The document summarizes a research paper that proposes a novel dual-band planar antenna with an asymmetric coplanar strip (ACS) feed and defected ground structure (DGS) for wireless applications. The antenna achieves dual-band operation at 3.5GHz and 5.5GHz for WiMAX and WLAN by modifying the ground plane with spur slots. Simulation and measurement results show impedance bandwidths of 13.13% and 9.86% at each band respectively. The antenna has compact size, high gain, stable radiation patterns and good electromagnetic characteristics, making it suitable for dual-mode wireless devices.
PLANAR ACS FED DUAL BAND ANTENNA WITH DGS FOR WIRELESS APPLICATIONS jantjournal
A novel Asymmetric Coplanar Strip (ACS) fed antenna with Defected Ground Structure (DGS) suitable for dual application is presented. The Method of Moments (MoM) based mentor graphics IE3D electromagnetic solver has been used for this design. Dual band operation has been obtained by modifying the ground plane of the proposed design with spur-slots. It has been fabricated and tested with the overall size of 21x15x1.6 mm3. The measured results indicate that the proposed antenna yields <-10dB impedance bandwidth of 13.13% and 9.86% which meets the requirement of
3.5GHz and 5.5GHz Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) and World Wide Interoperability Microwave Access (WiMAX) applications. The approximate lumped equivalent circuit extraction for the proposed DGS fed dual band antenna has been discussed in detail. Because of its stable radiation patterns with low cross polarization,miniature size, high average antenna gain of 2.5dBi and good electromagnetic characteristics, the proposed antenna is a promising candidate for dual mode wireless communication devices.
PLANAR ACS FED DUAL BAND ANTENNA WITH DGS FOR WIRELESS APPLICATIONS jantjournal
A novel Asymmetric Coplanar Strip (ACS) fed antenna with Defected Ground Structure (DGS) suitable for dual application is presented. The Method of Moments (MoM) based mentor graphics IE3D electromagnetic solver has been used for this design. Dual band operation has been obtained by modifying the ground plane of the proposed design with spur-slots. It has been fabricated and tested with the overall size of 21x15x1.6 mm3 . The measured results indicate that the proposed
antenna yields <-10dB impedance bandwidth of 13.13% and 9.86% which meets the requirement of 3.5GHz and 5.5GHz Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) and World Wide Interoperability Microwave Access (WiMAX) applications. The approximate lumped equivalent circuit extraction for the proposed DGS fed dual band antenna has been discussed in detail. Because of its stable radiation patterns with low cross polarization,miniature size, high average antenna gain of 2.5dBi
and good electromagnetic characteristics, the proposed antenna is a promising candidate for dual mode wireless communication devices.
PLANAR ACS FED DUAL BAND ANTENNA WITH DGS FOR WIRELESS APPLICATIONS jantjournal
A novel Asymmetric Coplanar Strip (ACS) fed antenna with Defected Ground Structure (DGS) suitable for dual application is presented. The Method of Moments (MoM) based mentor graphics IE3D electromagnetic solver has been used for this design. Dual band operation has been obtained by modifying the ground plane of the proposed design with spur-slots. It has been fabricated and tested with the overall size of 21x15x1.6 mm3. The measured results indicate that the proposed
antenna yields <-10dB impedance bandwidth of 13.13% and 9.86% which meets the requirement of 3.5GHz and 5.5GHz Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) and World Wide Interoperability Microwave Access (WiMAX) applications. The approximate lumped equivalent circuit extraction for
the proposed DGS fed dual band antenna has been discussed in detail. Because of its stable radiation patterns with low cross polarization,miniature size, high average antenna gain of 2.5dBi
and good electromagnetic characteristics, the proposed antenna is a promising candidate for dual mode wireless communication devices.
PLANAR ACS FED DUAL BAND ANTENNA WITH DGS FOR WIRELESS APPLICATIONS jantjournal
A novel Asymmetric Coplanar Strip (ACS) fed antenna with Defected Ground Structure (DGS) suitable for dual application is presented. The Method of Moments (MoM) based mentor graphics IE3D electromagnetic solver has been used for this design. Dual band operation has been obtained by modifying the ground plane of the proposed design with spur-slots. It has been fabricated and tested with the overall size of 21x15x1.6 mm3 The measured results indicate that the proposed antenna yields <-10dB impedance bandwidth of 13.13% and 9.86% which meets the requirement of 3.5GHz and 5.5GHz Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) and World Wide Interoperability
Microwave Access (WiMAX) applications. The approximate lumped equivalent circuit extraction for the proposed DGS fed dual band antenna has been discussed in detail. Because of its stable radiation patterns with low cross polarization,miniature size, high average antenna gain of 2.5dBi and good electromagnetic characteristics, the proposed antenna is a promising candidate for dual mode wireless communication devices.
PLANAR ACS FED DUAL BAND ANTENNA WITH DGS FOR WIRELESS APPLICATIONSjantjournal
A novel Asymmetric Coplanar Strip (ACS) fed antenna with Defected Ground Structure (DGS) suitable for dual application is presented. The Method of Moments (MoM) based mentor graphics IE3D electromagnetic solver has been used for this design. Dual band operation has been obtained by modifying the ground plane of the proposed design with spur-slots. It has been fabricated and tested with the overall size of 21x15x1.6 mm3. The measured results indicate that the proposed antenna yields <-10dB impedance bandwidth of 13.13% and 9.86% which meets the requirement of 3.5GHz and 5.5GHz Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) and World Wide Interoperability
Microwave Access (WiMAX) applications. The approximate lumped equivalent circuit extraction for the proposed DGS fed dual band antenna has been discussed in detail. Because of its stable radiation patterns with low cross polarization,miniature size, high average antenna gain of 2.5dBi and good electromagnetic characteristics, the proposed antenna is a promising candidate for dual mode wireless communication devices.
PLANAR ACS FED DUAL BAND ANTENNA WITH DGS FOR WIRELESS APPLICATIONS jantjournal
A novel Asymmetric Coplanar Strip (ACS) fed antenna with Defected Ground Structure (DGS) suitable for dual application is presented. The Method of Moments (MoM) based mentor graphics IE3D electromagnetic solver has been used for this design. Dual band operation has been obtained by modifying the ground plane of the proposed design with spur-slots. It has been fabricated and tested with the overall size of 21x15x1.6 mm3. The measured results indicate that the proposed antenna yields <-10dB impedance bandwidth of 13.13% and 9.86% which meets the requirement of 3.5GHz and 5.5GHz Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) and World Wide Interoperability Microwave Access (WiMAX) applications. The approximate lumped equivalent circuit extraction for the proposed DGS fed dual band antenna has been discussed in detail. Because of its stable radiation patterns with low cross polarization,miniature size, high average antenna gain of 2.5dBi and good electromagnetic characteristics, the proposed antenna is a promising candidate for dual mode wireless communication devices.
Size Reduction and Gain Enhancement of a Microstrip Antenna using Partially D...IJECEIAES
Microwave engineers have been known to designedly created defects in the shape of carved out patterns on the ground plane of microstrip circuits and transmission lines for a long time, although their implementations to the antennas are comparatively new. The term Defected Ground Structure (DGS), precisely means a single or finite number of defects. At the beginning, DGS was employed underneath printed feed lines to suppress higher harmonics. Then DGS was directly integrated with antennas to improve the radiation characteristics, gain and to suppress mutual coupling between adjacent elements. Since then, the DGS techniques have been explored extensively and have led to many possible applications in the communication industry. The objective of this paper is to design and investigate microstrip patch antenna that operates at 2.4 GHz for Wireless Local Area Network WLAN IEEE 802.11b/g/n, ,Zigbee, Wireless HART, Bluetooth and several proprietary technologies that operate in the 2.4 GHz band. The design of the proposed antenna involves using partially Defected Ground Structure and circular/cross slots and compare it to the traditional microstrip patch antenna. The results show improvement in both the gain of 3.45 dB and the S11 response of -22.3 dB along with reduction in the overall dimensions of the antenna. As a conclusion, the performance of the antenna has been improved through the incorporation with the DGS and slots structures regarding the S11 response and the gain. The proposed antenna become more compact. Finally, the radiation pattern of proposed antenna has remained directional in spite of adding slots on the ground plane.
A ring monopole quad band antenna loaded with metamaterial and slots for wire...journalBEEI
The present wireless applications demand a compact, multi-operated, and stable radiation pattern antenna with good gain and impedance matching performance. To accomplish this requirement. In this paper, we propose a compact metamaterial structure loaded quad band antenna. The structural specifications/layout of the antenna consists of a circular ring monopole fed by a microstrip line. The ground part of the antenna is loaded with a metamaterial rectangular split-ring resonator (RSRR), an L-shaped slot, and two horizontally placed rectangular slots parallel to each other. No external matching circuit is utilized and impedance matching is solely controlled by the placement of slots. The antenna shows operation at 2.1 GHz (2.01-2.24 GHz, a bandwidth of 230 MHz (WLAN)), 4.5 GHz (4.35-4.66 GHz, a bandwidth of 310 MHz (C-band)), 5.5 GHz (5.37-5.77 GHz bandwidth of 400 MHz (WiMAX)), and 7.2 GHz (7.08-7.33 GHz, a bandwidth of 250 MHz (satellite band)). The antenna exhibits good gain and stable radiation pattern in both the plane and thus can be utilized for aforementioned applications.
PLANAR ACS FED DUAL BAND ANTENNA WITH DGS FOR WIRELESS APPLICATIONS jantjournal
A novel Asymmetric Coplanar Strip (ACS) fed antenna with Defected Ground Structure (DGS) suitable for dual application is presented. The Method of Moments (MoM) based mentor graphics IE3D electromagnetic solver has been used for this design. Dual band operation has been obtained by modifying the ground plane of the proposed design with spur-slots. It has been fabricated and tested with the overall size of 21x15x1.6 mm3. The measured results indicate that the proposed antenna yields <-10dB impedance bandwidth of 13.13% and 9.86% which meets the requirement of
3.5GHz and 5.5GHz Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) and World Wide Interoperability Microwave Access (WiMAX) applications. The approximate lumped equivalent circuit extraction for the proposed DGS fed dual band antenna has been discussed in detail. Because of its stable radiation patterns with low cross polarization,miniature size, high average antenna gain of 2.5dBi and good electromagnetic characteristics, the proposed antenna is a promising candidate for dual mode wireless communication devices.
PLANAR ACS FED DUAL BAND ANTENNA WITH DGS FOR WIRELESS APPLICATIONS jantjournal
A novel Asymmetric Coplanar Strip (ACS) fed antenna with Defected Ground Structure (DGS) suitable for dual application is presented. The Method of Moments (MoM) based mentor graphics IE3D electromagnetic solver has been used for this design. Dual band operation has been obtained by modifying the ground plane of the proposed design with spur-slots. It has been fabricated and tested with the overall size of 21x15x1.6 mm3 . The measured results indicate that the proposed
antenna yields <-10dB impedance bandwidth of 13.13% and 9.86% which meets the requirement of 3.5GHz and 5.5GHz Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) and World Wide Interoperability Microwave Access (WiMAX) applications. The approximate lumped equivalent circuit extraction for the proposed DGS fed dual band antenna has been discussed in detail. Because of its stable radiation patterns with low cross polarization,miniature size, high average antenna gain of 2.5dBi
and good electromagnetic characteristics, the proposed antenna is a promising candidate for dual mode wireless communication devices.
PLANAR ACS FED DUAL BAND ANTENNA WITH DGS FOR WIRELESS APPLICATIONS jantjournal
A novel Asymmetric Coplanar Strip (ACS) fed antenna with Defected Ground Structure (DGS) suitable for dual application is presented. The Method of Moments (MoM) based mentor graphics IE3D electromagnetic solver has been used for this design. Dual band operation has been obtained by modifying the ground plane of the proposed design with spur-slots. It has been fabricated and tested with the overall size of 21x15x1.6 mm3. The measured results indicate that the proposed
antenna yields <-10dB impedance bandwidth of 13.13% and 9.86% which meets the requirement of 3.5GHz and 5.5GHz Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) and World Wide Interoperability Microwave Access (WiMAX) applications. The approximate lumped equivalent circuit extraction for
the proposed DGS fed dual band antenna has been discussed in detail. Because of its stable radiation patterns with low cross polarization,miniature size, high average antenna gain of 2.5dBi
and good electromagnetic characteristics, the proposed antenna is a promising candidate for dual mode wireless communication devices.
PLANAR ACS FED DUAL BAND ANTENNA WITH DGS FOR WIRELESS APPLICATIONS jantjournal
A novel Asymmetric Coplanar Strip (ACS) fed antenna with Defected Ground Structure (DGS) suitable for dual application is presented. The Method of Moments (MoM) based mentor graphics IE3D electromagnetic solver has been used for this design. Dual band operation has been obtained by modifying the ground plane of the proposed design with spur-slots. It has been fabricated and tested with the overall size of 21x15x1.6 mm3 The measured results indicate that the proposed antenna yields <-10dB impedance bandwidth of 13.13% and 9.86% which meets the requirement of 3.5GHz and 5.5GHz Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) and World Wide Interoperability
Microwave Access (WiMAX) applications. The approximate lumped equivalent circuit extraction for the proposed DGS fed dual band antenna has been discussed in detail. Because of its stable radiation patterns with low cross polarization,miniature size, high average antenna gain of 2.5dBi and good electromagnetic characteristics, the proposed antenna is a promising candidate for dual mode wireless communication devices.
PLANAR ACS FED DUAL BAND ANTENNA WITH DGS FOR WIRELESS APPLICATIONSjantjournal
A novel Asymmetric Coplanar Strip (ACS) fed antenna with Defected Ground Structure (DGS) suitable for dual application is presented. The Method of Moments (MoM) based mentor graphics IE3D electromagnetic solver has been used for this design. Dual band operation has been obtained by modifying the ground plane of the proposed design with spur-slots. It has been fabricated and tested with the overall size of 21x15x1.6 mm3. The measured results indicate that the proposed antenna yields <-10dB impedance bandwidth of 13.13% and 9.86% which meets the requirement of 3.5GHz and 5.5GHz Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) and World Wide Interoperability
Microwave Access (WiMAX) applications. The approximate lumped equivalent circuit extraction for the proposed DGS fed dual band antenna has been discussed in detail. Because of its stable radiation patterns with low cross polarization,miniature size, high average antenna gain of 2.5dBi and good electromagnetic characteristics, the proposed antenna is a promising candidate for dual mode wireless communication devices.
PLANAR ACS FED DUAL BAND ANTENNA WITH DGS FOR WIRELESS APPLICATIONS jantjournal
A novel Asymmetric Coplanar Strip (ACS) fed antenna with Defected Ground Structure (DGS) suitable for dual application is presented. The Method of Moments (MoM) based mentor graphics IE3D electromagnetic solver has been used for this design. Dual band operation has been obtained by modifying the ground plane of the proposed design with spur-slots. It has been fabricated and tested with the overall size of 21x15x1.6 mm3. The measured results indicate that the proposed antenna yields <-10dB impedance bandwidth of 13.13% and 9.86% which meets the requirement of 3.5GHz and 5.5GHz Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) and World Wide Interoperability Microwave Access (WiMAX) applications. The approximate lumped equivalent circuit extraction for the proposed DGS fed dual band antenna has been discussed in detail. Because of its stable radiation patterns with low cross polarization,miniature size, high average antenna gain of 2.5dBi and good electromagnetic characteristics, the proposed antenna is a promising candidate for dual mode wireless communication devices.
Size Reduction and Gain Enhancement of a Microstrip Antenna using Partially D...IJECEIAES
Microwave engineers have been known to designedly created defects in the shape of carved out patterns on the ground plane of microstrip circuits and transmission lines for a long time, although their implementations to the antennas are comparatively new. The term Defected Ground Structure (DGS), precisely means a single or finite number of defects. At the beginning, DGS was employed underneath printed feed lines to suppress higher harmonics. Then DGS was directly integrated with antennas to improve the radiation characteristics, gain and to suppress mutual coupling between adjacent elements. Since then, the DGS techniques have been explored extensively and have led to many possible applications in the communication industry. The objective of this paper is to design and investigate microstrip patch antenna that operates at 2.4 GHz for Wireless Local Area Network WLAN IEEE 802.11b/g/n, ,Zigbee, Wireless HART, Bluetooth and several proprietary technologies that operate in the 2.4 GHz band. The design of the proposed antenna involves using partially Defected Ground Structure and circular/cross slots and compare it to the traditional microstrip patch antenna. The results show improvement in both the gain of 3.45 dB and the S11 response of -22.3 dB along with reduction in the overall dimensions of the antenna. As a conclusion, the performance of the antenna has been improved through the incorporation with the DGS and slots structures regarding the S11 response and the gain. The proposed antenna become more compact. Finally, the radiation pattern of proposed antenna has remained directional in spite of adding slots on the ground plane.
A ring monopole quad band antenna loaded with metamaterial and slots for wire...journalBEEI
The present wireless applications demand a compact, multi-operated, and stable radiation pattern antenna with good gain and impedance matching performance. To accomplish this requirement. In this paper, we propose a compact metamaterial structure loaded quad band antenna. The structural specifications/layout of the antenna consists of a circular ring monopole fed by a microstrip line. The ground part of the antenna is loaded with a metamaterial rectangular split-ring resonator (RSRR), an L-shaped slot, and two horizontally placed rectangular slots parallel to each other. No external matching circuit is utilized and impedance matching is solely controlled by the placement of slots. The antenna shows operation at 2.1 GHz (2.01-2.24 GHz, a bandwidth of 230 MHz (WLAN)), 4.5 GHz (4.35-4.66 GHz, a bandwidth of 310 MHz (C-band)), 5.5 GHz (5.37-5.77 GHz bandwidth of 400 MHz (WiMAX)), and 7.2 GHz (7.08-7.33 GHz, a bandwidth of 250 MHz (satellite band)). The antenna exhibits good gain and stable radiation pattern in both the plane and thus can be utilized for aforementioned applications.
BODY ANTENNA WITH DGS FOR BODY CENTRIC WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMjantjournal
This paper presents modified patch antenna for 3 GHz and 5 GHz operating frequencies. Here different approaches are studied by varying slot sizes, defected ground size, notch and also changing feed position. Insertion of slots gives dual frequency operation. Notch provides shifting of lower frequency band towards left hand side. Here combined effect of each techniques adopted gives desired result. Proposed antenna resonates for 3 and 5 GHz frequency. Simulation is done using IE3D software for various parameters. Return loss of final design was -12.17 dB for 3 GHz frequency and VSWR of 1.65. For 5 GHz simulation response was -10.04dB return loss and VSWR of 1.91. Proposed antenna is fabricated giving different details. Paper gives good agreement between measured and simulated results.
BODY ANTENNA WITH DGS FOR BODY CENTRIC WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMjantjournal
This paper presents modified patch antenna for 3 GHz and 5 GHz operating frequencies. Here different approaches are studied by varying slot sizes, defected ground size, notch and also changing feed position. Insertion of slots gives dual frequency operation. Notch provides shifting of lower frequency band towards left hand side. Here combined effect of each techniques adopted gives desired result. Proposed antenna resonates for 3 and 5 GHz frequency. Simulation is done using IE3D software for various parameters. Return loss of final design was -12.17 dB for 3 GHz frequency and VSWR of 1.65. For 5 GHz simulation response was -10.04dB return loss and VSWR of 1.91. Proposed antenna is fabricated giving different details. Paper gives good agreement between measured and simulated results.
BODY ANTENNA WITH DGS FOR BODY CENTRIC WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMjantjournal
This paper presents modified patch antenna for 3 GHz and 5 GHz operating frequencies. Here different approaches are studied by varying slot sizes, defected ground size, notch and also changing feed position. Insertion of slots gives dual frequency operation. Notch provides shifting of lower frequency band towards left hand side. Here combined effect of each techniques adopted gives desired result. Proposed antenna resonates for 3 and 5 GHz frequency. Simulation is done using IE3D software for various parameters. Return loss of final design was -12.17 dB for 3 GHz frequency and VSWR of 1.65. For 5 GHz simulation response was -10.04dB return loss and VSWR of 1.91. Proposed antenna is fabricated giving different details. Paper gives good agreement between measured and simulated results.
BODY ANTENNA WITH DGS FOR BODY CENTRIC WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMjantjournal
This paper presents modified patch antenna for 3 GHz and 5 GHz operating frequencies. Here different approaches are studied by varying slot sizes, defected ground size, notch and also changing feed position. Insertion of slots gives dual frequency operation. Notch provides shifting of lower frequency band towards left hand side. Here combined effect of each techniques adopted gives desired result. Proposed antenna resonates for 3 and 5 GHz frequency. Simulation is done using IE3D software for various parameters. Return loss of final design was -12.17 dB for 3 GHz frequency and VSWR of 1.65. For 5 GHz simulation response was -10.04dB return loss and VSWR of 1.91. Proposed antenna is fabricated giving different details. Paper gives good agreement between measured and simulated results.
BODY ANTENNA WITH DGS FOR BODY CENTRIC WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMjantjournal
This paper presents modified patch antenna for 3 GHz and 5 GHz operating frequencies. Here different approaches are studied by varying slot sizes, defected ground size, notch and also changing feed position. Insertion of slots gives dual frequency operation. Notch provides shifting of lower frequency band towards left hand side. Here combined effect of each techniques adopted gives desired result. Proposed antenna resonates for 3 and 5 GHz frequency. Simulation is done using IE3D software for various parameters. Return loss of final design was -12.17 dB for 3 GHz frequency and VSWR of 1.65. For 5 GHz simulation response was -10.04dB return loss and VSWR of 1.91. Proposed antenna is fabricated giving different details. Paper gives good agreement between measured and simulated results.
BODY ANTENNA WITH DGS FOR BODY CENTRIC WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMjantjournal
This paper presents modified patch antenna for 3 GHz and 5 GHz operating frequencies. Here different approaches are studied by varying slot sizes, defected ground size, notch and also changing feed position. Insertion of slots gives dual frequency operation. Notch provides shifting of lower frequency band towards left hand side. Here combined effect of each techniques adopted gives desired result. Proposed antenna resonates for 3 and 5 GHz frequency. Simulation is done using IE3D software for various parameters. Return loss of final design was -12.17 dB for 3 GHz frequency and VSWR of 1.65. For 5 GHz simulation response was -10.04dB return loss and VSWR of 1.91. Proposed antenna is fabricated giving different details. Paper gives good agreement between measured and simulated results.
BODY ANTENNA WITH DGS FOR BODY CENTRIC WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMjantjournal
This paper presents modified patch antenna for 3 GHz and 5 GHz operating frequencies. Here different approaches are studied by varying slot sizes, defected ground size, notch and also changing feed position. Insertion of slots gives dual frequency operation. Notch provides shifting of lower frequency band towards left hand side. Here combined effect of each techniques adopted gives desired result. Proposed antenna
resonates for 3 and 5 GHz frequency. Simulation is done using IE3D software for various parameters. Return loss of final design was -12.17 dB for 3 GHz frequency and VSWR of 1.65. For 5 GHz simulation response was -10.04dB return loss and VSWR of 1.91. Proposed antenna is fabricated giving different
details. Paper gives good agreement between measured and simulated results.
BODY ANTENNA WITH DGS FOR BODY CENTRIC WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMjantjournal
This paper presents modified patch antenna for 3 GHz and 5 GHz operating frequencies. Here different approaches are studied by varying slot sizes, defected ground size, notch and also changing feed position. Insertion of slots gives dual frequency operation. Notch provides shifting of lower frequency band towards left hand side. Here combined effect of each techniques adopted gives desired result. Proposed antenna resonates for 3 and 5 GHz frequency. Simulation is done using IE3D software for various parameters. Return loss of final design was -12.17 dB for 3 GHz frequency and VSWR of 1.65. For 5 GHz simulation response was -10.04dB return loss and VSWR of 1.91. Proposed antenna is fabricated giving different
details. Paper gives good agreement between measured and simulated results.
BODY ANTENNA WITH DGS FOR BODY CENTRIC WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMjantjournal
This paper presents modified patch antenna for 3 GHz and 5 GHz operating frequencies. Here different approaches are studied by varying slot sizes, defected ground size, notch and also changing feed position. Insertion of slots gives dual frequency operation. Notch provides shifting of lower frequency band towards left hand side. Here combined effect of each techniques adopted gives desired result. Proposed antenna
resonates for 3 and 5 GHz frequency. Simulation is done using IE3D software for various parameters. Return loss of final design was -12.17 dB for 3 GHz frequency and VSWR of 1.65. For 5 GHz simulation response was -10.04dB return loss and VSWR of 1.91. Proposed antenna is fabricated giving different
details. Paper gives good agreement between measured and simulated results.
BODY ANTENNA WITH DGS FOR BODY CENTRIC WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMjantjournal
This paper presents modified patch antenna for 3 GHz and 5 GHz operating frequencies. Here different approaches are studied by varying slot sizes, defected ground size, notch and also changing feed position. Insertion of slots gives dual frequency operation. Notch provides shifting of lower frequency band towards left hand side. Here combined effect of each techniques adopted gives desired result. Proposed antenna
resonates for 3 and 5 GHz frequency. Simulation is done using IE3D software for various parameters. Return loss of final design was -12.17 dB for 3 GHz frequency and VSWR of 1.65. For 5 GHz simulation response was -10.04dB return loss and VSWR of 1.91. Proposed antenna is fabricated giving different
details. Paper gives good agreement between measured and simulated results.
A dual-frequency microstrip patch antennas has been presented and used for 802.11WLAN
applications. The antennas had been designed, simulated and parametrically studied in CST Microwave
studio. By introducing u-slot, dual-band operation with its operating mode centered at frequency 2.4GHz,
3.65GHz and 5.2GHz had been obtained. The gain and directivity had been improved by adjusting the
parameters of the antennas. The gain of the proposed designs was 6.019dBi, 4.04dBi and 6.22dBi and
directivity was 6.02dBi, 4.05dBi and 6.22dBi at resonant frequencies 2.4GHz, 3.6GHz and 5.2GHz
respectively. The patch antennas had been proposed to be used in portable devices that require
miniaturized constituent parts.
BODY ANTENNA WITH DGS FOR BODY CENTRIC WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMjantjournal
This paper presents modified patch antenna for 3 GHz and 5 GHz operating frequencies. Here different approaches are studied by varying slot sizes, defected ground size, notch and also changing feed position. Insertion of slots gives dual frequency operation. Notch provides shifting of lower frequency band towards left hand side. Here combined effect of each techniques adopted gives desired result. Proposed antenna resonates for 3 and 5 GHz frequency. Simulation is done using IE3D software for various parameters. Return loss of final design was -12.17 dB for 3 GHz frequency and VSWR of 1.65. For 5 GHz simulation response was -10.04dB return loss and VSWR of 1.91. Proposed antenna is fabricated giving different details. Paper gives good agreement between measured and simulated results.
BODY ANTENNA WITH DGS FOR BODY CENTRIC WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMjantjournal
This paper presents modified patch antenna for 3 GHz and 5 GHz operating frequencies. Here different approaches are studied by varying slot sizes, defected ground size, notch and also changing feed position. Insertion of slots gives dual frequency operation. Notch provides shifting of lower frequency band towards left hand side. Here combined effect of each techniques adopted gives desired result. Proposed antenna resonates for 3 and 5 GHz frequency. Simulation is done using IE3D software for various parameters. Return loss of final design was -12.17 dB for 3 GHz frequency and VSWR of 1.65. For 5 GHz simulation response was -10.04dB return loss and VSWR of 1.91. Proposed antenna is fabricated giving different details. Paper gives good agreement between measured and simulated results.
BODY ANTENNA WITH DGS FOR BODY CENTRIC WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMjantjournal
This paper presents modified patch antenna for 3 GHz and 5 GHz operating frequencies. Here different approaches are studied by varying slot sizes, defected ground size, notch and also changing feed position. Insertion of slots gives dual frequency operation. Notch provides shifting of lower frequency band towards left hand side. Here combined effect of each techniques adopted gives desired result. Proposed antenna resonates for 3 and 5 GHz frequency. Simulation is done using IE3D software for various parameters. Return loss of final design was -12.17 dB for 3 GHz frequency and VSWR of 1.65. For 5 GHz simulation response was -10.04dB return loss and VSWR of 1.91. Proposed antenna is fabricated giving different details. Paper gives good agreement between measured and simulated results.
A four-element UWB MIMO antenna using SRRs for application in satellite commu...IJECEIAES
This paper proposes a method for designing a new ultra wide band (UWB) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna with two and four elements. First we presented an ultra-wide band antenna we studied these performances. Then, we studied the application of metamaterials to the design of MIMO antennas for miniaturization and the performance of antennas, in order to guarantee the proper functioning of the MIMO system with a much reduced separation distance between the radiating elements (λ/12), where the coupling can be very weak. The application of these circular double ring SRRs materials on the front plan of the antenna has contributed to the increasing of the antenna performance is studied in terms of S-Parameters, efficiency, diversity gain (DG), radiation properties and envelop correlation coefficient (ECC). It offers advantages such as the reduction of weight and congestion that is beneficial for their integration into satellite communications systems.
BODY ANTENNA WITH DGS FOR BODY CENTRIC WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMjantjournal
This paper presents modified patch antenna for 3 GHz and 5 GHz operating frequencies. Here different approaches are studied by varying slot sizes, defected ground size, notch and also changing feed position. Insertion of slots gives dual frequency operation. Notch provides shifting of lower frequency band towards left hand side. Here combined effect of each techniques adopted gives desired result. Proposed antenna resonates for 3 and 5 GHz frequency. Simulation is done using IE3D software for various parameters. Return loss of final design was -12.17 dB for 3 GHz frequency and VSWR of 1.65. For 5 GHz simulation response was -10.04dB return loss and VSWR of 1.91. Proposed antenna is fabricated giving different details. Paper gives good agreement between measured and simulated results.
BODY ANTENNA WITH DGS FOR BODY CENTRIC WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMjantjournal
This paper presents modified patch antenna for 3 GHz and 5 GHz operating frequencies. Here different approaches are studied by varying slot sizes, defected ground size, notch and also changing feed position. Insertion of slots gives dual frequency operation. Notch provides shifting of lower frequency band towards left hand side. Here combined effect of each techniques adopted gives desired result. Proposed antenna resonates for 3 and 5 GHz frequency. Simulation is done using IE3D software for various parameters. Return loss of final design was -12.17 dB for 3 GHz frequency and VSWR of 1.65. For 5 GHz simulation response was -10.04dB return loss and VSWR of 1.91. Proposed antenna is fabricated giving different details. Paper gives good agreement between measured and simulated results.
BODY ANTENNA WITH DGS FOR BODY CENTRIC WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMjantjournal
This paper presents modified patch antenna for 3 GHz and 5 GHz operating frequencies. Here different approaches are studied by varying slot sizes, defected ground size, notch and also changing feed position. Insertion of slots gives dual frequency operation. Notch provides shifting of lower frequency band towards left hand side. Here combined effect of each techniques adopted gives desired result. Proposed antenna resonates for 3 and 5 GHz frequency. Simulation is done using IE3D software for various parameters. Return loss of final design was -12.17 dB for 3 GHz frequency and VSWR of 1.65. For 5 GHz simulation response was -10.04dB return loss and VSWR of 1.91. Proposed antenna is fabricated giving different details. Paper gives good agreement between measured and simulated results.
BODY ANTENNA WITH DGS FOR BODY CENTRIC WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMjantjournal
This paper presents modified patch antenna for 3 GHz and 5 GHz operating frequencies. Here different approaches are studied by varying slot sizes, defected ground size, notch and also changing feed position. Insertion of slots gives dual frequency operation. Notch provides shifting of lower frequency band towards left hand side. Here combined effect of each techniques adopted gives desired result. Proposed antenna resonates for 3 and 5 GHz frequency. Simulation is done using IE3D software for various parameters. Return loss of final design was -12.17 dB for 3 GHz frequency and VSWR of 1.65. For 5 GHz simulation response was -10.04dB return loss and VSWR of 1.91. Proposed antenna is fabricated giving different details. Paper gives good agreement between measured and simulated results.
BODY ANTENNA WITH DGS FOR BODY CENTRIC WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMjantjournal
This paper presents modified patch antenna for 3 GHz and 5 GHz operating frequencies. Here different approaches are studied by varying slot sizes, defected ground size, notch and also changing feed position. Insertion of slots gives dual frequency operation. Notch provides shifting of lower frequency band towards left hand side. Here combined effect of each techniques adopted gives desired result. Proposed antenna resonates for 3 and 5 GHz frequency. Simulation is done using IE3D software for various parameters. Return loss of final design was -12.17 dB for 3 GHz frequency and VSWR of 1.65. For 5 GHz simulation response was -10.04dB return loss and VSWR of 1.91. Proposed antenna is fabricated giving different details. Paper gives good agreement between measured and simulated results.
BODY ANTENNA WITH DGS FOR BODY CENTRIC WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMjantjournal
This paper presents modified patch antenna for 3 GHz and 5 GHz operating frequencies. Here different approaches are studied by varying slot sizes, defected ground size, notch and also changing feed position. Insertion of slots gives dual frequency operation. Notch provides shifting of lower frequency band towards left hand side. Here combined effect of each techniques adopted gives desired result. Proposed antenna resonates for 3 and 5 GHz frequency. Simulation is done using IE3D software for various parameters. Return loss of final design was -12.17 dB for 3 GHz frequency and VSWR of 1.65. For 5 GHz simulation response was -10.04dB return loss and VSWR of 1.91. Proposed antenna is fabricated giving different details. Paper gives good agreement between measured and simulated results.
BODY ANTENNA WITH DGS FOR BODY CENTRIC WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMjantjournal
This paper presents modified patch antenna for 3 GHz and 5 GHz operating frequencies. Here different approaches are studied by varying slot sizes, defected ground size, notch and also changing feed position. Insertion of slots gives dual frequency operation. Notch provides shifting of lower frequency band towards left hand side. Here combined effect of each techniques adopted gives desired result. Proposed antenna
resonates for 3 and 5 GHz frequency. Simulation is done using IE3D software for various parameters. Return loss of final design was -12.17 dB for 3 GHz frequency and VSWR of 1.65. For 5 GHz simulation response was -10.04dB return loss and VSWR of 1.91. Proposed antenna is fabricated giving different
details. Paper gives good agreement between measured and simulated results.
BODY ANTENNA WITH DGS FOR BODY CENTRIC WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMjantjournal
This paper presents modified patch antenna for 3 GHz and 5 GHz operating frequencies. Here different approaches are studied by varying slot sizes, defected ground size, notch and also changing feed position. Insertion of slots gives dual frequency operation. Notch provides shifting of lower frequency band towards left hand side. Here combined effect of each techniques adopted gives desired result. Proposed antenna resonates for 3 and 5 GHz frequency. Simulation is done using IE3D software for various parameters. Return loss of final design was -12.17 dB for 3 GHz frequency and VSWR of 1.65. For 5 GHz simulation response was -10.04dB return loss and VSWR of 1.91. Proposed antenna is fabricated giving different
details. Paper gives good agreement between measured and simulated results.
BODY ANTENNA WITH DGS FOR BODY CENTRIC WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMjantjournal
This paper presents modified patch antenna for 3 GHz and 5 GHz operating frequencies. Here different approaches are studied by varying slot sizes, defected ground size, notch and also changing feed position. Insertion of slots gives dual frequency operation. Notch provides shifting of lower frequency band towards left hand side. Here combined effect of each techniques adopted gives desired result. Proposed antenna
resonates for 3 and 5 GHz frequency. Simulation is done using IE3D software for various parameters. Return loss of final design was -12.17 dB for 3 GHz frequency and VSWR of 1.65. For 5 GHz simulation response was -10.04dB return loss and VSWR of 1.91. Proposed antenna is fabricated giving different
details. Paper gives good agreement between measured and simulated results.
BODY ANTENNA WITH DGS FOR BODY CENTRIC WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMjantjournal
This paper presents modified patch antenna for 3 GHz and 5 GHz operating frequencies. Here different approaches are studied by varying slot sizes, defected ground size, notch and also changing feed position. Insertion of slots gives dual frequency operation. Notch provides shifting of lower frequency band towards left hand side. Here combined effect of each techniques adopted gives desired result. Proposed antenna
resonates for 3 and 5 GHz frequency. Simulation is done using IE3D software for various parameters. Return loss of final design was -12.17 dB for 3 GHz frequency and VSWR of 1.65. For 5 GHz simulation response was -10.04dB return loss and VSWR of 1.91. Proposed antenna is fabricated giving different
details. Paper gives good agreement between measured and simulated results.
A dual-frequency microstrip patch antennas has been presented and used for 802.11WLAN
applications. The antennas had been designed, simulated and parametrically studied in CST Microwave
studio. By introducing u-slot, dual-band operation with its operating mode centered at frequency 2.4GHz,
3.65GHz and 5.2GHz had been obtained. The gain and directivity had been improved by adjusting the
parameters of the antennas. The gain of the proposed designs was 6.019dBi, 4.04dBi and 6.22dBi and
directivity was 6.02dBi, 4.05dBi and 6.22dBi at resonant frequencies 2.4GHz, 3.6GHz and 5.2GHz
respectively. The patch antennas had been proposed to be used in portable devices that require
miniaturized constituent parts.
BODY ANTENNA WITH DGS FOR BODY CENTRIC WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMjantjournal
This paper presents modified patch antenna for 3 GHz and 5 GHz operating frequencies. Here different approaches are studied by varying slot sizes, defected ground size, notch and also changing feed position. Insertion of slots gives dual frequency operation. Notch provides shifting of lower frequency band towards left hand side. Here combined effect of each techniques adopted gives desired result. Proposed antenna resonates for 3 and 5 GHz frequency. Simulation is done using IE3D software for various parameters. Return loss of final design was -12.17 dB for 3 GHz frequency and VSWR of 1.65. For 5 GHz simulation response was -10.04dB return loss and VSWR of 1.91. Proposed antenna is fabricated giving different details. Paper gives good agreement between measured and simulated results.
BODY ANTENNA WITH DGS FOR BODY CENTRIC WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMjantjournal
This paper presents modified patch antenna for 3 GHz and 5 GHz operating frequencies. Here different approaches are studied by varying slot sizes, defected ground size, notch and also changing feed position. Insertion of slots gives dual frequency operation. Notch provides shifting of lower frequency band towards left hand side. Here combined effect of each techniques adopted gives desired result. Proposed antenna resonates for 3 and 5 GHz frequency. Simulation is done using IE3D software for various parameters. Return loss of final design was -12.17 dB for 3 GHz frequency and VSWR of 1.65. For 5 GHz simulation response was -10.04dB return loss and VSWR of 1.91. Proposed antenna is fabricated giving different details. Paper gives good agreement between measured and simulated results.
BODY ANTENNA WITH DGS FOR BODY CENTRIC WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMjantjournal
This paper presents modified patch antenna for 3 GHz and 5 GHz operating frequencies. Here different approaches are studied by varying slot sizes, defected ground size, notch and also changing feed position. Insertion of slots gives dual frequency operation. Notch provides shifting of lower frequency band towards left hand side. Here combined effect of each techniques adopted gives desired result. Proposed antenna resonates for 3 and 5 GHz frequency. Simulation is done using IE3D software for various parameters. Return loss of final design was -12.17 dB for 3 GHz frequency and VSWR of 1.65. For 5 GHz simulation response was -10.04dB return loss and VSWR of 1.91. Proposed antenna is fabricated giving different details. Paper gives good agreement between measured and simulated results.
A four-element UWB MIMO antenna using SRRs for application in satellite commu...IJECEIAES
This paper proposes a method for designing a new ultra wide band (UWB) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna with two and four elements. First we presented an ultra-wide band antenna we studied these performances. Then, we studied the application of metamaterials to the design of MIMO antennas for miniaturization and the performance of antennas, in order to guarantee the proper functioning of the MIMO system with a much reduced separation distance between the radiating elements (λ/12), where the coupling can be very weak. The application of these circular double ring SRRs materials on the front plan of the antenna has contributed to the increasing of the antenna performance is studied in terms of S-Parameters, efficiency, diversity gain (DG), radiation properties and envelop correlation coefficient (ECC). It offers advantages such as the reduction of weight and congestion that is beneficial for their integration into satellite communications systems.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
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TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
block diagram and signal flow graph representation
PLANAR ACS FED DUAL BAND ANTENNA WITH DGS FOR WIRELESS APPLICATIONS
1. International Journal of Antennas (JANT) Vol.2, No.1, January 2016
DOI: 10.5121/jant.2016.2103 23
PLANAR ACS FED DUAL BAND ANTENNA
WITH DGS FOR WIRELESS APPLICATIONS
Ansal K A1
and T Shanmuganantham2
12
Department of Electronics Engineering, Pondicherry Central University, Puducherry
ABSTRACT
A novel Asymmetric Coplanar Strip (ACS) fed antenna with Defected Ground Structure (DGS)
suitable for dual application is presented. The Method of Moments (MoM) based mentor graphics
IE3D electromagnetic solver has been used for this design. Dual band operation has been obtained
by modifying the ground plane of the proposed design with spur-slots. It has been fabricated and
tested with the overall size of 21x15x1.6 mm3
. The measured results indicate that the proposed
antenna yields <-10dB impedance bandwidth of 13.13% and 9.86% which meets the requirement of
3.5GHz and 5.5GHz Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) and World Wide Interoperability
Microwave Access (WiMAX) applications. The approximate lumped equivalent circuit extraction for
the proposed DGS fed dual band antenna has been discussed in detail. Because of its stable
radiation patterns with low cross polarization,miniature size, high average antenna gain of 2.5dBi
and good electromagnetic characteristics, the proposed antenna is a promising candidate for dual
mode wireless communication devices.
KEYWORDS
Asymmetric coplanar strip,Coplanar waveguide,Defected ground structure,Dual band antennas.
1. INTRODUCTION
The tremendous demand for wireless portable gadget of high data rate communication
requires need of integration for different radio module in a limited space. As a result, recently
researchers have been mainly focusing on a development of highly miniaturized and low
profile antennas. The coplanar waveguide antennas are promising candidates because of their
attractive features like lightweight, broad bandwidth, uniplanar structure and easy integration
with monolithic microwave integrated circuit. The two main design constraints for the design
and development of compact planar antennas are their miniaturization and multiband
performance. In general antenna designers to achieve multiband operations by modifying the
radiator by adopting two design strategies. The first approach is to create a several radiators
which contribute different resonances is starting from the same feeder i.e., the branched
radiators. The second approach is to elongate the physical length of the main radiator to
obtain the multiple resonant modes. However, by creating several branched radiators from
the single feeder may occupy a large space, hence it increases the resulting antenna
physically larger than the desired volume. So in this article a new miniaturization strategy is
employed
Several investigations have been carried out to study the miniaturization of CPW fed dual
band antennas like Lai et al. [1] presented miniaturization of CPW fed antenna with reactive
termination and truncated bilateral ground plane. Liu et al. [2] presented a triple-band
coplanar waveguide-fed monopole antenna with multiple branch strips for wireless
applications. Chow Yen [3] proposed a dual band CPW fed antenna with asymmetrical
ground for bandwidth enhancement which consists of two ground plane that are
2. International Journal of Antennas (JANT) Vol.2, No.1, January 2016
24
unsymmetrical, by varying the length of the ground plane to achieve broad bandwidth.
However, the entire antenna occupies large ground plane which is bulky in nature. Sujith et
al.[4] reported an architecture of CPW fed uniplanar antenna for multiband wireless
applications. Amandeep Singh et al. [5] proposed a novel coplanar waveguide fed wideband
printed monopole antenna with defected ground for wireless application. Yuanfu Liu et al.
[6] reported a tri-band CPW fed stepped monopole antenna with inverted L-strip for
WiMAX/WLAN application. Deepu et al. [7, 8] demonstrated a compact asymmetrical
coplanar strip fed uniplanar antenna formixed band mobile communication and WLAN has
achieved more compact size by using single lateral ground strip instead of twin lateral
ground strip in the CPW feed. Yuan et al. [9] presented a compact asymmetric coplanar fed
monopole antenna employing inverted L branches for WiMAX and WLAN application.
Yingsong Li et al. [10, 11] proposed different miniaturized asymmetric coplanar strip
antennas for multiband and wideband application. Askarali et al. [12] presented an
asymmetric strip fed dual band antenna for DCS/WLAN application. Bo Li et al. [13]
reported a triple band slot antenna with U-shape stub fed by asymmetric coplanar strip for
WLAN and WiMAX applications deploys an open-ended stub which acts as parasites near to
the exciting strip, for tuning the antenna into their required band of operation. But here, we
proposed an antenna with open-ended tuning slit for tuning the desired band. Different types
of design for various user requirements have been reported in [14-18]. These designs have
complex structures and difficult to integrate with WLAN systems. In this paper, a simple
compact ACS fed dual band antenna with defected ground structure operating at 3.5 GHz and
5.5GHz for WiMAX and WLAN applications are presented. This proposed design exhibit all
the advantages of conventional CPW fed design along with more compactness.
The use of ground planes with discontinuities in the planar transmission lines is currently
employed to improve the performance of different passive circuits, the enhancement of
filter/antenna characteristics and applications to suppress harmonics in the antennas. On the
other hand, a new proposal called defected ground structure [19] has been successfully used
for miniaturization and tuning for antennas into their desired band of operation. The DGS is
an etched lattices on the ground plane of planar transmission line (e.g., micro strip, coplanar
and conductor backed coplanar waveguide etc.) which is periodic or non-periodic in
configuration that disturbs the shield current distribution in the ground plane. As a result,
there is a change in the characteristics of a transmission line such as line capacitance and
inductance.
2. ANTENNA GEOMETRY
The geometry of proposed ACS-fed antenna with U-shaped ground plane for dual band
operation is shown in Fig.1. The antenna presented here is printed on a substrate with relative
permittivity of εr=4.4 and height h=1.6mm. A slit of width w=0.5mm introduced in the
ground plane for tuning the antenna into the desired band of resonance. The dimensions of
the lateral ground plane are optimized at 12x10mm2
by which the defect is realized. The gap
width g=0.35mm optimized to get good impedance matching
The design equations [20, 21] for the perfect matching of impedance are given below;
)
1
(
)
(
)
(
60
1
k
K
k
K
Z
eff
o
ε
π
=
Where, from Fig.1 c
3. International Journal of Antennas (JANT) Vol.2, No.1, January 2016
25
and 1
( )
( )
K k
K k
is the elliptical integral of first kind which is given by;
1
1
1
1
0
2
2(1 )
ln
(1 )
( )
(3)
( ) 1 1
1
2(1 ) 2
ln
(1 )
k
k
k
K k
K k
k
k
k
π
π
≤ ≤
+
−
=
≤ ≤
+
−
1
(4)
2
r
eff
ε
ε
+
=
Fig.1 (a) Design layout of the proposed antenna (b) Photograph of the fabricated proposed
antenna (c) Side view
Table 1.Proposed antenna specifications (in mm)
Parameters
LS WS L g Wg Lb L1 L2 L3 L4 w θ s g
)
2
(
1 2
1
k
k
b
a
k
−
=
=
4. International Journal of Antennas (JANT) Vol.2, No.1, January 2016
26
Values(mm) 21 3 10 10 3 4 3 1 2 0.5 1000
0.5 0.35
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
The design and simulation and analysis of the proposed antenna have been performed using the
commercially available Mentor GraphicsIE3D 15.10 electromagnetic solver software. The
prototype of the presented antenna has been fabricated and measured as shown in figure 1, and it
is experimentally validated using HP8510C vector network analyzer (VNA). The simulated and
measured return loss characteristics of ACS fed proposed antenna is given in fig.2. It is observed
that antenna resonates at 3.5GHz and 5.5GHz with good matching. It exhibits impedance
bandwidth of 425MHz at (3.25GHz-3.65GHz) and 550MHz (5.3GHz-5.85GHz) in the 3.5GHz
and 5.5GHz bands respectively.
Figure. 2 Return Loss of the Proposed Antenna
In this article, an ACS fed dual band antenna for WiMAX /WLAN application is proposed. The
bands are realized by etching a tapered spur slot symmetrically on the radiating ground plane. The
parametric study of the proposed antenna with and without ground defect is shown in figure.3.
We can see that with defects the resonance are obtained at 3.45GHz and 5.5GHz by including
open-ended tuning slit. Consequently, the resonance brings down and obtains an average return
loss about -28dB. Here, we can notice that the tuning slit also plays an important role in bringing
down the resonance to match with 50Ω characteristics impedance of the ACS feed line.
5. International Journal of Antennas (JANT) Vol.2, No.1, January 2016
27
Figure.3 Comparison of return loss with andwithout DGS
Figure.4Comparison of return loss characteristics by varying Lb
The length of the tuning slit is about the quarter of the guided wavelength calculated at lower
band of resonance. The fig. 4 shows the comparison of return loss characteristics by varying
open-ended tuning slit of length Lb by keeping all other parameters are constant. Here, we can
notice that Lb has influence on both bands of resonance with Lb =3mm proposed antenna yields
optimum resonance at 3.5GHz and 5.5 GHz. The parameter Lb can be used for tuning the antenna
at various adjacent frequencies.
The return loss characteristics of the antenna using different types of substrate materials are
shown in fig.5.Here we can see that the substrate material is an important parameter for the
6. International Journal of Antennas (JANT) Vol.2, No.1, January 2016
28
antenna design. Thus, proposed antenna yields optimum result for FR4 epoxy substrate with
permittivity of 4.4 and loss tangent of 0.02. The different materials properties are shown in Table
2.
Table. 2 Material properties of the various dielectric materials
Substrate Permittivity Loss tangent
Thickness
(mm)
FR4 4.4 0.02 1.6
RT5880 2.2 0.0015 1.6
RT5870 2.33 0.0012 1.6
RT6010 10.2 0.002 1.6
Bio Plastic 15 0.002 1.6
Fig.6 shows the simulation result of the reflection coefficientof the antenna for FR4 substrate
thicknessesof 0.5 mm, 0.8 mm, 1 mm and 1.6 mm. FromFig. 4,it is clearly observed that the best
performanceof the proposed antenna hasbeen noticed byusing a thicknessof 1.6 mm. Because,
substrate’s thickness will increases theradiated power and to improve the performance.
The Fig. 7 shows measured E and H-plane 2D radiation patterns of the antenna at 3.5GHz and
5.5GHz respectively. The radiation patterns are omni-directional at lower and upper resonance in
H- plane and in E-plane, radiation patterns are bidirectional. The cross polarization levels are
minimum when compared to co-polarization levels for both E and H plane. The patterns are
slightly asymmetric because of the asymmetry in antenna feeding configuration. The polarization
of the antenna is also experimentally tested and determined and it is found that the antenna is
linearly polarized along X-axis for the dual-band of operation.
7. International Journal of Antennas (JANT) Vol.2, No.1, January 2016
29
Figure.5 Comparison between reflection coefficient for different types of substrate
Figure.6 Reflection coefficient characteristics for different values of substrate thickness
8. International Journal of Antennas (JANT) Vol.2, No.1, January 2016
30
(a)
(b)
Figure. 7. Measured 2D radiation pattern of the antenna at E-plane and H- plane
(a) At 3.5GHz (b) At 5.5GHz
To study the excitation of the antenna, simulated surface current distributions at two resonant
frequencies are shown in Fig. 8. From the figure it can be noticed that at lower resonant
frequency of 3.5GHz, the surface current density is more concentrated on the left side spur slot on
the ground plane where for the 5.5GHz current is more perturbed across the right side spur slot.
The open-ended tuning slit also plays an important role in bringing down the resonance to match
with 50Ω characteristics impedance of the ACS feed line.
9. International Journal of Antennas (JANT) Vol.2, No.1, January 2016
31
Figure.8 Simulated 3D surface current distribution of proposed antenna (a) At 3.5GHz (b) At 5.5GHz
The lumped equivalent model of the proposed design using RLC tank circuit which is connected
in series is given in Fig.9. The circuit parameters are extracted and simulated by mentor graphics
IE3D modua. The optimised values are obtained by after a large number of iterations and data
fitting are R1=47.3Ω,L1=0.31nH,C1=7.02pF and R2=48.08Ω, L2=0.14nH,C2=5.36pF.. The
comparison of the reflection characteristics of the proposed structure with EM simulated and
circuit simulated results are shown in figure .10. Here, it can be found that the results are showing
good conformity between both.The circuit analysis is based on the flow chart is shown in
figure.11
0 2
11
1
2 1 (5)
R Z
S
= − Ω
( )
2 2
0.5
(6)
c
c p
f
C pF
f f
π
=
−
2 2
0
1
(7)
4
L nH
f C
π
=
The physical dimensions of the DGS affect the equivalent circuit parameters. The equivalent RLC circuit
parameters of the DGS section should be extracted by the equations given above,where as the p
f is the
pole frequency and c
f is the cut off frequency of approximated RLC circuit.
For finding the input impedance of the chosen center frequency,
10. International Journal of Antennas (JANT) Vol.2, No.1, January 2016
2 2
1 1 1
in
Z
R L C
=
Using following relations [22] the values of the input impedance, the reflection coefficient, VS
loss can be computed.
Reflection Coefficient,
Return Loss = 10 log
Fig. 9 Lumped equivalent model of the antenna
Figure. 10 Comparison between return loss ch
International Journal of Antennas (JANT) Vol.2, No.1, January 2016
2 2
1
(8)
1 1 1
R L C
ω ω
+ −
the values of the input impedance, the reflection coefficient, VS
Reflection Coefficient,
0
0
(9)
in
in
Z Z
Z Z
γ
−
=
+
1
(1 0 )
1
V S W R
γ
γ
+
=
−
Return Loss = 10 log 2
1
γ
=- 20 log (11)
γ
Lumped equivalent model of the antenna
Comparison between return loss characteristics circuit and EM simulation
32
the values of the input impedance, the reflection coefficient, VSWR, return
and EM simulation
11. International Journal of Antennas (JANT) Vol.2, No.1, January 2016
33
Figure. 11Flow chart for the equivalent circuit analysis
Table. 3 Comaparison of gain and area of antenna with existing literatures
Published
Literatures
Antenna
purpose Peak Gain(dBi) Size(mm2
)
proposed WLAN/WiMAX 3.9 21x15
[7] WLAN/WiMAX 2.2 30x28
[8] WLAN/WiMAX 1.9 21x19
[10] WLAN/WiMAX 3.5 28x12.5
[12] WLAN/WiMAX 1.21 37.5x24
[13] WLAN/WiMAX 3.5 35x19
The comparison between the overall size and gain of the antenna with already existing literatures
are given in Table 3. Here, it can be found that the antenna has achieved a noticeable reduction in
the area. The gain of the proposed structure is moderate as well as good. Fig. 12, shows the
12. International Journal of Antennas (JANT) Vol.2, No.1, January 2016
34
comparison between simulated and measured gain characterstics of the antenna. The average gain
of proposed antenna is 2.5dBi in the first band of resonance and 3.9dBi in the second band of
resonance, corresponding efficiencies about 76% and 82% respectively. So that the proposed
structure isuseful for the present and future wireless portable gadgets
2.1. General Format, Page Layout and Margins
Standard A4 (210mm x 297mm) portrait page set-up should be used. The left, right, top and
bottom margins should be 30mm. Do not use any headers, footers or footnotes. No page
numbers. Single column. All main text paragraphs, including the abstract, must be fully (left and
right) justified. All text, including title, authors, headings, captions and body, will be Times New
Roman font.
2.2. Title
The title is to be written in 20 pt. Garamond font, centred and using the bold and “Small Caps”
formats. There should be 24 pt. (paragraph) spacing after the last line.
Figure.12 Comparison between measured and simulated gain characteristics in
lower band of resonance and upper band of resonance
CONCLUSIONS
In this article main focus is given on the feed radiator as well as ground plane. The asymmetric
coplanar strip planar feed is used here instead of coplanar waveguide and the use of ground plane
modification with defected ground structure for further miniaturization. Here a novel compact
ACS-fed dual band antenna with defected ground plane for WiMAX/WLAN application is
proposed with a compact size of 21x15x1.6mm3
, designed, fabricated and measured. The
simulated and measured results show that good conformity with standard results. The
performance analysis of the antenna with different dielectric material properties also studied. The
numerical simulation of approximate lumped equivalent model of the proposed structure shows
good agreement with the simulated results. The measured results have demonstrated that the
antenna can be achieved a desired band with enough bandwidth, good omnidirectional radiation
characteristics and reasonable gain. As a result, the proposed antenna, with an advantage of
compact size which is suitable for WiMAX/WLAN applications.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
13. International Journal of Antennas (JANT) Vol.2, No.1, January 2016
35
The authors are gratefully acknowledge to the University Grants Commission, New Delhi
Government of India for their financial assistance and support.
REFERENCES
[1] Lai, C.-P., S.-C. Chiu, and S.-Y. Chen,Miniaturization of CPW-fed slot antennas using reactive
terminations and truncated bilateral ground plane.IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag.
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[2] W.C. Liu, J.L. Jaw, and B.C. Chen,(2008) Triple-band CPW-fed monopole antenna with branch
strips for wireless applications. Microwave Opt Technol Lett.;Vol. 50,pp.2794-2797,2008.
[3] Chow-Yen,Desmond Sim, “Dual band CPW fed monopole antenna with asymmetrical ground
plane for bandwidth enhancement” Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett;Vol.50 pp.3001-3004,2008
[4] Sujith R, Deepu V, Mridula S, Paul B, Laila D, Mohanan P. Compact CPW-fed uniplanar antenna
for multiband wireless applications. Int J Electron Commun, Vol.65, pp.553–9, 2011.
[5] Amendeep singh, surinder singh.A novel CPW-fed wideband printed monopole antenna with
DGS.Int J Electron Commun Vol.69,pp.229-306,2015
[6] Yuanfu Liu, Peng Wang, Hao Qin. Compact CPW-fed tri-band stepped monopole antenna with
inverted-L strip for WLAN/WiMAX applications; In Proc. of IEEE international conference on
Electronic packaging technology ,pp.1244-1247,2014
[7] Deepu, V, R. Sujith, S. Mridula, C.-K. Aanandan, K. Vasudevan, and P. Mohanan, “ACS fed
printed F-shaped uniplanar antenna for dual band WLAN applicationsMicrowave Opt.
Technol.Lett,Vol.51,pp.1852-1856,2009
[8] V. Deepu, K.R. Rohith, J. Manoj, M.N. Suma, and P. Mohanan, Compact asymmetric coplanar
strip fed monopole antenna for multiband applications, IEEE Trans Antennas Propag.,Vol.55
,pp.2351-2357,2007
[9] Yuan Fu liu,Peng Wang,Hao Qin, A Compact triband ACS fed Monopole Antenna Employing
Inverted L-branches for WiMAX and WLAN Application.Progress In Electromagnetics
ResearchC;Vol. 47,pp.131-138,2014
[10] Yingsong Li,Wenxing Li and Qiubo Yi “Miniaturization of Asymmetric coplanar strip fed
staircase ultra wide band antenna with reconfigurable notch band”. Microwave Opt. Technol.
Lett.Vol. 55,pp.1467-1470,2013
[11] Yingsong Li, Wenxing Li, Raj Mittra, “Miniaturization of ACS –fed dual band antenna with
loaded capacitance termination”,IEICE Electronic Express,Vol.10,pp.1-8,2013
[12] P. Askarali, S.Sreenath ,R Sujith,R.Dinesh,D.D Krishna, and C K Anandan, “Asymmetric
coplanar strip fed dual Band Antenna for DCS/WLAN application”,Microwave Opt. Technol.
Lett,Vol.54,pp.1087-1089,2012
[13] Li, B.; Yan, Z.; Zhang, T.: Triple band slot antenna with U shaped open stub fed by asymmetric
coplanar strip for WLAN/WIMAX applications. Prog. Electromagn. Res. Lett.,Vol. 37: 123-
131,2013
[14] K A Ansal,T Shanmuganantham, Asymmetric coplanar strip fed antenna with defected ground
structure for dual band application. In Proc. IEEE International Conference on Electronics and
Communication Systems, ICECS’14,pp 359-362,2014
[15] Yue Song,Yong Chang Jiao “Compact slot antenna fed by asymmetric coplanar strip for 2.4/5
GHz WLAN operations”, Microwave and Opt. Technol. Lett..2008; 50:3080-3083.
[16] Thomas, K.-G. and Sreenivasan, M.: Compact triple band antenna for WLAN/WiMAX
applications. Electron. Lett.Vol. 45,pp.811-813.2009
[17] Dang, L., Lei, Z.-Y. Xie, Y.-J., Ning, G.-L., and J. Fan, A compact micro strip slot triple-band
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1181,2010.
[18] Hu, W., Yin, Y.-Z; Fei, P. and Yang, X., “Compact tri band square-slot antenna with symmetrical
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[19] Weng, L. H., Guo, Y. C., Shi, X. W., and Chen. X. Q.: An overview of defected ground structure.
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14. International Journal of Antennas (JANT) Vol.2, No.1, January 2016
[20] K A Ansal, T Shanmuganantham, “ACS
5.5GHz WLAN application” Progress In Electromagnetics Res. Letter, Vol.49:59
Simons, R.N.: “Coplanar Waveguide Circuits, Components and Systems”, John Wiley &
Sons,NY,2004
Authors
K. A Ansal received B.Tech Degree
Engineering from Mahatma Gandhi University,Kottayam, Kerala in 2007, M.E
degree in communication systems from Anna University Chennai, India in 2011.He
is currently Working towards Ph.D. degree at Department of Electronics
Engineering, school of Engineering and Technology,Pondicherry university
(Central university)puducherry, India .He has
papers. Hisresearch interest include
planar antennas with DGS and EBG and Mobile Base station antennas. He is a
member of IEEE, IAENG and IEICE
T.Shanmuganantham received B.E. degree in Electronics and Communication
Engineering from University of Madras, M.E. degree in Communication Systems
from Madurai Kamaraj University and Ph.D. (Gold Medal) in the area of Antennas
from National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli,
Dr.S.Raghavan. He has 17 years of teaching experience in various reputed
Engineering colleges such as SSN College of Engineering, National Institute of
Technology and Science. Presently he is working as Assistant Professor in
Department of Electronics Engineering, School of Engineering & Technology,
Pondicherry University, and Pondicherry
Microwave/MillimetreWaveIntegrated Circuits and Devices, EMI/EMC,
Computational Electromagnetism, MEMS/NEMS Metamaterials. He has published
130 research papers in various national and International level Journals and
Conferences. He is a member in IEEE, Life Member in IETE,Institution of
Engineers, CSI, Society of EMC, OSI, ISSS, ILA, ISI, and ISTE.
International Journal of Antennas (JANT) Vol.2, No.1, January 2016
K A Ansal, T Shanmuganantham, “ACS-Fed wide band antenna with L shaped ground plane for
5.5GHz WLAN application” Progress In Electromagnetics Res. Letter, Vol.49:59-64.2014
Simons, R.N.: “Coplanar Waveguide Circuits, Components and Systems”, John Wiley &
B.Tech Degree in Electronics and Communication
Engineering from Mahatma Gandhi University,Kottayam, Kerala in 2007, M.E
mmunication systems from Anna University Chennai, India in 2011.He
is currently Working towards Ph.D. degree at Department of Electronics
Engineering, school of Engineering and Technology,Pondicherry university
(Central university)puducherry, India .He has authored 15 journals and conference
interest include Microwave and millimeter wave antennas
planar antennas with DGS and EBG and Mobile Base station antennas. He is a
member of IEEE, IAENG and IEICE
B.E. degree in Electronics and Communication
Engineering from University of Madras, M.E. degree in Communication Systems
from Madurai Kamaraj University and Ph.D. (Gold Medal) in the area of Antennas
from National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, India under the guidance of
Dr.S.Raghavan. He has 17 years of teaching experience in various reputed
Engineering colleges such as SSN College of Engineering, National Institute of
Technology and Science. Presently he is working as Assistant Professor in the
Department of Electronics Engineering, School of Engineering & Technology,
and Pondicherry. His research interest includes Antennas,
Microwave/MillimetreWaveIntegrated Circuits and Devices, EMI/EMC,
, MEMS/NEMS Metamaterials. He has published
130 research papers in various national and International level Journals and
Conferences. He is a member in IEEE, Life Member in IETE,Institution of
Engineers, CSI, Society of EMC, OSI, ISSS, ILA, ISI, and ISTE.
36
with L shaped ground plane for
64.2014
Simons, R.N.: “Coplanar Waveguide Circuits, Components and Systems”, John Wiley &