malachite green dye reached as high as 15.5mg/g, respectively. Finally, multiple times reusing of algae with chitosan nanocomposite and removing dye from a real wastewater has made it a promising and attractive option for further practical applications.
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...Joshua Orris
Results of geophysics and pneumatic injection pilot tests during 2003 – 2007 yielded significant positive results for injection delivery design and contaminant mass treatment, resulting in permanent shut-down of an existing groundwater Pump & Treat system.
Accessible source areas were subsequently removed (2011) by soil excavation and treated with the placement of Emulsified Vegetable Oil EVO and zero-valent iron ZVI to accelerate treatment of impacted groundwater in overburden and weathered fractured bedrock. Post pilot test and post remediation groundwater monitoring has included analyses of CVOCs, organic fatty acids, dissolved gases and QuantArray® -Chlor to quantify key microorganisms (e.g., Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, etc.) and functional genes (e.g., vinyl chloride reductase, methane monooxygenase, etc.) to assess potential for reductive dechlorination and aerobic cometabolism of CVOCs.
In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
Climate Change All over the World .pptxsairaanwer024
Climate change refers to significant and lasting changes in the average weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It encompasses both global warming driven by human emissions of greenhouse gases and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather patterns. While climate change is a natural phenomenon, human activities, particularly since the Industrial Revolution, have accelerated its pace and intensity
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.EpconLP
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies. With over 4000 installations worldwide, EPCON has been pioneering new techniques since 1977 that have become industry standards now. Founded in 1977, Epcon has grown from a one-man operation to a global leader in developing and manufacturing innovative air pollution control technology and industrial heating equipment.
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...Open Access Research Paper
Water contamination is one of the major causes of water borne diseases worldwide. In Kenya, approximately 43% of people lack access to potable water due to human contamination. River Kuywa water is currently experiencing contamination due to human activities. Its water is widely used for domestic, agricultural, industrial and recreational purposes. This study aimed at characterizing bacteria and fungi in river Kuywa water. Water samples were randomly collected from four sites of the river: site A (Matisi), site B (Ngwelo), site C (Nzoia water pump) and site D (Chalicha), during the dry season (January-March 2018) and wet season (April-July 2018) and were transported to Maseno University Microbiology and plant pathology laboratory for analysis. The characterization and identification of bacteria and fungi were carried out using standard microbiological techniques. Nine bacterial genera and three fungi were identified from Kuywa river water. Clostridium spp., Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Streptococcus spp., E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Shigella spp., Proteus spp. and Salmonella spp. Fungi were Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus complex and Penicillium species. Wet season recorded highest bacterial and fungal counts (6.61-7.66 and 3.83-6.75cfu/ml) respectively. The results indicated that the river Kuywa water is polluted and therefore unsafe for human consumption before treatment. It is therefore recommended that the communities to ensure that they boil water especially for drinking.
Presented by The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action
5. North
Cleveland Cleveland Heights
hike
pathway
LittleItaly
Blue Rock
Ambler Hts
Euclid Hts
The name, Blue Rock, likely derives from the Euclid bluestone, the
fine sandstone bedrock unit that caps the lowest terrace of the
Portage Escarpment.
Early settlers quarried 'blue rock' at several terrace locations,
including the top of Cedar Hill. In the 1870s, ‘blue rock’ found a
national market as Euclid bluestone.
bluestone
quarry
bluestone
quarry
bluestone
quarry
The bluestone terrace makes for the Hills rising to the East Side
Heights. Mayfield Hill and Cedar Hill are examples.
Geologists identify the rock unit as an informal member of the
Bedford formation, also calling it the Euclid bluestone.
6. North
Cleveland Cleveland Heights
hike
pathway
LittleItaly
Blue Rock
Ambler Hts
Euclid Hts
Blue Rock Brook on the Portage Escarpment
Comprising three small branches, Blue Rock Brook drains
the Euclid Heights and Ambler Heights neighborhoods,
from the bluestone terrace to Doan Brook.
In Euclid Heights, the Kent and Deming branches coalesce
under Euclid Heights Blvd to descend Cedar Glen.
In Ambler Heights, the Ambler branch travels its own
ravine to meet the trunk stream at the base of Cedar Hill.
bluestone
quarry
bluestone
quarry
bluestone
quarry
9. 403
411
404
412
1881
1874
403
411
404
412
Blue Rock spring
Early Doan’s Corners residents
frequented a sulfurous spring in the
northern part of Cleveland Original
Lot 411. The parcel had ambiguous
ownership up through the 1860s.
In 1872, dentist Nathan Ambler
(1823-1888) and wife Martha Buell
bought much of lots 411 and 412,
which included the spring and the
lower part of Cedar Glen.
Shortly thereafter, the Amblers
fenced the spring area.
Nickel Plate RR construction began in
1881. The line opened in 1883.
N.H.Ambler
10. During the late 1870s, the Amblers
took on Daniel O. Caswell (1857-
1906) as business partner and
heir. The group began developing
Blue Rock.
In 1880, Blue Rock Springs opened as
a hydrothermal resort, The bathhouse
was built directly over the spring with
baths cut into the bedrock.
Blue Rock Springs
Nickel Plate
Road Historical
& Technical
Society
NYC&StL Ry
Right of Way Map
c. 1883
11. Blue Rock Station?
In 1955, CTS built
the Cedar rapid
transit station on
the Cedar site.
The RTA Red Line
station is called
Cedar-University.
The platform may have
been planned for just north
of Cedar or, less likely, just
south of Highland. Blue Rock would be a better name!
At right, ‘Nickel Plate’ (NYC&SL) Railroad Circular No. 82
is auspicious, but no timetable mentions Station 179 and
no map shows any such facility. Might the Ambler group
have lobbied for a station that never materialized?
NYC&StL Ry
Right of Way Map
c. 1883
Nickel Plate
Road Historical
& Technical
Society
NYC&StL Ry
Right of Way Map
c. 1883
12. 403
411
404
412
1898 Daniel O. Caswell was a tireless
promoter for the resort. The business
grew in popularity during the 1890s,
the heydays for the ‘water cure’.
By the early 1900s, ‘hydrotherapy’
moved into full service hospitals—just
at the time its health benefits were
being questioned. Blue Rock Springs
responded with more park-like
amenities, such as a dance platform
and picnic areas.
The Blue Rock residential neighborhood was platted
in relation to the resort and to the Cedar Ave link
between Doan's Corners and the emerging 'Heights'.
Blue Rock Place (current Glenwood Ave) and Caswell
St (current E. 114th) focused the development which
included E Highland St (current Fairchild Ave) as well
as parts of Murray Hill, Cedar and Ambleside. From
about 1890, houses were built on the north side of
Cedar Ave.
Blue Rock Brook
North and south parts of the map are offset east-west along Cedar Rd.
At his death on March 11, 1897, Dare
was City of Lakewood engineer and an
Early Settlers Association member.
(Cleveland Plain Dealer)
…
13. Blue Rock Springs, c. 1900 (WRHS)
At left is a unique view of small natural features
at the confluence of Doan & Blue Rock Brooks.
The photographer shot northwest from under
the Nickel Plate Railroad bridge, across Cedar
Rd, along Doan Brook (white line below).
Visible are two ‘outliers’ (red & white), bedrock
islands left, by chance, as the Doan/Blue Rock
confluence meandered around the location.
The area is now entirely transformed within the
University Circle built environment (below left).
The one period topographic view comes from
the Cleveland Parks Dept map of c. 1900,
entitled Eastern Parkway (below).
14. Blue Rock Place crossed
the NKP tracks to enter
the resort’s east border.
Blue Rock, c. 1900Eastern Parkway map (~1900)
Cleveland Public Library
The purple contour
represents the low bluff
around the confluence
floodplain, including the
crests of the two bedrock
‘island’ outliers.
16. 403
411
404
412
1920
1912
403
411
404
412
By 1912, the resort was demolished
with college athletic fields tooking
over the spring area. E. Highland Ave
was renamed Fairchild. Blue Rock
Place was now Glenwood Ave.
As Cedar was becoming a major
automobile thoroughfare, it was
widened on the north side. Several
1890s houses were demolished. Some
houses still stood on the south side of
Cedar, along Buell Place (named for
Martha Buell Ambler), but they would
later be cleared for a yet wider road.
In 1920, Blue Rock Brook was still
open. The area of its course is now the
green space between Cedar and
Glenwood. The stream flows directly
under the RTA Cedar-University
station. The new bioswale symbolizes
the stream (slide 22, below).
17. WRHS 7151
In a development plan of the mid
1920s, neither Blue Rock nor its
brook is to be found.
Lincoln
Storage
18. Doan Brook
Ambler Park
infrastructure
Cleveland Memory ProjectCleveland Memory Project
Cleveland Memory Project
Cleveland Memory Project
Looking northeast across Doan Brook along old Ambleside to current
Ambleside (at cliff base).
Looking south-southeast from East Blvd (MLK), up Doan Brook to Fairhill
(Stokes Blvd).
Looking north-northwest down Doan Brook from
Fairhill (Stokes Blvd) to East Blvd (MLK).
Looking south-southeast from NKP tracks across East
Blvd (MLK) to the Baldwin Reservoir. Doan Brook
culvert construction in foreground.
In 1929, construction of the
Cleveland Union Terminal Railroad
was fully recorded in photographs.
CSU Special Collections now owns
the set which are online as part of
the Cleveland Memory Project.
Four of many showing CUT RR
work around “East Boulevard.”
Water mains feeding the
Baldwin Reservoir from
the Kirtland Pump Station
19. Looking SSE, up Doan Brook,
March 1929
Cleveland Memory Project
Gulf north wall, above North Park. Bluestone level
near top. Chestnut Hills Dr lies behind the left tree
line.
camera
viewpoint
Doan Brook
Cleveland Memory Project
Cleveland Memory Project
In 1894, Martha Ambler and Daniel
O. Caswell donated 25 acres for the
construction of Ambler Park.
At its lower end, the Ambler Park
was bordered by East Boulevard.
Area landscaping was of high quality.
Looking SSE, up Doan Brook,
March 1929
Looking SSE, up Doan Brook,
Google Earth
Ambler Park
infrastructure
21. Blue Rock hike itinerary
1. Leave Nighttown parking lot.
2. Descend the Ranney ramp at
the Case dorms.
3. Visit the Blue Rock area.
4. Head south to Doan Brook
and Ambler Park.
5. Stop at the culvert entry.
6. Proceed upstream to the
retention basin.
7. Stop at bluestone outcrop.
8. Mount to cross N. Park and
go north on Chestnut Hills.
9. Stop at Ambler ravine.
10. Stop at the Gill house.
11. Return to Nighttown.
Nighttown
parking lot
Ranney
ramp
Blue Rock
spring
culvert entry
retention
basin
bluestone quarry
bluestone
outcrop
Ambler
Park
Gill house
22. Escarpment ramp roads
Parallel to local streams, ‘ramps’
connected lowlands and uplands.
Native Americans first defined the
ramps. Early Euro-American
settlers appropriated them.
Superior, Lee, Taylor, and Noble
Rds are examples.
Ranney ramp
A true parallel ramp may have
traversed the escarpment on
land Nathan Ambler sold to
Rufus P. Ranney in the 1870s.
The ramp now holds the covered
switchback stairway linking the
lower and upper Case dorms.
About 1905, the Southworths
graded a second switchback
ramp on their property.
1912
For Blue Rock Brook, Cedar Glen
Parkway is the exceptional ramp
lying within the stream valley.
23. Blue Rock Brook culvert & RTA bioswale
The Blue Rock settlement was platted on the
north bank of Blue Rock Brook to face Cedar
Glen Parkway. With successive road
widening, houses were demolished and the
brook was buried.
The culvert lies under the green space
between current Cedar and Glenwood.
In front of the new RTA Cedar-University Red
Line station, the bioswale essentially lies
over the brook.
Blue Rock significance
Blue Rock typified a natural amenity
settlement of the late 1800s. Springs,
streams, rock outcrops and the Lake Erie
shoreline served as natural bases. In some
places, a Christian tabernacle took
advantage of the amenity.
Blue Rock, like many amenity settlements,
lost its nature during the early 1900s. The
RTA bioswale is a first attempt to recover a
small bit of Blue Rock Brook.
24. Ambler Park culvert entry
The entrance to the University
Circle culvert sits below grade.
Stream flow crosses a weir and
then drops down to the culvert
level. The entry is an impressive
brick structure.
Doan Brook University Circle culvert
Upon leaving Blue Rock, the hike
heads upstream on Doan Brook to
Ambler Park. Here, we find Doan as
it drops into the University Circle
culvert. From this point in Ambler
Park, Doan flows underground all the
way to southern Wade Park. Along
the way, it picks up Blue Rock Brook.
25. Doan Brook Ambler Park retention basin
From the culvert entry, we trek upstream
to arrive at the Ambler Park retention
basin, shown here after a heavy rainfall.
After viewing the monstrosity, we climb
up over the Euclid bluestone to arrive at
the intersection of North Park Blvd and
Chestnut Hills Dr.
Euclid bluestone outcrop above the retention basin
26. Ambler Ravine
Blue Rock Brook’s Ambler branch drains
much of Ambler Hts. It descends a small
ravine to meet the trunk stream near the
base of Cedar Hill.
The ravine cuts through Euclid bluestone
and Cleveland Shale bedrock units. The
ravine bottom is full of bluestone rubble.
The area has bluestone retaining walls.
The 1898 map shows the Ambler
branch traversing a street grid
never fully implemented.
Currently, Chestnut Hills Drive
derives from sections of Beacon
Hill St, ‘Ave’ and ‘Harcourt’.
Harcourt derives from Northwood
Ave projected southward to North
Park Blvd.
The L.H. Elliott house, the first
built in Ambler Hts, is a Cleveland
Heights landmark. It sits in an area
once called Glen Point.
1898
27. Glen Point quarry
Lying between the Ambler Ravine and Cedar Glen, Glen
Point is a bluestone promontory. Much of the area was
quarried in the late 1800s, possibly for the bluestone
retaining wall on the south side of Cedar Glen. The east
quarry wall remains visible on the Gill house lot.
Gill House
Kermode F. Gill headed the
firm that built many of
Cleveland’s finer buildings,
including the Terminal
Tower complex. In 1911, Gill
had F.B. Meade design a
house to be set into the
quarry at 2178 Harcourt.