HeLa cells
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HeLa cells were originally taken from Henrietta Lacks in 1951 and have since been used extensively in cancer research and other areas of science. Some key uses of HeLa cells include developing the polio vaccine in 1955, contributing to over 60,000 scientific papers, and recent studies on the end replication problem that provides information about cancer. HeLa cells continue to be widely used in laboratories around the world for research in various areas like virology, genetics, stem cells, and developing cancer treatments.
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Hela cell lines
This document discusses the HeLa cell line, which was derived from cancerous cervical tumor cells taken from Henrietta Lacks in 1951 without her consent. Her cells were the first immortalized human cell line and were a major breakthrough as they could be kept alive and proliferate in laboratory cultures. This enabled numerous scientific milestones and advances, including the development of the polio vaccine. HeLa cells have since been extensively used in medical research, with over 20 tons of the cells grown and 11,000 patents involving them. However, Henrietta Lacks' family did not learn about her immortalized cells being used for research until the 1970s, raising ethical issues around informed consent and commercialization of human cells.
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- The HeLa cell line was created in 1951 from a biopsy taken from Henrietta Lacks without her consent during her treatment for cervical cancer at Johns Hopkins Hospital. These were the first human cells to be successfully immortalized and replicated in culture.
- HeLa cells have since been extensively used in medical research, including the development of the polio vaccine and HPV vaccine. They have advanced understanding of viruses, cancer, and human cells.
- However, Henrietta's cells were taken without her knowledge or consent, and her family lived in poverty despite the billions of dollars made from her cells by researchers and companies. Her family still has no legal rights over her cells or the ability to decide how they are used.
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Hela cell lines
This document discusses the HeLa cell line, which was derived from cancerous cervical tumor cells taken from Henrietta Lacks in 1951 without her consent. Her cells were the first immortalized human cell line and were a major breakthrough as they could be kept alive and proliferate in laboratory cultures. This enabled numerous scientific milestones and advances, including the development of the polio vaccine. HeLa cells have since been extensively used in medical research, with over 20 tons of the cells grown and 11,000 patents involving them. However, Henrietta Lacks' family did not learn about her immortalized cells being used for research until the 1970s, raising ethical issues around informed consent and commercialization of human cells.
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- The first artificial human chromosome was created in 1997 along with other advances like gene therapy and new medical treatments.
- In 2000, a rough draft of the human genome was completed, allowing for further research.
- By 2003, the human genome sequencing was finished, providing the full genetic code.
- Advances continued through 2012, such as creating synthetic DNA, approving new drugs and stem cell therapies, and understanding new disease genes.
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Under certain physiologic or experimental conditions, they can be induced to become tissue- or organ-specific cells with special functions.
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Cell viability
Rules for working in the Lab
Advantages
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3) The efficacy of different blood grouping systems in excluding paternity ranges from 16% for ABO grouping to nearly 100% for DNA profiling.
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Viruses must infect living cells in order to replicate and be grown in culture. There are several methods for culturing and isolating viruses, including animal inoculation, embryonated eggs, and various types of cell culture. The primary purposes of virus cultivation are to isolate and identify viruses from clinical samples, study viral structure and replication, and produce viruses for vaccines. Viruses can be grown in experimental animals, embryonated eggs, or different types of cell cultures, including primary cell cultures, diploid cell strains, and continuous cell lines. Growth of viruses in cell cultures can be detected by observing cytopathic effects, hemadsorption, or heterologous interference.
MELLSS yr1 cloning
This document discusses cloning, including its purposes, types, and risks. It defines cloning as the production of identical genetic copies of something. The main purposes of cloning discussed are reviving endangered species, cloning stem cells for research, cloning animal disease models, and cloning for medical purposes. The four main types of cloning covered are gene cloning, reproductive cloning, embryo cloning, and tissue cloning. The document concludes by outlining some of the risks associated with cloning, such as high failure rates and potential problems during development.
281 lec4 identity_location
A lecture covers the concepts and experiments related to the location and the identity of the genetic material
Historical development of genetics final
This document summarizes the historical development of genetics from early concepts to modern understanding. It describes key figures and their contributions, including:
- Mendel who established basic laws of inheritance through pea plant experiments.
- Watson and Crick who discovered the double helix structure of DNA.
- Chargaff who found regular proportions of DNA bases between species.
- Nirenberg who helped discover the genetic code.
- Berg who created the first recombinant DNA molecules.
The document traces the progression of genetics from early theories to establishing DNA as the molecule of inheritance and cracking the genetic code.
Genes & Genetic Disease
This document provides an overview of genetics and genetic diseases. It discusses the history of genetics beginning with Gregor Mendel and the discovery of genes and chromosomes. It describes DNA structure and the processes of replication, transcription, and translation. It explains different types of gene mutations and chromosomal abnormalities that can cause genetic diseases. Specific genetic diseases are discussed like Down syndrome, Turner syndrome, and Klinefelter syndrome. The document also covers inheritance patterns, genetic testing, and multifactorial diseases.
Detection of genetic disease
Detection of genetic diseases can be done through various techniques such as karyotyping, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Karyotyping involves analyzing chromosomes to detect abnormalities. RFLP detects variations in DNA fragments after digestion with restriction enzymes. PCR can amplify small amounts of DNA and is used for genetic testing and disease detection. Newer techniques like single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) are also used for genetic testing and disease detection.
Carcinogenesis - World Toxicologic Pathology Congress
Carcinogenesis is a complex, multistep process influenced by multiple intrinsic and extrinsic factors. It involves genetic and phenotypic changes that transform normal cells into cancer cells. Key terms in carcinogenesis include:
- Neoplasia (tumor, cancer, neoplasm) which refers to abnormal cell growth.
- Hyperplasia, which is an increase in cell number. It can be physiological or pathological.
- Metaplasia, where one adult cell type replaces another in response to environmental stimuli. Prolonged stimuli can lead to malignant transformation.
- Dysplasia and anaplasia, referring to abnormal and undifferentiated cell growth, respectively. Features include
Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)
FISH is a technique that uses fluorescent probes that bind to only those regions of DNA or RNA that have nucleotide sequences complementary to the probe's sequence. It allows researchers to visualize chromosomes and specific genetic loci. There are several types of FISH probes including whole chromosome painting probes, repetitive sequence probes, and locus-specific probes. FISH has many diagnostic applications such as detecting chromosomal abnormalities, genetic translocations, and deletions associated with conditions like Prader-Willi syndrome.
Molecular diagnosis
The following presentation describes the role of Molecular Biology in the field of diagnosis and its future aspects.
Similar to HeLa cells (20)
DNA recombinant technology on insulin modification
DNA recombinant technology on insulin modification
Carcinogenesis - World Toxicologic Pathology Congress
Carcinogenesis - World Toxicologic Pathology Congress
HeLa cells
- 1. HeLa Cells Kimaree Walker
- 2. How have HeLa cells been used for cancer research?
- 3. Agenda • History of HeLa Cells • Molecular use of HeLa Cells • Current use in Cancer Research
- 4. HeLa cells come from a sample of Henrietta Lacks’ tissue in 1951
- 5. Once HeLa cells were discovered, many labs all around the world requested a sample
- 6. HeLa continue to contribute to molecular • science and is still used in laboratories Polio vaccine • viral induction of apoptosis • Virology science created • Canine distemper virus • Discovery of genetic links to down syndrome • Study Estradiol, and estrogen • A stain called hematoxylin making chromosomes • Quercetin visible. • Flavonoids/ antioxidants • Preimplantiation genetic screening for IVF • Phytochemical compounds • Amniocenters for genetic disease testing • Anticancer activity of the ethanolic extract of mango • Genetic disease diagnoses peel • Cryogenics • Heptamethine dyes • Live cell transportation • Theranostics • Cloning • Irradiation • Gene therapy • Fullerenes • Stem cell isolation • Photodynamic therapy • Gene mapping • RNAi based identification system and interference of • Animal cloning specific cancer cells • Space biology • HPV vaccine • Genetic hybrids • Studying HIV • Toxins • Longevity research • Nuclear testing • Nanotech • Development of cancer drug Herceptin • Tuberculosis studied • Blood type identification • Anti tumor medications • Study behavior of salmonella • Radiation testing • Oropouche virus • Telomerase
- 7. HeLa cells were essential in developing the polio vaccine in 1955
- 8. More than 60,000 papers have been written about HeLa Cells
- 9. Recent studies done with HeLa cells provides information about the end replication problem.