NEW ZEALAND HISTORY: EUROPEANS TO 1840. Abel Tasman 1642. JAMES COOK 1769. AUSTRALIAN OUTPOST. MAORI-EUROPEAN INTERACTION. MISSIONARIES. BOOKS AND BULLETS. INTER-TRIBAL WARS.

1. NEW ZEALAND
HISTORY
2. EUROPEANS TO 1840

3. ABEL TASMAN 1642
• In 1642 the Dutch explorer Abel Tasman made the first confirmed
European discovery of New Zealand.
• He charted the country’s west coast from about Hokitika up to Cape
Maria van Diemen.
• A Dutch map maker gave the name Nieuw Zeeland to the land
Tasman had discovered.
• A surprisingly long time – 127 years – passed before another
European reached New Zealand.

5. JAMES COOK 1769
• James Cook first visited New Zealand in 1769, on the first of three
voyages.
• He circumnavigated and mapped both main islands and returned to
Britain with reports about the country’s inhabitants and resources.

7. AN AUSTRALIAN OUTPOST
• For 50 years after Sydney was founded in 1788, New Zealand was an
economic and cultural outpost of New South Wales, and most of the
earliest European settlers came from Sydney.
• In the late 18th century sealers and whalers began visiting; by the
early 19th century some began to settle, and some to farm.
• During these years, New Zealand was part of a Pacific-wide trade
system, and New Zealand goods were sold in China.

9. MAORI - EUROPEAN INTERACTION
• The first European ‘town’ grew at Kororāreka when whalers began
calling into the Bay of Islands for food and water.
• From the 1790s, Māori produced pork and potatoes for this trade.
• The other main area of early interaction between Māori and others
was the Foveaux Strait sealing grounds.
• The presence of traders drew Māori to particular places; having a
European living among them gave some tribal groups an advantage
in the race to acquire European goods, especially firearms.

11. MISSIONARIES
• A Sydney chaplain, Samuel Marsden, founded the first Christian
mission station in the Bay of Islands in 1814.
• By 1840 over 20 stations had been established. From missionaries,
Māori learnt not just about Christianity but also about European
farming techniques and trades, and how to read and write.
• The missionaries also transcribed the Māori language into written
form.
• In the 1830s, French missionaries brought Catholicism to Māori.

13. BOOKS AND BULLETS
• The missionaries brought literacy as well as Christianity to the Māori.
• The missionary William Yate began printing in Māori in the early
1830s. The Church Missionary Society later sent a trained printer,
William Colenso, and a proper press to Paihia, enabling complete
books to be printed.
• By 1837 the full New Testament in Māori was available. However,
some Māori were more interested in acquiring the lead type to cast
bullets than in the books the missionaries printed.

15. INTER-TRIBAL WARS
• Christianity would become important for Māori, but they were slow
to convert.
• Muskets, traded for flax and potatoes, had a greater impact in the
1820s and 1830s than religion, and escalated the killings in tribal
conflicts.
• The Ngāpuhi tribe, led by Hongi Hika, devastated southerly tribes,
and Ngāti Toa, under Te Rauparaha, attacked Ngāi Tahu in the South
Island.
• But diseases introduced by Europeans caused more fatalities than
firearms.