Herbal Antidiabetics

ANTIDIABETIC DRUGS FROM
NATURAL ORIGIN
Dr. Rahul Kaushik
Assistant Professor
Ram-Eesh Institute of Vocational &
Technical Education, Greater Noida
Email: rahulkcsji@gmail.comDr. Rahul Kaushik (Email:
rahulkcsji@gmail.com)

CONTENTS
• Diabetes mellitus
• Types of diabetes
mellitus
• Classification
• Mechanism of action
• Herbal hypoglycemic
agents
• Recent developments
• references
Dr. Rahul Kaushik (Email:

DIABETES MELLITUS
• Complex metabolic disorder resulting from
either insulin insufficiency or insulin
dysfunction.
• Charcterized by
hyperglycemia,glycosuria,hyperlipemia and
ketonemia.
• Prevalence of diabetes is high and is
increasing rapidly in urban population.
• WHO has predicted that the major burden
will occur in developing countries.

TYPES OF DIABETES MELLITUS
1. Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus- it is
due to insulin insufficiency as there is beta
cell destruction in pancreatic islets which
synthesize the hormone.
2. Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus-
there is a functional beta cells but there is
a deficiency in insulin production.
3. Malnutrition related diabetes mellitus- it
is associated with a history of nutritional
deficiency.

SYMPTOMS OF DIABETES
MELLITUS
• High levels of sugar in blood
• Unusual thirst
• Frequent urination
• Extreme hunger and loss of weight
• Blurred vision
• Nausea and vomiting
• Extreme weakness and tiredness

CLASSIFICATION OF DRUGS
1. Insulin
2. Secretagogues
• Sulphonyl ureas
(a)First generation agents
• Tolbutamide
• Acetohexamide
• Tolazamide
• chlorpropamide

CLASSIFICATION
(a) Second generation agents
• Glibenclamide
• Glipizide
• Glemeperide
• Gliclazide
2.Meglitenides
• Repaglinide
• nateglinide

CLASSIFICATION
3.Sensitizers
(a)Biguanides
• Metformin
• Phenformin
• Buformin
(b) Thiazolidinediones
• Rosiglitazone
• Pioglitazone
• troglitazone

CLASSIFICATION
4.Alfa-glucosidase inhibitors
• Acarbose
• Miglitol
5.Peptide analogs
(1)Incretin mimetics
• GLP analogs
• Exenatide
• liraglutide

CLASSIFICATION
• GIP analogs
(2) Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors
• Vildagjiptin
• Vitagliptin
(3) Amylin analogs
• pramlintide

MECHANISM OF ACTION
• By stimulating the beta cells to produce insulin.
• By decreasing gluconeogenesis and increasing
peripheral utilization of glucose.
• Retardation of carbohydrate absorption from the
gut.
• Slow gastric emptying and suppress glucagon.

HERBAL HYPOGLYCEMIC
DRUGS
• Allium sativum
• Eugenia jambolana
• Momordica charantia
• Phyllanthus amarcus
• Pterocarpus
marsupium
• Trigonella foenum
graecum
• Withania somnifera
• Panax ginseng
• Sacchrum
officinarum
• Galega officinalis
• Azadiracta indica
• Allium cepa
• Zingiber officinale

AZADIRACTA INDICA
• Botanical Name : Azadirachta Indica
• Family Name : Meliaceae
• Common Name : Lilac, Margosa Tree,
Neem, Neem Chal
• Part Used : Leaves, Flower, Oil, Seed.
• Habitat : It is evergreen and grows
throughout india.
• Uses : It acts as vermifuge, insecticide,
astringent, tonic and antiseptic. It possess
anti diabetic, anti bacterial and anti viral
properties and used successfully in cases of
stomach, worms and ulcers. Root barks
possess astringent, tonic and antiperiodic
properties. It is also useful in malarial fever.
The oil is used in making neem-based
soaps, shampoos and toothpaste. Leaves
are used to cure chicken pox. It is also used
in the treatment of acne and has blood
purifying property.

GYMNEMA SYLVESTRE
• Botanical Name : Gymnema Sylvestre
• Family Name : Asclepiadaceae
• Common Name : Periploca Of The Woods,
Gudmar
• Part Used : Whole Plant, Leaves
• Habitat : Throughout india, in dry forest upto
600m.
• Uses : The plant is acrid, anti-inflammatory,
anodyne, liver tonic,emetic and diuretic. It is
useful in hepatosplenomegaly, dypepsia,
constipation, jaundice, halminthiasis,
cardiopathy and amenorrhoea. The fresh
leaves when chewed have the remarkable
property of paralysing the sense of taste for
sweet and bitter substance for some time. It
lowers blood sugar level and is good for the
treatment both types of Diabetes. The herb
is useful for stimulating the heart; it
increases urine secretion.
• Mode of action- hypoglycemic effect is due
to the indirect stimulation of insulin secretion
by pancreas.

MOMORDICA CHARANTIA
• Botanical Name : Momordica
Charantia
• Family Name : Cucurbitaceae
• Common Name : Bitter Melon,
Bitter Gourd, Balsam Pear,
Balsam Apple, Melega Saga
• Part Used : Fruits, Seeds
• Habitat : It is widely cultivated in
india.
• Uses : It has been used
extensively in folk medicine as a
remedy for diabetes. In Ayurveda,
the fruit is considered as emetic,
laxative, antibilous, tonic,
stomachic, stimulant and
alternative. It has been found to
be extremely good in Diabities.

PTEROCARPUS MARSUPIUM
• Botanical Name : Pterocarpus Marsupium
• Family Name : Fabaceae
• Common Name : Indian Kino Tree, Malabar
Kino Tree, Kino
• Part Used : Heart Wood, Leaves,flowers.
• Habitat : The drier, hilly zones of dry
deciduous forest.
• Uses : The heartwood is astringent, bitter
acrid, anti inflammatory, anthelmintic and
anodyne. It is considered as magical for
Diabetes. It turns the water blue as soon as
it comes in contact with the water. It is good
for elephantiasis, leucoderma, diarrhoea,
dysentery, rectalgia, cough and greyness of
hair. The bark is used as an astringent and
in toothache.
The bruised leaves are considered useful as
an external for boils, sores and skin
diseases

PTEROCARPUS MARSUPIUM
• Place the wood in a beaker
and filled it with water.allowed
it to stand overnight to give
beeja wood water.this cold
infusion is stated to maintain
the blood sugar of diabetics.
• Epicatechin enhances insulin
release and conversion of
proinsulin into insulin.

SYZYGIUM CUMINI
• Botanical Name : Syzygium Cumini
• Family Name : Myrtaceae
• Common Name : Eugenia
Jambolana, Plum, Black Plum, Jaman,
Jambolan
• Part Used : Seeds, Leaves, Fruits,
Bark
• Habitat : Throughout india, in forests
upto 1,800 m usually along river banks
and also cultivated.
• Uses : The leaves are antibacterial,
and are used for strengthening the
teeth and gums. The fruit and seeds
are sweet, acrid, sour, tonic and
cooling. They are used in diabetes,
diarrhoea and ringworm. The bark is
astringent, sweet sour, diuretic,
digestive and anthelmintic. Leaves are
used as poultices on skin diseases.
Decoction of the fruit is used in case of
enlargement of the spleen.

TINOSPORA CORDIFOLIA
• Botanical Name : Tinospora
Cordifolia
• Family Name : Meninspermaceae
• Common Name : Gulanshe
Tinospara, Gulancha Tinospara,
Tinospara, Giloy
• Part Used : Stem
• Habitat : North and south india.
• Uses : It is antiperiodic, antipyretic,
alterative, diuretic, anti-inflammatory. It
is a constituent of several compound
preparations. It is used in fever,
urinary disorders, dyspepsia, general
debility and urinary diseases. It is also
used in treatment of rheumatism and
jaundice. A decoction of the leaves is
used for the treatment of gout.
It clears out brain toxin that hinders
mental activity

ZINGIBER OFFICINALIS
• Botanical Name : Zingiber Officinalis
• Family Name : Zingiberaceae
• Common Name : Calamus, Sweet
Ginger, Ginger Root, Sonth (dried)
• Part Used : Fresh And Dried
Rhizomes.
• Habitat : South east asia and through
out india.
• Uses : Clinically proved as
prophylactic of nausea and vomiting
associated with motion, sickness, sea
sickness and pregnancy. Known for its
gastrointestinal benefits and as an anti
inflamatory and carminative. It is
useful in bronchitis, colds, congestion,
diarrhea, flu, headache, nausea,
rheumatism, sore throat. It is also used
as an adjunct to many tonic and
stimulating remedies

RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN ANTI-
DIABETIC DRUGS
• Traditional medicines derived from medcinal
plants are used by about 60% of the world’s
population.
• Though there are various approaches to reduce
the ill effects of diabetes and its secondary
complications , herbal formulations are preffered
due to lesser side-effects and low cost.
• A review of medicinal plants is described now
enlisting the drugs which are recently developed
with anti-diabetic effects and research is still
going on them to find out there other efects an
there mode of action.

MYRISTICA FRAGRANS
• Botanical Name : Myristica Fragrans
• Family Name : Myristicaceae
• Common Name : Nutmeg
• Part Used : Seed Kernels
• Habitat : Grown in southern-india,
particularly in tamil nadu.
• Uses : It is aromatic, carminative, digestive,
anti-inflammatory, diuretic, lactagogue,
aphrodisiac, hypnotic, hallucinogenic,
antispasmodic and stimulant agent.
Helps relieving flatulency, useful in nausea,
stomachache, vomiting, diarrhea associated
with cholera. Also useful in diseases of the
liver, spleen, headaches, palsy and eye
troubles.
Nutmeg is used as spice, in bakery and
confectionery items. Nutmeg oil stimulates
the heart and circulation, activates the mind
and revives people from fainting spells. The
oil has good anti-inflammatory action, and is
also successful in relieving pain, especially
muscular aches and pain, as well as
rheumatism.

TRIGONELLA FOENUM
GRAECUM
• Botanical Name : Trigonella Foenum
Gracum
• Family Name : Fabaceae
• Common Name : Fenugreek, Greek
Hayes, Alholva, Bird's Foot, Boyotu,
Chinagreye, Fenegriek, Foenum
Graecum
• Part Used : Leaves And Seeds
• Habitat : Wild in kashmir, punjab and
upper gangetic plains and also
cultivated in other parts of india as a
pot-herb.
• Uses : Fenugreek seed has been
used for stomach upset, swelling
(inflammation) of the upper air
passages or throat, appetite, for
lowering blood sugar and for softening
the stool. It also has been used as a
gargle to relieve sore throat and as an
external dressing for swelling (local
inflammation).

EMBELIA RIBES
• Botanical Name : Embelia Ribes
• Family Name : Myrsinaceae
• Common Name : Embelia, False Black Pepper
And Flase Pepper.
• Part Used : Berries, Leaves And Root-bark.
• Habitat : Present throughout india, in area upto
1,500 m in hilly regions.
• Uses : Embelia root bark is acrid, astringent,
anthelmintic, antifertility, antioestrogenic,
carminative, digestive, laxative, soothing, stimulant,
stomachic, and thermogenic. It is effective against
intestinal parasites and intestinal worms. It is used
in abdominal disorders, skin fungal infections,
flatulence, constipation, indigestion, headache,
hemorrhoids, lung diseases, obesity, piles,
pneumonia, mouth ulcers, toothache and sore
throat. Its decoction is useful in insanity and heart
diseases.
Leaves are astringent, thermogenic, demulcent and
depurative in nature. It is useful in skin diseases
and leprosy.
Fruits are acrid, astringent, anthelmintic, bitter, brain
tonic, carminative, contraceptive, diuretic, febrifuge,
laxative, stimulant, and thermogenic. It is useful in
skin diseases, leprosy, nervous debility, dyspepsia,
flatulence, colic, tumors, asthma, fever, ascaris
infestation and general debility. Paste is being used
for mouth wash and avoiding cavities. It is being
also used in skin related problems. Decoction of the
roots is given in insanity and heart diseases.

DIOSCOREA POLYGONOIDES
• Common name-
jamaican bitter yam
• Family-dioscoreaceae
• Effects-causes
changes in blood lipid
levels,changes in
weight,activities of
carbohydrate
digestive and
transport enzymes is
observed.

CAPSICUM ANNUM
• Common name-
capsicum
• Family-solanaceae
• Part used-fruit
• Effects-lipid lowering
by stimulating its
metabolism.

REFERNCES
• Trease and evans pharmacognosy by william charles evans
• Pharmacognosy by C.K.Kokate; A.P.Purohit; S.B..Gokhale
• Pharmacognosy by Mohammad Ali
• Essentials of pharmacology by K.D.Tripathi
• Journal,medical and aromaticplants abstracts.
• Plant indica journal
• www.wikipedia.com
• www.motherherbs.com
• www.pubmedcentral.nih
• www.expresspharmaonline.com
• www.sciencedaily.com
• www.sciencedirect.com

THANK YOU FOR YOUR
COOPERATION

Herbal Antidiabetics

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