Herzberg investigated American white-collar workers to discover what motivates them. He found that job satisfaction and dissatisfaction are influenced by separate factors. Motivation factors like achievement, recognition, and responsibility can motivate employees, but only if hygiene factors like pay, supervision, and working conditions are also satisfactory and not sources of dissatisfaction. Herzberg argued that managers must ensure both factors are addressed to improve motivation and reduce dissatisfaction among employees. Critics argue Herzberg's theory did not consider the importance of group work and only studied professional occupations.

1. Assignment on
Herzberg’s two-factor Theory
Submitted by :
Md. Sojib Hossain
202275009
Ajou University

2. The Investigation
• Herzberg investigated the behavior of American white-collar workers.
He wanted to discover if professional workers were being motivated by a
range of factors.
The main investigations were carried out using surveys and monitoring of
workplace practice and behavior.

3. Findings
• Herzberg found that not all factors motivate, employees had expectations
of treatment in work, and if these expectations were absent it led to de-
motivation. So he argued that people’s satisfaction and dissatisfaction are
influenced by two independent sets of factors which he named…
motivation factors and
hygiene factors.

4. The Two Factors Theory
• Assumes that job satisfaction and job dissatisfaction are distinct from each
other, and therefore must be dealt with separately.
Motivators can motivate, but only if employers ensure that there are no de-motivating
factors in place - that is hygiene factors are satisfied.

5. Hygiene Factors
Supervisors
Working conditions
Working relations
Pay and security
company policies and administration
Hygiene factors must be present to avoid dissatisfaction – but they do not lead to
satisfaction, or motivate

6. Dissatisfaction
Dissatisfaction--------------------------------------No dissatisfaction
Control and close-Supervisors-Hands-off and friendly
Unsafe and uncomfortable- Working conditions- Safe and comfortable
 Management by intimidation- Working relations- Encouragement of social Activities and friendly workplace
Low pay, fear of redundancy - Pay and security- Secure in jobs, well paid
 Clear and consistent Unclear, and arbitrary- Company policies and administration- Clear & Consistent

7. Motivation Factors
Achievement Recognition Interesting and challenging work Responsibility
Promotion and growth in responsibilities Motivation Factors.
The motivators must be present if satisfaction is to be gained from work done

8. Satisfaction
Satisfaction---------------------------------------No satisfaction
Recognized and rewarded –Achievement- Ignored and unrewarded
Communication and involvement- Recognition – Passed instructions and orders
Effective task design, a job that grows -The work itself – Repetitive, undemanding
Complete tasks, empowerment – Responsibility – Hierarchical, monitoring
Training, and promotion - Advancement – Stuck in a rut and growth

9. Managers Must be Aware That
 Motivators are more important to job satisfaction than hygiene factors
Job design is more important than job title - Job design consists of a job’s tasks,
the methods used to complete the tasks, and how the job relates to others in the
organization
For motivation to occur, hygiene factors must first be in place
Training and communication are key parts of motivation

10. Criticisms
 No awareness shown of the importance of group work
 Investigation only into professional workers
 Hygiene factors are difficult to maintain in uncertain economic times
 Costs of maintaining motivators

11. Maslow Vs. Herzberg
Maslow’s hierarchy
 Self-actualization
 Self Esteem
 Social
 Safety
o Physiological
Herzberg’s two-factor theory Motivators
 Achievement – rewards, promotion Recognition – communication, rewards
Responsibility - empowerment Advancement – training
 The job itself – interesting, challenging
 Working relations – group work, friendly environment
 Supervision – allows freedom
 Company policies – understandable and fair, contract of employment
o Working conditions – pleasant, safe environment Social Safety Physiological
o Salary – decent wage level

12. Thank You