One of the most painful but easy-to-treat dental emergencies is a dry socket.
• Dry socket symptoms are experienced after a tooth extraction.
• This condition requires follow-up care by the doctor who performed the surgery, an oral surgeon or a dentist who is familiar with how to treat it.
For more information, contact :-
Dr Sachdeva's Dental Aesthetic And Implant Institute,
I 101, Ashok Vihar Phase 1, Delhi- 110052
Contact us at
• Phone : +919818894041,01142464041
• Our Websites:
• www.sachdevadentalcare.com
• www.dentalclinicindelhi.com
• www.dentalimplantindia.co.in
• www.dentalcoursesdelhi.com
• www.facialaestheticsdelhi.com
#drysocket #management #thirdmolarextraction #extractioncomplications
Odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) is the cyst arising from the cell rests of dental lamina. It can occur anywhere in the jaw, but commonly seen in the posterior part of the mandible. Radiographically, most OKCs are unilocular when presented at the periapex and can be mistaken for radicular or lateral periodontal cyst.
Border Moulding in Complete Denture Prosthesis ,This Seminar was presented By Dr. Alim Al Razi,DR. Halima Sadia, and Dr. Tahmina Akter at prosthodontics Department ,Dhaka Dental College and Hospital.We tried To cover Full theoretical and practical Information Regarding This Topic.
One of the most painful but easy-to-treat dental emergencies is a dry socket.
• Dry socket symptoms are experienced after a tooth extraction.
• This condition requires follow-up care by the doctor who performed the surgery, an oral surgeon or a dentist who is familiar with how to treat it.
For more information, contact :-
Dr Sachdeva's Dental Aesthetic And Implant Institute,
I 101, Ashok Vihar Phase 1, Delhi- 110052
Contact us at
• Phone : +919818894041,01142464041
• Our Websites:
• www.sachdevadentalcare.com
• www.dentalclinicindelhi.com
• www.dentalimplantindia.co.in
• www.dentalcoursesdelhi.com
• www.facialaestheticsdelhi.com
#drysocket #management #thirdmolarextraction #extractioncomplications
Odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) is the cyst arising from the cell rests of dental lamina. It can occur anywhere in the jaw, but commonly seen in the posterior part of the mandible. Radiographically, most OKCs are unilocular when presented at the periapex and can be mistaken for radicular or lateral periodontal cyst.
Border Moulding in Complete Denture Prosthesis ,This Seminar was presented By Dr. Alim Al Razi,DR. Halima Sadia, and Dr. Tahmina Akter at prosthodontics Department ,Dhaka Dental College and Hospital.We tried To cover Full theoretical and practical Information Regarding This Topic.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
2. What is meant by Hemorrhage ?
Prolonged or uncontrolled bleeding is often
referred to as hemorrhage.
The amount of blood lost as a result of
hemorrhage can range from minimal to
significant quantities.
3. Hemorrhage in Surgery
Hemorrhage can occur to a greater or lesser
degree during all surgical procedures and it’s
management depends upon whether the patient is
hematologically normal or suffers from some
disturbance in the normal clotting mechanism.
5. Hemorrhage in Oral Surgery
The overwhelming majority of patients who
undergo oral surgical procedures are those who
have normal haemostatic mechanism.
Therefore, significant or major hemorrhages are
not that common in oral surgery except in patients
who have a bleeding / clotting disorder or those
who are on anticoagulants.
6. Hemorrhage in Oral Surgery
However, uncontrolled and persistent bleeding
can occur in some healthy patients after dental
extraction.
Therefore, it is still important to achieve proper
hemostasis in all patients during oral surgical
procedures, so as to prevent excessive post-
operative blood loss.
7. Normal Mechanism of Hemostasis
Hemostasis is a complicated process.
It involves a number of events
11. COAGULATION PHASE
Through two separate pathways, the
Intrinsic and Extrinsic, the conversion of
fibrinogen to fibrin is complete. Fibrin
tightly binds the platelets to form a clot
12. THE CLOTTING MECHANISM
INTRINSIC EXTRINSIC
Collagen Tissue Thromboplastin
XII
XI VII
IX
VIII
X
V FIBRINOGEN
(I)
PROTHROMBIN THROMBIN
(II) (III) FIBRIN
13. HEMOSTASIS
DEPENDENT UPON:
Vessel Wall Integrity
Adequate Numbers of Platelets
Proper Functioning Platelets
Adequate Levels of Clotting Factors
Proper Function of Fibrinolytic Pathway
14. Hemorrhage in Oral Surgery
Hemorrhage following Oral Surgical procedures
can occur due to local or systemic causes.
In healthy patients the postoperative bleeding is
mainly due to local causes.
15. Local causes of hemorrhage in oral surgery
Local causes of hemorrhage originate in either
soft tissue or bone.
16. Local causes of hemorrhage in oral surgery –
Soft tissue bleeding
Soft tissue bleeding is either arterial, venous, or
capillary in nature.
17. Local causes - Soft tissue bleeding in oral surgery
Arterial bleeding is bright red and spurting in nature.
Arteries in the soft tissues at risk during oral surgical
procedures are the lies posterior portion of hard palate)
greater palatine artery and the buccal artery (lies lateral
to the retromolar pad)
18. Local causes - Soft tissue bleeding in oral surgery
Venous blood is dark red in color and flows
steadily and heavily especially if the vein is large .
Capillary bleeding is bright red in color and is
more of a minimal ooze.
19. Local causes – Osseous (Bony) bleeding in oral
surgery
Troublesome bone bleeding originates either from
nutrient canals in the alveolar region, central
vessels, such as the inferior alveolar artery, or
from central vascular lesions (Hemangioma or
Vascular malformation)
20. Systemic causes of hemorrhage in oral surgery
Some patients with heriditary conditions such as
hemophilia, Von Willebrand’s disease are susceptible for
hemorrhage following oral surgical procedures.
Patients with thrombocytopenia (decreased platelet
count) , Leukemia e.t.c., are also at risk of prolonged
bleeding after surgery.
Patients with uncontrolled hypertension.
21. Systemic causes of hemorrhage in oral surgery
Patients with H/O prosthetic heart valve replacement,
Stroke (Cerebrovascular accident) e.t.c., take oral
anticoagulants like Aspirin or Warfarin to prevent the
occurrence of a thromboembolic episode.
These patients are also at risk of prolonged severe
bleeding during and after an oral surgical procedure.
22. Types of Hemorrhage - Primary Hemorrhage
This occurs during the surgery, as a result of injury like
cutting or laceration of the artery or bleeding from
bone.
This also occurs when surgery is done in an infected
area with a lot of granulation tissue.
It can also occur after a very short period of time
immediately after surgery.
This type of bleeding is really normal and can be
controlled easily.
23. Types of Hemorrhage - Intermediate /
Reactionary Hemorrhage
This type of bleeding occurs within a few hours after
surgery.
This type of bleeding occurs as a result of failure of
coagulation to occur (as in patients with systemic
bleeding problems or those on anticoagulants)
Patients who have unknowingly disturbed / dislodged the
clot are also prone for this type of bleeding.
24. Types of Hemorrhage - Secondary Hemorrhage
This occurs after 7 to 10 days after surgery. This is
mainly due to partial division of blood vessel in
combination with infection of the wound (Like patient’s
who undergo radical neck dissection e.t.c.,).
This type of bleeding is not very frequently encountered
after oral surgery procedures.
25. Management of Primary Hemorrhage in Normal
patients
The management of bleeding during surgery (Primary
bleeding) can be achieved by the following means,
(i) Securing / ligation of blood vessels with silk sutures.
(ii) Use of pressure swab to achieve hemostasis.
(iii) Use of electrocautery to achieve hemostasis.
(iv) Use of hemostatic agents like bone wax, surgicel,e.t.c.,
(v) Hypotensive anaesthesia (G.A) and use of
vasoconstrictors in L.A.
26. Local Measures ( Synthetic Materials)
There are several materials that are commercially
available that are used locally for achieving
adequate hemostasis.
36. Management of Intermediate Hemorrhage in
Normal patients
The management of bleeding that occurs immediately
after surgery (Reactionary bleeding) involves proper
examination of the surgical wound to identify the site
of bleeding (i.e ) from bone or soft tissue.
(i) If bleeding is from bone then the hemostatic agents
like bone wax or gelfoam is usually used.
(ii) If bleeding is from soft tissues then, ligation /
cauterization of blood vessels along with the use of
hemostatic agents like surgicel and suturing of the
wound is carried out.
37. Management of Secondary Hemorrhage in Normal
patients
The management of this type of bleeding that occurs a
few days after surgery involves the removal of any debris
from the wound surface that promotes the infection of the
wound.
Identify the source of bleeding and treat as would be
done in a patient with secondary bleeding.
Surgical stents can be placed over extraction sockets for
stabilization of clot and prevention of wound
contamination.
38. Management of Hemorrhage in patients with
bleeding disorders / and those on anticoagulant
therapy
The usual protocol involved in the treatment of this
group of patients consists of pre-operative blood
investigations and preoperative correction of the
underlying deficiency (Replacement of Clotting factors /
platelets) if any in these patients.
Subsequently, after this appropriate local measures are
used to decrease the chances of post-operative bleeding.
39. LABORATORY EVALUATION
PLATELET COUNT
BLEEDING TIME (BT)
PROTHROMBIN TIME (PT)
PARTIAL THROMBOPLASTIN TIME (PTT)
THROMBIN TIME (TT)
40. PLATELET COUNT
NORMAL 100,000 - 400,000 CELLS/MM3
< 100,000 Thrombocytopenia
50,000 - 100,000 Mild Thrombocytopenia
< 50,000 Severe Thrombocytopenia
41. BLEEDING TIME
PROVIDES ASSESSMENT OF PLATELET
COUNT AND FUNCTION
NORMAL VALUE
2-8 MINUTES
44. THROMBIN TIME
Time for Thrombin To Convert
Fibrinogen Fibrin
A Measure of Fibrinolytic Pathway
NORMAL VALUE
9-13 SECS
45. Management of Hemorrhage in patients with
uncontrolled hypertension.
This group of patients need appropriate medical
consultation for initiation of medical treatment to
decrease their Blood Pressure.
Thus once their B.P is controlled, then the bleeding
decreases and with local measures the hemorrhage is
controlled.