The document provides an overview of the Complete Blood Count (CBC) test, which measures various components of blood including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. It explains the reasons for conducting a CBC test, the disorders it can detect, and how blood samples are collected and analyzed. Additionally, it details how to interpret CBC results, highlighting the significance of different blood cell counts and their implications for health.

1. COMPLETE BLOOD COUNT TEST
LECTURE BY:
ABUBAKAR RIAZ MINHAS
MEDICAL LABORATORY TECHNOLOGIST BY PROFESSION

2. WHAT IS COMPLETE BLOOD COUNT ?
 A complete blood count (CBC) is a test that measure the cells
that make up your Blood. They are as follows:
I. Red blood cells
II. White blood cells
III. Platelets &other Parameters

3. Why complete blood count test is
Recommended?
 Your doctor may order you a CBC test as a routine check-up or to:
 To check for Anemia
 See if you have another health issues or to explain symptoms like weakness
fever bruising or feeling tired .
 Keep an eyes on a blood conditions you already have .
 To see your medication or treatment is working or not like through
chemotherapy Effecting your blood.

4. What kinds of disorders can be detected
with a complete blood count ?
Abnormal CBC test results help to diagnose:
 Infections
 Inflamations
 Cancer ,Leukemia
 Bone marrow failure,
 Autoimmune conditions (The condition in which immune system attacks the
body others cells as foren partical/ antigen.
 Abnormal development of bone marrow .
 Anemia , dehydration ,effects of chemotherapy, effects of antibiotics and
vitamins and minrels deficiencies.
 Thalasemia (it is condition in which RBCs production is abnormal.

5. How to take blood sample for CBC
test ?
 It is very simple and takes just few minutes .
 Phlebotomist will take blood through
venipuncture by inserting syringe needle in
to vein in your arm.
 The phlebotomist send it to lab for diagnosis.
 You can leave and get right back to your
normal routine.

6. How to interpretation from CBC Reports ?
In interpretation period we checked the High
level , low level and normal level of different
components .
In this methods different terms are used for
different components of blood if they are
increase or decrease by there normal ranges.

7.  RBCs:
 A type of blood cell that is made in the bone marrow and found
in the blood. Red blood cells contain a protein called
hemoglobin, which carries oxygen from the lungs to all parts of
the body. Checking the number of red blood cells in the blood is
usually part of a complete blood cell (CBC) test
 High level of RBCs:
 Heart failure ,causing low level of oxygen level
 Low level of RBCs:
 Low level of RBCs indicate vitamin B6,B12 or folate
deficiency .it may cause internal bleeding ,kidney disease.
Red blood cell count mean.

8. HEAMOGLOBIN
 The levels of different parameters in complete blood count can be provide
information about different possible problems like:
 HEAMOGLOBINE:
 Hemoglobin is a protein in your red blood cells that carries oxygen to your body's
organs and tissues and transports carbon dioxide from your organs and tissues
back to your lungs. If a hemoglobin test reveals that your hemoglobin level is
lower than normal, it means you have a low red blood cell count (anemia).
 High levels :of hemoglobin may be seen in patients with polycythemia. Like heart
disease.
 Low levels :of hemoglobin may be seen in patients with anima .they causes
fatigue and weakness.

9. Why WBC are increase or decreases
from normal ranges?
 NORMAL RANGES:
The normal range of WBC is 4500-11000 per microliter. This range is diffrent in
different labs.
 High level:
 High level of wbc can be seen in the patients with:
1. Infection, inflammatory disorders ,
2. Leukemia and myeloproliferaction disorder .
 Low level:
 Low level of wbc can be seen in the patients with:
1. Aplastic anemia ,bone marrow disorders
2. Autoimmune conditions.

10. Why Neutrophil is increase /decrease
from normal Ranges?
 Neutrophils are an important type of wbc ,vital for fighting against the
pathogens particularly bacterial infection .in adults a count of 1500
neutrophils per microliter of blood or less is conceder neutropenia with any
count below 500 microliter of blood cause severe case.
 High neutrophil count can be seen in the patients with:
 Acute bacterial infection,inflammation and burns.
 Low neutrophils count can be seen in the patients with:
 Aplastic anemia and autoimmune disorders
 Drug reaction and chemotherapy.

11. Why Lymphocytes is increase /decrease
from normal Ranges?
 Lymphocytes are activate in the body when viruses are enter the body our body
defense system activate the lymphocytes.
 High Lymphocytes count can be seen in the patients with:
 Acute viral infection
 Tuberculosis
 Lymphocytic leukemia
 Low Lymphocytes count can be seen in the patients with:
 Bone marrow damage
 Aplastic anemia
 Autoimmune disorders.

12. Why monocytes is increase /decrease from
normal Ranges?
 Monocytes are a type of WBC that fight certain infections
and help other white blood cells remove dead or damaged
tissues destroy cancer cells and regulate immunity against
foreign substances.
 High monocyte count can be seen in the patients with:
 Tuberculosis ,bacterial endocardititis ,collagen vascular
disorders and inflammatory bowel diseases
 Low monocytes count can be seen in the patients with:
 Bone marrow damage

13. Why Eosionophils count is increase
/decrease from normal Ranges?
Eosinophiles are the type of disease –fighting white blood cells .tis
condition most often indicates a parasitic infection an allergic
reaction or cancer .
 High eosinophil count can be seen in the patients with:
 Asthma , Allergies Reaction
 Drug reaction
 Parasitic infection
 Low eosinophil count can be seen in the patients with:
 They are very rare and medically insignificant .

14. Why Basophil is increase /decrease from
normal Ranges?
 Basophils are the types of white blood cell . Basophils are the least
commont type of granulocytes representing about 0.5%to1% of
circulating wbc. However ,they are the largest type of granulocytes.
 High basophil count can be seen in the patients with:
 They can be seen in chronic myeloid leukemia.
 Low basophils count can be seen in the patients with:
 They are medically insignificant.

15. Why platelet count is increase /decrease
from normal Ranges
 Platelet are helping in clotting of bllod it helps to heal the injury .its normal ranges is
150,000-350,000.
 High platelet count : It is also called thrombocytosis and seen in patient with :
1. Choronic infection or inflammatory disease
2. Removel of spleen
3. Blood loss from recent surgery or injury.
 Low platelet count: it is also called thrombocytopenia and seen in patient with :
1. Dengue fever
2. Bleeding or platelet disorder

16. Why MCV,MCH and MCHC Increase or
decrease?
 Why increase :
1. Anemia due to vitamin B12 or folate deficiency .
 Why decrease:
1. It is seen in patient when they are suffering from
iron deficiency anemia.

17. CBC Report: