This presentation tells you about various herbal/natural drugs that are Natural allergens.

1. BIOLOGICAL ALLERGENS AND
HALLUCINOGEN
Dr. Rahul Kaushik
Assistant Professor
Ram-Eesh Institute of Vocational &
Technical Education, Greater Noida
Email: rahulkcsji@gmail.com
Dr. Rahul Kaushik (Email:
rahulkcsji@gmail.com)

2. INTRODUCTION
ALLERGY-
Allergy as changed or altered reaction in the body of an
individual, in response to a substance or condition that is
harmless to other.
ALLERGENS-
Allergens are antigenic substance capable of sensitizing the
body in such a way that unusual responses occur
hypersensitive individual.
Dr. Rahul Kaushik (Email:
rahulkcsji@gmail.com)

3. MECHANISM OF ALLERGY
Antigen-antibody reaction
Dr. Rahul Kaushik (Email:
rahulkcsji@gmail.com)

4. Common symptoms of allergy
Affected
organ
Symptom
Nose swelling of the nasal mucosa (allergic rhinitis)
Sinuses allergic sinusitis
Eyes redness and itching of the conjunctiva(allergic conjunctivitis)
Airways Sneezing, coughing, bronchoconstriction, wheezing and dyspnea,
sometimes attacks of asthma, in severe cases the airway constricts
due to swelling known as angioedema
Ears feeling of fullness, possibly pain, and impaired hearing
Skin rashes, such as eczema and hives (urticaria)
Gastrointeti
nal tract
abdominal pain, bloating, vomiting, diarrhoea
Dr. Rahul Kaushik (Email:
rahulkcsji@gmail.com)

5. Classification of Allergens
ALLERGENS
POLEN GRAINS ANEMOPHILOUSINHALANTS
ENTOMOPHILOUS
FUNGAL SPORES PENICILLIUM
ASPERGILLUS
MACROSPORING
DUST-DUST MITE
INGESTANTS FOOD(meat,egg,fish)
FOOD ADDITIVES
FRUITS
INJECTANTS PENICILLIN
CEPHALOSPORINS
CONTACTANTS POISON IVY
POISON OAK
INFESTANTS
PARASITIC MICROORGANISM
PATHOGENIC MICROORGANISMDr. Rahul Kaushik (Email:
rahulkcsji@gmail.com)

6. INHALANT PLANT ALLERGENS
 Manifested by sneezing,lacrimation,itching and swelling of nose and
eyes.
 The condition is known as sinusitis or hay fever.
 POLLEN ALLERGENS:-
1:-Anemophilous(wind pollinated)
2:-Entomophilous(insect pollinated)
 1:-Anemophilous:- Small 15-45µ in dia.
-Light,non-adhesive,smooth.
Trees Grasss
Ulmus americana Linn. Cyndon dactylon Linn.
Ulmus rubra Phleum pratensis Linn.
Acer saccharinum Dactylis glomerata Linn.
Acer rubrum Lolium perenne
Castilla elastica
Dr. Rahul Kaushik (Email:
rahulkcsji@gmail.com)

7. CONTD…..
 Weeds
Plantain lanceolata Linn.
Ambrosia species
Amaranthus retroflexus Linn.
Rumex cripus Linn.
 Entomophilous:- Larger in size(upto 200µ in dia.)
-Heavier,adhesive and some what spiny.
 Ex:-Clover
Honey
Rose
Hollyhock
Suckle
Dr. Rahul Kaushik (Email:
rahulkcsji@gmail.com)

8. FUNGAL SPORES:-
 Like pollens fungal spores are also important air-born allergens.
 The most common mold genera are:-
Penicillium
Aspergiluss
Marcrosporing
Rhizopus
Cladosporium
DUST-DUST MITE ALLERGENS:-
In house dust,common allergens are particularly the acarine mite,dermatophogoides
and specifically its species D.pteronyssinus.
Acarine mite
Dr. Rahul Kaushik (Email:
rahulkcsji@gmail.com)

9. INGESTANT ALLERGENS
 Food allergens cause gastrointestinal symptom, but they may also cause
skin rash, puffed lips and tongue, migraine ,rhinitis or other more serious effect
such as bronchial asthma.
 Milk, egg, peanut, cashewnut, fish, soybean orange juice are some of the causes.
 Some food additives like mannitol, sorbitol, artificial colors can cause allergy to
any person.
INJECTANT ALLERGENS
 Antibiotics such as penicillin , cephalosporin injection or other antibiotics may
cause allergic reaction.
CONTACTANT ALLERGENS
 Following contactant allergens are cause allergy:-
Taxicodendron radicans (Poison ivy)
Taxicodendron quercifolium (Poison oak)
Taxicodendron vernix (poison sumac)
Grevillea robusta
Dr. Rahul Kaushik (Email:
rahulkcsji@gmail.com)

10. INFECTANT ALLERGENS
 The living organism (bacteria protozoans, molds and
helminthes) may cause allergy through the products the release
during their metabolism in the human body.
INFESTANT ALLERGENS
 Invasions of hookworms, tapeworms, pinworms, threadworms,
and other caused allergic response in susceptible individual.
Dr. Rahul Kaushik (Email:
rahulkcsji@gmail.com)

11. LATEX
Syn. Panama rubber tree,
Bio.source- Castilla elastica
Family- Moraceae
G.S.- Mexico, Central America, and
northen South America.
Part used- Bark, root
Che.con.- It is a natural polymer of
isoprene,a small persent(up to 5% of
dry mass) of other materials, such as
protiens, fatty acids, resins and
inorganic materials(salts).
USES-Preparation of tires, tubes blets,
toy,balloons,gloves, robber bands and
pencil erasers.
 Protect the plant in case of injuries.
 Prevents the entry of fungi and
bacteria.
isopereren
Castilla elastica
Dr. Rahul Kaushik (Email:
rahulkcsji@gmail.com)

12. Recent development
Sailent characteristics of the three most recently identified
latex allergens, Hev b, 11,12 and 13 are described, whereas
new finding on some of the previously recognized allergens
are examined. Hev b 2 is viewed from the standpoint of
allergenicity and Protein glycosylation, Hev b 4 in relation to
its biochemical identity and molecular cloning, Hev b 5 with
respect to its recombinant form, and Hev b 6 in connection
with conformational IgE epitopes.
Dr. Rahul Kaushik (Email:
rahulkcsji@gmail.com)

13. Peanut
Syn.-Groundnut, earthnut, arachis.
Bio.source- Arachis hypogaea
Family- Fabaceae
G.S.- South America, Mexico and
India
Part used- Seeds
C.C- Peanuts are a rich source of
protein and also contain niacin,
Coenzyme Q10, vit.
Uses-
Peanuts used in the preparation of
butter, brine, cosmetics,
nitroglycerine, plastics, dyes and
paints.
niacinDr. Rahul Kaushik (Email:
rahulkcsji@gmail.com)

14. Recent development-
The most severe peanut allergies can result anaphylaxis
an emergency situation requiring immediate attention and
treatment with epinephrine. If untreated, anaphylactic shock
can result in death due to obstruction of the upper or lower
airway (bronchospasm) or hypotension and heart failure. The
first symptoms may include sneezing and a tingling sensation
on the lips, tongue and throat followed by pallor, feeling
unwell, warm and light headed. Severe reactions may return
after an apparent resolution of 1–6 hours.
Dr. Rahul Kaushik (Email:
rahulkcsji@gmail.com)

15. Soyabean
Synonym: soya, soja;
Bio. Source: Glycine max;
Family: Leguminocae;
Part used: seeds;
Geo. Source: China;
Chem.constituent: soya saponins,
stigmasterols, sitosterols, genistein,
daidzein;
Uses: as hepatoprotective, in coronary
heart disease,
 It helps to reduce blood cholesterol
level,
 In osteoporosis, and also prevent the
breast and prostate as well as
carcinomas. stigmasterol
Dr. Rahul Kaushik (Email:
rahulkcsji@gmail.com)

16. Recent development-
Soy allergy is of particular importance, because soybeans
are widely used in processed food and, therefore, represent a
particularly insidious source of hidden allergy. Scientists are
not completely certain about which protein in soy cause
allergic reactions. And a variety of technological approaches
have been attempted to decrease soybean allergenicity.
Dr. Rahul Kaushik (Email:
rahulkcsji@gmail.com)

17. Penicillium
Bio.source-Penicillium chrysogenum
Family- Trichocomaceae
C.C- Penicillin, melegarin,
chrysogine, xanthocillins,
secalonic acid, sarbicillin
Uses- They are the source of major
antibiotic, production of cheese
and various meat product,
production of a number of
biotecnologally produced
enzymes and other
macromolecules, such as gluconic
citric and tartaric acids as well as
several pectinases, lipase,
amylase.
Dr. Rahul Kaushik (Email:
rahulkcsji@gmail.com)

18. Poison ivy
Syn.- Poison oak, Poison vine, Rhus
radicans.
Bio.source- Taxicodendron radicans
Family- Anacardiaceae
G.S.- America, Asia and Europe.
Part used- Fresh leaves
C.C- Fixed oil, taxicodendrol,urcinol
taxicodendrin (yellow resin)
Uses- In homoeopathy it is used in the
treatment of rheumatism, ringworm
and other skin disease. Its milky juice
is also used as an indelible ink for
marking linen, and varnishes for
finishing boots or shoes.
urushiol
Dr. Rahul Kaushik (Email:
rahulkcsji@gmail.com)

19. HALLUCINOGENS
A drug that causes hallucinations(profound distortion in a persons
perception of reality) under the influence of hallucinogens, people see
images, hear sounds and feel sensation that seen real but do not exist.
Sources of hallucinogenic plants-
1- Fungi- a)Fly agaric(Amanita muscaria)
b)Hallucinogenic mexican mushrooms(Psilocybe mexican)
c)Puffballs(Calvatia gigantea)
2- Lysrergic acid-a)Morning glory seeds(Rivea corymbosa)
3- Peyote(Lophophora williamsii)
4- Indian heamp(Cannabis sativa)
5- Other heigher plant-a)Nutmeg and mace
b)Malpighaceae
c)Leguminosae
Dr. Rahul Kaushik (Email:
rahulkcsji@gmail.com)

20. Fly agaric
Syn.- Magic mushrooms
Bio.source- Amanita muscarica
Family- Amanitaceae
G.S.-Europe, Mexico, Africa
C.C- Isoxazole alkaloids, ibotenic
acid and muscimol.
Uses-
As an imbriant. It is suggested to
be the soma of Rigveda. In
Smoking & In tea.
muscimol
Ibotenic acidDr. Rahul Kaushik (Email:
rahulkcsji@gmail.com)

21. Morning glory seeds
Syn.- Moon flower, sunspots,Heavenly
blue
Bio.source- Rivea corymbosa
Family- Convalvulanceae
G.S.- Australiya, Asia, Texas
C.C- Ergot alkaloids such as the
hallucinogenic ergonovine and
ergine.
Uses-
water morning glory used as a green
vegetable, as purgative.
ergonovine ergine
Dr. Rahul Kaushik (Email:
rahulkcsji@gmail.com)

22. Peyote
Syn.- Cactus
Bio.source- Lophophora williamsii
Part used- Stems, root
G.S.- Mexico, Texas, America, India
C.C- Mescaline, Anhalnine,
peyonine
Uses- Toothache, fever, breast pain,
skin disease, rheumatism,
diabetes, colds and blindness
mescalineDr. Rahul Kaushik (Email:
rahulkcsji@gmail.com)

23. Indian hemp
Syn- Cannabis India, Ganja
Bio.source- Cannabis sativa
Family- Cannabinaceae
Part used- Leaves flowering or fruiting
tops
G.S.- Mexico, Africa, India
C.C- Cannabidol, tetrahydrocannabinol,
cannabidiol -carboxylic acid,
cannbichromene.
Uses- It is narcotic, sedative, analgesic.
It has psychotropic properties
Hemp product-
Three types of narcotic product-
 Ganja
 Charas
 Bhang
tetrahydrocannabinol
Dr. Rahul Kaushik (Email:
rahulkcsji@gmail.com)

24. CONCLUSION
 Allergens affects thousands of people. These persons have
IgE-mediated cutaneous, respiratory, and systemic allergic
reactions. A sensitized patient may result in contact urticaria,
allergic conjunctivitis, asthma, or anaphylaxis.
 Hallucinogenic plants have long been depicted as innocuous
substances, yet their unpredictable nature makes intoxication
potentially dangerous. In present-day society, there is greater
access to these drugs and a growing trend among the younger
generations to experiment with these plants in a recreational
fashion. Emergency physicians need to be aware of the
potential sources of plant hallucinogens and the spectrum of
toxic effects.
 Now a days a variety of technological approaches & some
antiallergic medicines have been attempted to decrease
allergenicity. Dr. Rahul Kaushik (Email:
rahulkcsji@gmail.com)

25. REFERENCES
 Trease and evans pharmacognosy by william charles evans
 Pharmacognosy by C.K.Kokate; A.P.Purohit; S.B. Gokhale
 Pharmacognosy by Mohammad Ali
 Herbal Drugs by Rakesh kumar Sharma; Rajesh arora.
 Essentials of pharmacology by K.D.Tripathi
 Glossary of phytochemicals by Amritpal singh
 Text book of industrial pharmacognosy by A. N. Kalia
 sciencedirect.com
 Google.com
 Herbs2000.com
Dr. Rahul Kaushik (Email:
rahulkcsji@gmail.com)

26. Dr. Rahul Kaushik (Email:
rahulkcsji@gmail.com)