Fredrick Herzberg proposed the two-factor theory in 1959, which categorized job factors that influence employee satisfaction and dissatisfaction into two groups: motivators and hygiene factors. Motivators such as achievement and recognition can positively impact job satisfaction, while hygiene factors like company policies and supervision relate to employee dissatisfaction if absent but do not directly motivate. Herzberg suggested addressing both motivators and hygiene factors to improve employee satisfaction and performance. However, critics argue the theory has limitations such as potentially oversimplifying job satisfaction and not directly measuring productivity.

1. Herzberg’s Two-FactorHerzberg’s Two-Factor
TheoryTheory
Group Name : HerculesGroup Name : Hercules
Presented By :Presented By :
Md.Eftekarul Haque – 111-116-027Md.Eftekarul Haque – 111-116-027
Mim Afsana Nila - 111-116-025Mim Afsana Nila - 111-116-025
Juned Chy – 111-116-014Juned Chy – 111-116-014
Farjana aktar - 111-116-026Farjana aktar - 111-116-026

4. Figure : motivation-circle

5. Fredrick Herzberg a psychologist proposed Two-factor theory or the Motivator-
Hygiene theory in 1959. According to Herzberg, there are some job factors that result
in satisfaction while there are other job factors that prevent dissatisfaction.
Herzberg suggested a tow-step approach to understanding employee motivation and
satisfaction. These are categorized as ‘ Motivators’ and ‘ Hygiene’ or also known as
‘Maintenance Factors’.

6. Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory
Hygiene Factor - work condition related to
dissatisfaction caused by discomfort or pain
 maintenance factor
 contributes to employee’s feeling not dissatisfied
 contributes to absence of complaints
Motivation Factor - work condition related to
the satisfaction of the need for psychological
growth
 job enrichment
 leads to superior performance & effort

30. Criticism ::
There are some criticisms of Herzberg’s theory.There are some criticisms of Herzberg’s theory.
The criticsms of the theory include the following-The criticsms of the theory include the following-
1. The procedure that Herzberg used is limited by its1. The procedure that Herzberg used is limited by its
methodology. why things are going well, people tend tomethodology. why things are going well, people tend to
take credit themselves.take credit themselves.
2.No overall measure of satisfaction was utilized. A2.No overall measure of satisfaction was utilized. A
person may dislike part of a job yet still think the job isperson may dislike part of a job yet still think the job is
acceptable overall.acceptable overall.
3.Herzberg assumed a relationship between satisfaction3.Herzberg assumed a relationship between satisfaction
and productivity, but the research methodology he usedand productivity, but the research methodology he used
looked only at satisfaction and not at productivity.looked only at satisfaction and not at productivity.

31.  End of presentation . . . !!
 Thanks all for being with us . . ! 