A heat exchanger is a device that transfers heat from one medium or fluid to another for the purpose of cooling or heating. There are several types of heat exchangers including double pipe, shell and tube, and plate heat exchangers. Double pipe heat exchangers involve two concentric pipes where one fluid flows inside a pipe and another fluid flows over the outside of the pipe to exchange heat. Shell and tube heat exchangers consist of a shell with tubes inside where one fluid flows through the tubes and another fluid flows over the tubes in the shell. Plate heat exchangers use metal plates with fluids flowing between alternate plates to efficiently transfer heat between the two fluids. Heat exchangers are widely used in industrial processes