Heat exchangers are devices that transfer thermal energy between two or more fluids at different temperatures. The document discusses several types of heat exchangers including shell and tube, plate, air cooled, and spiral. It covers their basic designs, components, functions, applications, maintenance requirements, and classifications such as counterflow or parallel flow configurations. Selection of heat exchangers depends on factors like pressure limits, temperature ranges, cost, and materials.
A heat exchanger transfers heat between two or more fluids. There are four main types classified by fluid flow: countercurrent, cocurrent, crossflow, and hybrids. Heat exchangers are also classified by construction: recuperative have separate fluid paths while regenerative use a single path. Common construction types include shell and tube, plate, and pipe in pipe. Shell and tube designs use a bundle of tubes to efficiently transfer heat. Plate heat exchangers use corrugated plates to maximize surface area. Pipe in pipe is a simple double pipe design.
TYPES OF HEAT EXCHANGERS-HEAT TRANSFER -CO-CURRENTNITIN ASNANI
A heat exchanger transfers heat between two or more fluids. There are four main types classified by fluid flow: countercurrent, cocurrent, crossflow, and hybrids. Heat exchangers are also classified by construction: recuperative have separate fluid paths while regenerative use a single path. Common construction types include shell and tube, plate, and pipe in pipe. Shell and tube designs use a bundle of tubes to efficiently transfer heat. Plate heat exchangers use corrugated plates to maximize surface area. Pipe in pipe is a simple double pipe design.
1. A heat exchanger is a device that transfers heat between two or more fluids (liquid or gas), which are at different temperatures. Common types are shell and tube, plate, and double pipe (or hairpin) heat exchangers.
2. Heat exchangers can be classified based on their flow configuration (countercurrent, cocurrent, crossflow) or construction (recuperative, regenerative). Shell and tube heat exchangers consist of tubes bundled inside a shell. Plate heat exchangers use corrugated plates to create flow paths.
3. Heat is transferred between fluids via conduction, convection, and thermal radiation. The rate of conductive heat transfer depends on surface area,
Heat exchangers are devices used to transfer heat between fluids. They transfer heat from outgoing vapors and liquids to incoming fluids to reduce fuel consumption. Common applications include heating, cooling, power generation, and industrial processes. The main types are double pipe, shell and tube, plate, plate and shell, and spiral heat exchangers. Double pipe exchangers have one pipe inside another but low efficiency. Shell and tube exchangers use bundles of tubes in a shell and are robust for high pressures. Plate exchangers use parallel plates for compactness while spiral exchangers use coiled tubes. Selection depends on parameters like pressure, temperature, and space.
A heat exchanger is a device that transfers heat from one medium or fluid to another for the purpose of cooling or heating. There are several types of heat exchangers including double pipe, shell and tube, and plate heat exchangers. Double pipe heat exchangers involve two concentric pipes where one fluid flows inside a pipe and another fluid flows over the outside of the pipe to exchange heat. Shell and tube heat exchangers consist of a shell with tubes inside where one fluid flows through the tubes and another fluid flows over the tubes in the shell. Plate heat exchangers use metal plates with fluids flowing between alternate plates to efficiently transfer heat between the two fluids. Heat exchangers are widely used in industrial processes
This document provides an overview of different types of heat exchangers. It begins with an introduction to heat exchangers and their basic functions. It then describes several common types of heat exchangers including recuperators, regenerators, plate heat exchangers, shell and tube heat exchangers, and fin tube heat exchangers. It also discusses potential problems with heat exchangers such as fouling and corrosion and provides some precautions and considerations for heat exchanger design and cost.
A heat exchanger transfers heat between two or more fluids. There are several types including double pipe, shell and tube, plate, and spiral heat exchangers. Double pipe heat exchangers consist of one fluid passing through an inner tube while the other fluid passes in the outer tube. Shell and tube heat exchangers have one fluid passing through tubes inside a shell while the other fluid passes over the tubes. Plate heat exchangers use thin plates with precision cut channels to efficiently transfer heat between fluids. Spiral heat exchangers coil one tube around another in a counter-flow arrangement to optimize heat transfer in a compact design. Heat exchangers are widely used in industries like manufacturing, power plants, and buildings.
CPD - PHE's Principles _ Applications(1) - High Res.pdfTickle Community
This document provides an overview of plate heat exchangers, including their principles and applications. It discusses the types of plate heat exchangers, heat transfer principles, turbulent vs laminar flow, co-current vs counter-current flow, and pressure drop. Applications covered include sizing plate heat exchangers, packaged plate heat exchangers for domestic hot water generation, instantaneous and semi-instantaneous systems, and service and maintenance considerations.
A heat exchanger transfers heat between two or more fluids. There are four main types classified by fluid flow: countercurrent, cocurrent, crossflow, and hybrids. Heat exchangers are also classified by construction: recuperative have separate fluid paths while regenerative use a single path. Common construction types include shell and tube, plate, and pipe in pipe. Shell and tube designs use a bundle of tubes to efficiently transfer heat. Plate heat exchangers use corrugated plates to maximize surface area. Pipe in pipe is a simple double pipe design.
TYPES OF HEAT EXCHANGERS-HEAT TRANSFER -CO-CURRENTNITIN ASNANI
A heat exchanger transfers heat between two or more fluids. There are four main types classified by fluid flow: countercurrent, cocurrent, crossflow, and hybrids. Heat exchangers are also classified by construction: recuperative have separate fluid paths while regenerative use a single path. Common construction types include shell and tube, plate, and pipe in pipe. Shell and tube designs use a bundle of tubes to efficiently transfer heat. Plate heat exchangers use corrugated plates to maximize surface area. Pipe in pipe is a simple double pipe design.
1. A heat exchanger is a device that transfers heat between two or more fluids (liquid or gas), which are at different temperatures. Common types are shell and tube, plate, and double pipe (or hairpin) heat exchangers.
2. Heat exchangers can be classified based on their flow configuration (countercurrent, cocurrent, crossflow) or construction (recuperative, regenerative). Shell and tube heat exchangers consist of tubes bundled inside a shell. Plate heat exchangers use corrugated plates to create flow paths.
3. Heat is transferred between fluids via conduction, convection, and thermal radiation. The rate of conductive heat transfer depends on surface area,
Heat exchangers are devices used to transfer heat between fluids. They transfer heat from outgoing vapors and liquids to incoming fluids to reduce fuel consumption. Common applications include heating, cooling, power generation, and industrial processes. The main types are double pipe, shell and tube, plate, plate and shell, and spiral heat exchangers. Double pipe exchangers have one pipe inside another but low efficiency. Shell and tube exchangers use bundles of tubes in a shell and are robust for high pressures. Plate exchangers use parallel plates for compactness while spiral exchangers use coiled tubes. Selection depends on parameters like pressure, temperature, and space.
A heat exchanger is a device that transfers heat from one medium or fluid to another for the purpose of cooling or heating. There are several types of heat exchangers including double pipe, shell and tube, and plate heat exchangers. Double pipe heat exchangers involve two concentric pipes where one fluid flows inside a pipe and another fluid flows over the outside of the pipe to exchange heat. Shell and tube heat exchangers consist of a shell with tubes inside where one fluid flows through the tubes and another fluid flows over the tubes in the shell. Plate heat exchangers use metal plates with fluids flowing between alternate plates to efficiently transfer heat between the two fluids. Heat exchangers are widely used in industrial processes
This document provides an overview of different types of heat exchangers. It begins with an introduction to heat exchangers and their basic functions. It then describes several common types of heat exchangers including recuperators, regenerators, plate heat exchangers, shell and tube heat exchangers, and fin tube heat exchangers. It also discusses potential problems with heat exchangers such as fouling and corrosion and provides some precautions and considerations for heat exchanger design and cost.
A heat exchanger transfers heat between two or more fluids. There are several types including double pipe, shell and tube, plate, and spiral heat exchangers. Double pipe heat exchangers consist of one fluid passing through an inner tube while the other fluid passes in the outer tube. Shell and tube heat exchangers have one fluid passing through tubes inside a shell while the other fluid passes over the tubes. Plate heat exchangers use thin plates with precision cut channels to efficiently transfer heat between fluids. Spiral heat exchangers coil one tube around another in a counter-flow arrangement to optimize heat transfer in a compact design. Heat exchangers are widely used in industries like manufacturing, power plants, and buildings.
CPD - PHE's Principles _ Applications(1) - High Res.pdfTickle Community
This document provides an overview of plate heat exchangers, including their principles and applications. It discusses the types of plate heat exchangers, heat transfer principles, turbulent vs laminar flow, co-current vs counter-current flow, and pressure drop. Applications covered include sizing plate heat exchangers, packaged plate heat exchangers for domestic hot water generation, instantaneous and semi-instantaneous systems, and service and maintenance considerations.
The evaporator is a key component in refrigeration and air conditioning systems. It receives low-pressure refrigerant from the expansion valve and uses it to absorb heat from the surrounding air or liquid. There are several types of evaporators classified based on their design and heat transfer method, including bare tube, finned tube, plate, shell and tube, and shell and coil evaporators. Each type has advantages and disadvantages for different applications in areas like air conditioning, food freezing, and industrial cooling.
This document discusses heat exchangers, which allow the transfer of heat between two fluids without direct contact. It describes several types of heat exchangers including double pipe heat exchangers, which involve two concentric pipes, and shell and tube heat exchangers, which involve tubes inside a cylindrical shell. Shell and tube heat exchangers are widely used and involve tubes, tube sheets, baffles, and multiple passes to increase heat transfer. The document also discusses applications and advantages and disadvantages of different heat exchanger designs.
Heat exchangers transfer heat between two or more fluids and are widely used in applications like refrigeration, air conditioning, and chemical processing. There are various types of heat exchangers including shell and tube, which consists of tubes bundled together inside a cylindrical shell. Heat is transferred as fluids flow through the tubes and over the tubes in the shell. Selection of a heat exchanger depends on factors like process requirements, operating conditions, maintenance needs, and cost effectiveness.
Heat exchangers transfer heat between two or more fluids. There are four main factors that affect heat transfer: materials, fluids, temperature difference, and contamination. Common types of heat exchangers include double pipe, shell and tube, kettle, air coolers, plate, and calandria. Key features of different heat exchanger types like shell and tube, double pipe, and air coolers are described.
HEAT EXCHANGERS. Heat exchangers are devices that facilitate the exchange of heat between two fluids that are at different temperature while keeping them from mixing with each other.
2. Double Pipe Heat Exchangers
3. A typical double pipe heat exchanger basically consists of a tube or pipe fixed concentrically inside a larger pipe or tube They are used when flow rates of the fluids and the heat duty are small (less than 5 kW) These are simple to construct, but may require a lot of physical space to achieve the desired heat transfer area.
4. Double-pipe exchangers is the generic term covering a range of jacketed 'U' tube exchangers normally operating in countercurrent flow of two types which is true double pipes and multitubular hairpins. One fluid flows through the smaller pipe while the other fluid flows through the annular space between the two pipes. Two types of flow arrangement: Parallel flow Counter flow
5. • The fluids may be separated by a plane wall but more commonly by a concentric tube (double pipe) arrangement shown in fig. If both the fluids move in the same direction, the arrangement is called a parallel flow type. In the counter flow arrangement the fluids move in parallel but opposite directions. In a double pipe heat exchanger, either the hot or cold fluid occupies the annular space and the other fluid moves through the inner pipe. The method of solving the problem using logarithmic mean temperature difference is typical and more iteration must be done. So it takes more time for the problem to solve. Therefore another method is practiced for solving this type of problems. This method is known as Effectiveness and Number of Transfer Units or simply ε-NTU method.“Effectiveness of heat exchangers is defined as actual heat transfer rate by maximum possible heat transfer rate”.The LMTD method may be applied to design problems for which the fluid flow rates and inlet temperatures, as well as a desired outlet temperature, are prescribed.
6. Application of Double Pipe Heat Exchanger Pasteurization or sterilization of food and bioproducts Condensers and evaporators of air conditioners Radiators for internal combustion engines Charge air coolers and intercoolers for cooling supercharged engine intake air of diesel engines.
This presentation summarizes heat exchangers, specifically double pipe heat exchangers and shell and tube heat exchangers. It provides an overview of how heat exchangers work and the key components of double pipe and shell and tube heat exchangers. Advantages of double pipe heat exchangers include their simple construction and ability to handle small heat transfer areas. Shell and tube heat exchangers are more complex but allow for greater heat transfer capacity and easier tube maintenance compared to double pipe heat exchangers.
This document discusses heat exchangers, including their types, advantages, disadvantages, and applications. It describes the main types of heat exchangers as shell and tube, double pipe, plate type, and finned tube. Shell and tube exchangers are the most widely used due to their lower cost compared to plate exchangers, though plate exchangers offer higher heat transfer efficiency. Heat exchangers are commonly used in chemical, petrochemical, food, pharmaceutical, fertilizer, textile, and power industries to transfer heat between process streams.
This document discusses heat exchangers, including their types, advantages, disadvantages, and applications. It describes the main types of heat exchangers as shell and tube, double pipe, plate type, and finned tube. Shell and tube heat exchangers are the most widely used due to their lower cost compared to plate type and ability to handle higher pressures than double pipe. Plate type heat exchangers offer higher efficiency but higher initial cost. Heat exchangers are commonly used in chemical, petrochemical, food, and other industrial processes to transfer heat between fluids.
A tube heat exchanger consists of a shell containing a bundle of tubes, with one fluid flowing through the tubes and another fluid flowing over the tubes to facilitate heat transfer. There are several types of heat exchangers that vary in their design and construction, but all aim to efficiently transfer heat from one fluid to another.
This document discusses different types of modern heat exchangers, including shell and tube, plate, spiral, plate and shell, plate fin, and microchannel heat exchangers. It describes the basic components and functions of shell and tube heat exchangers. It also outlines key advantages and disadvantages of different heat exchanger types, such as their operating pressures and temperatures, efficiency, size, maintenance requirements, and materials. The document emphasizes that heat exchanger design must optimize minimizing pressure drop, maximizing thermal performance, and minimizing entropy generation.
دراسات خاصه.pptxhfkfvjfscjfvckvsibdubfxjydvkxejvyvdiimae4
https://youtube.com/watch?v=RbmhsyYsEuk&si=vFEHLXbKnV-VFURDhttps://youtu.be/gtxryoHbBrM?si=oCr9_KxMfHwQtvILhttps://youtu.be/kXUeBTvpa94?si=SL5Qyp1cfFLoTI1Udefine about prediction in simulationsPrediction in simulations refers to the process of estimating or forecasting the future behavior or outcomes of a system based on its current state and known dynamics. Simulations are often used to model complex systems, such as physical phenomena, economic systems, or social interactions, and prediction is a crucial aspect of understanding and analyzing these systems.
In simulation-based prediction, the behavior of the system is simulated over time using mathematical models, algorithms, or computer programs. The initial conditions of the system are defined, and the simulation progresses by iteratively updating the state of the system according to the specified rules and dynamics. By observing the simulated behavior, researchers can gain insights into how the system might evolve under different conditions or scenarios.
Predictions in simulations can take various forms depending on the nature of the system being modeled. They can involve estimating the future values of specific variables, such as the position of a particle in a physical simulation or the price of a stock in an economic model. Alternatively, predictions can involve forecasting the overall behavior or trends of the system, such as predicting the spread of a disease in an epidemiological simulation or the performance of a new product in a market simulation.
It's important to note that predictions in simulations are based on assumptions and simplifications made in the models. The accuracy of the predictions depends on the quality of the model, the accuracy of the input data, and the validity of the underlying assumptions. Simulations can be used to explore different scenarios and test the sensitivity of predictions to changes in parameters or initial conditions, helping to identify potential risks, optimize strategies, or guide decision-making.define about prediction in simulationDescribe the main elements of different reservoir dynamic simulation models.
Reservoir simulation models are often referred to by types of models:
· Black-oil
A black-oil simulator does not consider changes in composition of the hydrocarbons as the field is produced, beyond the solution or evolution of dissolved gas in oil, or vaporization or dropout of condensate from gas.
· Compositional
A compositional reservoir simulator calculates the PVT properties of oil and gas phases once they have been fitted to an equation of state (EOS), as a mixture of components. The simulator then uses the fitted EOS equation to dynamically track the movement of both phases and components in field. This is accomplished at increased cost in setup time, compute time, and computer memory.
· Thermal
Thermal simulators (most commonly used for heavy crude oil applications) add conservation of energy to this list, allowing temperatures t
Shell-and-tube heat exchangers are the most common type of heat exchanger, consisting of tubes in a shell. Heat is transferred from the hot fluid inside the tubes to the cooler fluid outside without direct contact between the fluids. Other major types include double-pipe exchangers, plate and frame exchangers, and air-cooled exchangers. Spiral heat exchangers provide an alternative for applications where fouling is a problem due to their long, spiraling flow paths.
The document describes a double pipe heat exchanger and provides classifications of heat exchangers. A double pipe heat exchanger consists of two concentric pipes and connecting tees to transfer thermal energy between two fluids. Heat exchangers can be classified based on their heat transfer mechanism, construction type, flow arrangement, number of passes, and operating temperatures and pressures. Common types include plate, tubular, extended surface, and phase change heat exchangers.
Heat exchangers transfer heat from one fluid to another without direct contact between the fluids. The most common type is the shell-and-tube heat exchanger, which consists of tubes in a shell container. Fluids flow inside the tubes and outside in the shell. Other key types include double-pipe exchangers, plate-and-frame exchangers, air-cooled exchangers, and spiral exchangers. Spiral exchangers have two fluids spiraling in opposite directions to enhance heat transfer.
This presentation is on shell and tube heat exchanger in which its design parameters and its troubleshooting conditions designed for better understanding and learning of all
Type of heat exchanger. Which is mainly used in food industries, like dairy plant, for the pasturization, heat treatment of the beavrages or liquid raw material.
Heat exchangers transfer or exchange heat from one medium to another and come in several types. The main types discussed are shell-and-tube, air-cooled, double-pipe, plate-and-frame, and fin-fan coolers. Shell-and-tube heat exchangers are the most commonly used in industry and can have a fixed or floating tube sheet design. Fouling, scaling, and leaks are common problems that reduce efficiency, while cleaning methods include water jets, chemicals, or mechanical scraping. Regular maintenance includes scaffolding, inspection, cleaning, testing, and repairs to minimize issues.
Heat exchangers allow the transfer of heat between two fluids without direct contact. The main types are shell-and-tube, plate, air-cooled, and spiral. Shell-and-tube exchangers consist of tubes in a shell and are the most common, used across many industries. Plate exchangers use corrugated plates clamped together with gaskets to direct fluid flow. Spiral and air-cooled exchangers provide alternatives for applications where fouling is a problem.
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMSIJNSA Journal
The smart irrigation system represents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural and landscaping practices. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including sensors, actuators, and data analysis, empowers this system to provide accurate monitoring and control of irrigation processes by leveraging real-time environmental conditions. The main objective of a smart irrigation system is to optimize water efficiency, minimize expenses, and foster the adoption of sustainable water management methods. This paper conducts a systematic risk assessment by exploring the key components/assets and their functionalities in the smart irrigation system. The crucial role of sensors in gathering data on soil moisture, weather patterns, and plant well-being is emphasized in this system. These sensors enable intelligent decision-making in irrigation scheduling and water distribution, leading to enhanced water efficiency and sustainable water management practices. Actuators enable automated control of irrigation devices, ensuring precise and targeted water delivery to plants. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential threat and vulnerabilities associated with smart irrigation systems. It discusses limitations of the system, such as power constraints and computational capabilities, and calculates the potential security risks. The paper suggests possible risk treatment methods for effective secure system operation. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significant benefits of implementing smart irrigation systems, including improved water conservation, increased crop yield, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, based on the security analysis conducted, the paper recommends the implementation of countermeasures and security approaches to address vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. By incorporating these measures, smart irrigation technology can revolutionize water management practices in agriculture, promoting sustainability, resource efficiency, and safeguarding against potential security threats.
The evaporator is a key component in refrigeration and air conditioning systems. It receives low-pressure refrigerant from the expansion valve and uses it to absorb heat from the surrounding air or liquid. There are several types of evaporators classified based on their design and heat transfer method, including bare tube, finned tube, plate, shell and tube, and shell and coil evaporators. Each type has advantages and disadvantages for different applications in areas like air conditioning, food freezing, and industrial cooling.
This document discusses heat exchangers, which allow the transfer of heat between two fluids without direct contact. It describes several types of heat exchangers including double pipe heat exchangers, which involve two concentric pipes, and shell and tube heat exchangers, which involve tubes inside a cylindrical shell. Shell and tube heat exchangers are widely used and involve tubes, tube sheets, baffles, and multiple passes to increase heat transfer. The document also discusses applications and advantages and disadvantages of different heat exchanger designs.
Heat exchangers transfer heat between two or more fluids and are widely used in applications like refrigeration, air conditioning, and chemical processing. There are various types of heat exchangers including shell and tube, which consists of tubes bundled together inside a cylindrical shell. Heat is transferred as fluids flow through the tubes and over the tubes in the shell. Selection of a heat exchanger depends on factors like process requirements, operating conditions, maintenance needs, and cost effectiveness.
Heat exchangers transfer heat between two or more fluids. There are four main factors that affect heat transfer: materials, fluids, temperature difference, and contamination. Common types of heat exchangers include double pipe, shell and tube, kettle, air coolers, plate, and calandria. Key features of different heat exchanger types like shell and tube, double pipe, and air coolers are described.
HEAT EXCHANGERS. Heat exchangers are devices that facilitate the exchange of heat between two fluids that are at different temperature while keeping them from mixing with each other.
2. Double Pipe Heat Exchangers
3. A typical double pipe heat exchanger basically consists of a tube or pipe fixed concentrically inside a larger pipe or tube They are used when flow rates of the fluids and the heat duty are small (less than 5 kW) These are simple to construct, but may require a lot of physical space to achieve the desired heat transfer area.
4. Double-pipe exchangers is the generic term covering a range of jacketed 'U' tube exchangers normally operating in countercurrent flow of two types which is true double pipes and multitubular hairpins. One fluid flows through the smaller pipe while the other fluid flows through the annular space between the two pipes. Two types of flow arrangement: Parallel flow Counter flow
5. • The fluids may be separated by a plane wall but more commonly by a concentric tube (double pipe) arrangement shown in fig. If both the fluids move in the same direction, the arrangement is called a parallel flow type. In the counter flow arrangement the fluids move in parallel but opposite directions. In a double pipe heat exchanger, either the hot or cold fluid occupies the annular space and the other fluid moves through the inner pipe. The method of solving the problem using logarithmic mean temperature difference is typical and more iteration must be done. So it takes more time for the problem to solve. Therefore another method is practiced for solving this type of problems. This method is known as Effectiveness and Number of Transfer Units or simply ε-NTU method.“Effectiveness of heat exchangers is defined as actual heat transfer rate by maximum possible heat transfer rate”.The LMTD method may be applied to design problems for which the fluid flow rates and inlet temperatures, as well as a desired outlet temperature, are prescribed.
6. Application of Double Pipe Heat Exchanger Pasteurization or sterilization of food and bioproducts Condensers and evaporators of air conditioners Radiators for internal combustion engines Charge air coolers and intercoolers for cooling supercharged engine intake air of diesel engines.
This presentation summarizes heat exchangers, specifically double pipe heat exchangers and shell and tube heat exchangers. It provides an overview of how heat exchangers work and the key components of double pipe and shell and tube heat exchangers. Advantages of double pipe heat exchangers include their simple construction and ability to handle small heat transfer areas. Shell and tube heat exchangers are more complex but allow for greater heat transfer capacity and easier tube maintenance compared to double pipe heat exchangers.
This document discusses heat exchangers, including their types, advantages, disadvantages, and applications. It describes the main types of heat exchangers as shell and tube, double pipe, plate type, and finned tube. Shell and tube exchangers are the most widely used due to their lower cost compared to plate exchangers, though plate exchangers offer higher heat transfer efficiency. Heat exchangers are commonly used in chemical, petrochemical, food, pharmaceutical, fertilizer, textile, and power industries to transfer heat between process streams.
This document discusses heat exchangers, including their types, advantages, disadvantages, and applications. It describes the main types of heat exchangers as shell and tube, double pipe, plate type, and finned tube. Shell and tube heat exchangers are the most widely used due to their lower cost compared to plate type and ability to handle higher pressures than double pipe. Plate type heat exchangers offer higher efficiency but higher initial cost. Heat exchangers are commonly used in chemical, petrochemical, food, and other industrial processes to transfer heat between fluids.
A tube heat exchanger consists of a shell containing a bundle of tubes, with one fluid flowing through the tubes and another fluid flowing over the tubes to facilitate heat transfer. There are several types of heat exchangers that vary in their design and construction, but all aim to efficiently transfer heat from one fluid to another.
This document discusses different types of modern heat exchangers, including shell and tube, plate, spiral, plate and shell, plate fin, and microchannel heat exchangers. It describes the basic components and functions of shell and tube heat exchangers. It also outlines key advantages and disadvantages of different heat exchanger types, such as their operating pressures and temperatures, efficiency, size, maintenance requirements, and materials. The document emphasizes that heat exchanger design must optimize minimizing pressure drop, maximizing thermal performance, and minimizing entropy generation.
دراسات خاصه.pptxhfkfvjfscjfvckvsibdubfxjydvkxejvyvdiimae4
https://youtube.com/watch?v=RbmhsyYsEuk&si=vFEHLXbKnV-VFURDhttps://youtu.be/gtxryoHbBrM?si=oCr9_KxMfHwQtvILhttps://youtu.be/kXUeBTvpa94?si=SL5Qyp1cfFLoTI1Udefine about prediction in simulationsPrediction in simulations refers to the process of estimating or forecasting the future behavior or outcomes of a system based on its current state and known dynamics. Simulations are often used to model complex systems, such as physical phenomena, economic systems, or social interactions, and prediction is a crucial aspect of understanding and analyzing these systems.
In simulation-based prediction, the behavior of the system is simulated over time using mathematical models, algorithms, or computer programs. The initial conditions of the system are defined, and the simulation progresses by iteratively updating the state of the system according to the specified rules and dynamics. By observing the simulated behavior, researchers can gain insights into how the system might evolve under different conditions or scenarios.
Predictions in simulations can take various forms depending on the nature of the system being modeled. They can involve estimating the future values of specific variables, such as the position of a particle in a physical simulation or the price of a stock in an economic model. Alternatively, predictions can involve forecasting the overall behavior or trends of the system, such as predicting the spread of a disease in an epidemiological simulation or the performance of a new product in a market simulation.
It's important to note that predictions in simulations are based on assumptions and simplifications made in the models. The accuracy of the predictions depends on the quality of the model, the accuracy of the input data, and the validity of the underlying assumptions. Simulations can be used to explore different scenarios and test the sensitivity of predictions to changes in parameters or initial conditions, helping to identify potential risks, optimize strategies, or guide decision-making.define about prediction in simulationDescribe the main elements of different reservoir dynamic simulation models.
Reservoir simulation models are often referred to by types of models:
· Black-oil
A black-oil simulator does not consider changes in composition of the hydrocarbons as the field is produced, beyond the solution or evolution of dissolved gas in oil, or vaporization or dropout of condensate from gas.
· Compositional
A compositional reservoir simulator calculates the PVT properties of oil and gas phases once they have been fitted to an equation of state (EOS), as a mixture of components. The simulator then uses the fitted EOS equation to dynamically track the movement of both phases and components in field. This is accomplished at increased cost in setup time, compute time, and computer memory.
· Thermal
Thermal simulators (most commonly used for heavy crude oil applications) add conservation of energy to this list, allowing temperatures t
Shell-and-tube heat exchangers are the most common type of heat exchanger, consisting of tubes in a shell. Heat is transferred from the hot fluid inside the tubes to the cooler fluid outside without direct contact between the fluids. Other major types include double-pipe exchangers, plate and frame exchangers, and air-cooled exchangers. Spiral heat exchangers provide an alternative for applications where fouling is a problem due to their long, spiraling flow paths.
The document describes a double pipe heat exchanger and provides classifications of heat exchangers. A double pipe heat exchanger consists of two concentric pipes and connecting tees to transfer thermal energy between two fluids. Heat exchangers can be classified based on their heat transfer mechanism, construction type, flow arrangement, number of passes, and operating temperatures and pressures. Common types include plate, tubular, extended surface, and phase change heat exchangers.
Heat exchangers transfer heat from one fluid to another without direct contact between the fluids. The most common type is the shell-and-tube heat exchanger, which consists of tubes in a shell container. Fluids flow inside the tubes and outside in the shell. Other key types include double-pipe exchangers, plate-and-frame exchangers, air-cooled exchangers, and spiral exchangers. Spiral exchangers have two fluids spiraling in opposite directions to enhance heat transfer.
This presentation is on shell and tube heat exchanger in which its design parameters and its troubleshooting conditions designed for better understanding and learning of all
Type of heat exchanger. Which is mainly used in food industries, like dairy plant, for the pasturization, heat treatment of the beavrages or liquid raw material.
Heat exchangers transfer or exchange heat from one medium to another and come in several types. The main types discussed are shell-and-tube, air-cooled, double-pipe, plate-and-frame, and fin-fan coolers. Shell-and-tube heat exchangers are the most commonly used in industry and can have a fixed or floating tube sheet design. Fouling, scaling, and leaks are common problems that reduce efficiency, while cleaning methods include water jets, chemicals, or mechanical scraping. Regular maintenance includes scaffolding, inspection, cleaning, testing, and repairs to minimize issues.
Heat exchangers allow the transfer of heat between two fluids without direct contact. The main types are shell-and-tube, plate, air-cooled, and spiral. Shell-and-tube exchangers consist of tubes in a shell and are the most common, used across many industries. Plate exchangers use corrugated plates clamped together with gaskets to direct fluid flow. Spiral and air-cooled exchangers provide alternatives for applications where fouling is a problem.
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMSIJNSA Journal
The smart irrigation system represents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural and landscaping practices. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including sensors, actuators, and data analysis, empowers this system to provide accurate monitoring and control of irrigation processes by leveraging real-time environmental conditions. The main objective of a smart irrigation system is to optimize water efficiency, minimize expenses, and foster the adoption of sustainable water management methods. This paper conducts a systematic risk assessment by exploring the key components/assets and their functionalities in the smart irrigation system. The crucial role of sensors in gathering data on soil moisture, weather patterns, and plant well-being is emphasized in this system. These sensors enable intelligent decision-making in irrigation scheduling and water distribution, leading to enhanced water efficiency and sustainable water management practices. Actuators enable automated control of irrigation devices, ensuring precise and targeted water delivery to plants. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential threat and vulnerabilities associated with smart irrigation systems. It discusses limitations of the system, such as power constraints and computational capabilities, and calculates the potential security risks. The paper suggests possible risk treatment methods for effective secure system operation. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significant benefits of implementing smart irrigation systems, including improved water conservation, increased crop yield, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, based on the security analysis conducted, the paper recommends the implementation of countermeasures and security approaches to address vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. By incorporating these measures, smart irrigation technology can revolutionize water management practices in agriculture, promoting sustainability, resource efficiency, and safeguarding against potential security threats.
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)ClaraZara1
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of on Machine Learning & Applications.
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024Rahul
This document provides information about the third edition of the magazine "Sthapatya" published by the Association of Civil Engineers (Practicing) Aurangabad. It includes messages from current and past presidents of ACEP, memories and photos from past ACEP events, information on life time achievement awards given by ACEP, and a technical article on concrete maintenance, repairs and strengthening. The document highlights activities of ACEP and provides a technical educational article for members.
Low power architecture of logic gates using adiabatic techniquesnooriasukmaningtyas
The growing significance of portable systems to limit power consumption in ultra-large-scale-integration chips of very high density, has recently led to rapid and inventive progresses in low-power design. The most effective technique is adiabatic logic circuit design in energy-efficient hardware. This paper presents two adiabatic approaches for the design of low power circuits, modified positive feedback adiabatic logic (modified PFAL) and the other is direct current diode based positive feedback adiabatic logic (DC-DB PFAL). Logic gates are the preliminary components in any digital circuit design. By improving the performance of basic gates, one can improvise the whole system performance. In this paper proposed circuit design of the low power architecture of OR/NOR, AND/NAND, and XOR/XNOR gates are presented using the said approaches and their results are analyzed for powerdissipation, delay, power-delay-product and rise time and compared with the other adiabatic techniques along with the conventional complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) designs reported in the literature. It has been found that the designs with DC-DB PFAL technique outperform with the percentage improvement of 65% for NOR gate and 7% for NAND gate and 34% for XNOR gate over the modified PFAL techniques at 10 MHz respectively.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
2. Heat Exchanger is ……
A device that is used to transfer thermal energy
(enthalpy) between two or more fluids, between a solid
surface and a fluid, or between solid particulates and
a fluid,
at different temperatures
and in thermal contact.
Presentation on Heat Exchangers
3. HEAT EXCHANGERS FUNCTIONS
• Heating / Cooling / Evaporation
• Cooling of lubricants
• Heating of boiler feed water
• Condensing steam for re-use
• Preheating
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5. Classification on the basis of
Direction of Flow
HEAT EXCHANGERS
COUNTERFLOW PARALLEL FLOW CROSS FLOW HYBRID FLOW
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6. CLASSIFICATION
On the basis of Fluid Type:
• Gas to Gas
• Gas to Liquid (evaporator, condenser)
• Liquid to liquid
On the basis of Flow Pattern:
• Single Pass
• Multi Pass
On the basis of Shape & Geometry:
Shell & Tube
Double Pipe
Plate type
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7. DIVISION OF TUBULAR TYPE HEAT
EXCHANGERS
TUBULAR
SHELL
&TUBE
FURNACES TUBE IN PLATE ELEC HEATED
AIR
COOLED
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8. Selection
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High/low pressure limits
Thermal performance
Temperature ranges
Product mix (liquid/liquid, particulates or
high-solids liquid)
Pressure drops across the exchanger
Fluid flow capacity
Cost
Cleanability, maintenance and repair
Materials required for construction
Ability and ease of future expansion
10. SHELL AND TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER
• A Shell and tube heat
exchanger is the most
common type of heat
exchanger used in oil
refineries and other large
chemical process plants. As
its name implies, this type
of heat exchanger consists
of a shell (a large vessel)
with a bundle of tubes
inside it.
Presentation on Heat Exchangers
11. SHELL AND TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER
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12. TYPES OF SHELL AND TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER
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13. TYPES OF SHELL AND TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER
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14. TYPES OF SHELL AND TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER
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15. TUBE LAYOUT PATTERNS
TRIANGULAR
Accommodates more tubes
Produces high Turbulence
Limited to Clean Shell side Services
SQUARE
Where cleaning is required
It produces low turbulence
Accommodates low No of tubes
Presentation on Heat Exchangers
16. HEAT EXCHANGER
COMPONENTS
Channel partition plates.
• For exchangers with multiple tube passes,
the channels are fitted with flat metal plates
which divide the head into separate
compartments.
Shell baffles. -Use
• Shell cross baffles support the tubes at
intervals
– Prevent sag and vibration.
– Force the shell side fluid back and forth
across the bundle.
• Type:Segmental single cut baffles are the
most common
Presentation on Heat Exchangers
17. Presentation on Heat Exchangers
Shell baffles. -Type
• Longitudinal Flow Baffles (used in a two-
pass shell)
• Impingement Baffles (used for
protecting bundle when entrance
velocity is high)
• Orifice Baffles
• Single segmental
• Double segmental
• Disk and doughnut baffles
18. HEAT EXCHANGER
COMPONENTS
Tie rods.
• Tie rods are circular metal rods screwed into the stationary tube sheet and
secured at the farthest baffle by lock nuts.
• Tie rods and spacers hold the tube bundle together in the correct position.
• The No of tie rods depends on shell diameter as specified by TEMA.
Shell barrel.
• TEMA specifies minimum barrel thicknesses depending on diameter,
material and class.
• Most barrels larger than 450 mm internal diameter are fabricated from
rolled and welded plate.
• The shell barrel must be straight and true as a tightly fitting tube bundle
must be inserted.
Presentation on Heat Exchangers
21. Rear End Head Types
M-Type
Fixed Tubesheet
S-Type
Floating Head
T-Type
Pull-Through
Floating Head
Presentation on Heat Exchangers
22. 1-Channel cover
2-Stationary head channel
3-Channel flange
4-Pass partition plate
5- Tube sheet
6-Shell flange
7-Tube
8-Shell
9-Baffles
10-Floating head backing device
11-Floating tube sheet
12-Floating head
13-Floating head flange
14-Stationary head bonnet
15-Heat exchanger support
16-Shell expansion joint
Components
Shell
fluid in
Tube
fluid out
Shell-fluid
nozzle
Tube
fluid in
Shell
fluid out
Presentation on Heat Exchangers
23. HEAT EXCHANGER
COMPONENTS
Tube sheets.
• Normally 100 mm thick plate is used for Tube sheets.
• Forged discs & Clad plate used for thicker tube sheets for high
integrity service.
• Tube to tube sheet joint is commonly done Expansion of tube ends.
• explosive expansion can also be employed for tube to tube sheet
joints.
• Tube to tube sheet joint can be welded.
Presentation on Heat Exchangers
24. Shell And Tube Heat Exchanger Application
• Cooling of hydraulic fluid.
• Cooling of engine oils.
• Cool or heat swimming pool water or charged
air.
Presentation on Heat Exchangers
25. Double Pipe Heat Exchanger
• It is also known as concentric tube heat exchanger
• In this heat exchanger the fluid to be cooled or heated
passes through the tube 2(green) and the other fluid is
passed through tube 1 (red)to absorb or release the heat.
• Advantages: Cheap for both design and maintenance.
• Disadvantages: Low efficiency and requires large space.
Presentation on Heat Exchangers
28. Air Cooled Heat Exchanger
• “An Air Cooled Heat Exchanger (or Air Fin
Cooler) is a device for rejecting heat from a
fluid directly to ambient air”
• The obvious advantage of an AFC is that it
does not require water, which means that
plants requiring large cooling capacities need
not be located near a supply of cooling water.
Presentation on Heat Exchangers
29. Air Cooled Heat Exchanger
Advantages:
• Air Piping system is not required
• Larger limit of air supply volume
• No fouling/scaling outside the tubes
• More economical
• Easy maintenance
• No possibility of contamination of or from process flow
• In case of electrical malfunction, 30%- 40% cooling is
done by Natural Draft
Presentation on Heat Exchangers
30. Air Cooled Heat Exchanger
Disadvantages:
• Cooling level is limited by ambient temperature
• More electrical equipment needed
• Higher Initial Costs
• Leakage is more dangerous (Fire hazard)
• More sensitive to rains
Presentation on Heat Exchangers
32. Air Cooled Heat Exchanger-Component
An AFC consists of the following components:
• One or more bundles of heat transfer surface.
• An air-moving device, such as a fan or stack.
• Unless it is natural draft, a driver and power
transmission to mechanically rotate the fan.
Presentation on Heat Exchangers
33. Air Cooled Heat Exchanger-Component
• A support structure high enough to allow air to
enter beneath the AFC at a reasonable rate.
• Optional header and fan maintenance walkways
with ladders.
• Optional louvers for process outlet temperature
control.
• Optional variable pitch fan hub for temperature
control and power savings.
Presentation on Heat Exchangers
36. • It is composed of multiple, thin, slightly separated plates that have
very large surface areas and fluid flow passages for heat transfer.
• The plates are often spaced by rubber sealing gaskets which are
cemented into a section around the edge of the plates. The plates
are pressed to form troughs at right angles to the direction of flow
of the liquid which runs through the channels in the heat exchanger.
These troughs are arranged so that they interlink with the other
plates which forms the channel with gaps of 1.3–1.5 mm between
the plates.
Presentation on Heat Exchangers
Plate Heat Exchanger
39. WORKING OF PLATE TYPE HEAT
EXCHANGER
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40. COMPARISON OF HEAT EXCHANGERS
PLATE TYPE
• Corrugated plates mounted
and fasten together.
• Used for low temperature
and pressure.
• Larger surface area.
• Handles Non contaminated
fluids.
• Cooling media can be any
non corrosive fluid
TUBULAR TYPE
• SS or CS Tubes in side a SS or
CS Shell or other tubular
arrangement.
• Used for high temperature
and pressure.
• Low surface area.
• Suitable for handling
contaminated fluids.
• Cooling media can be any
fluid
Presentation on Heat Exchangers
41. Spiral Heat Exchanger
• A spiral heat exchanger (SHE), may refer to
a helical (coiled) tube configuration
• Efficient use of space.
• They can be easily cleaned.
• A Spiral Heat Exchangers (or SHE) is a coiled tube
arrangement, with two channels coiled one around
the another. These two channels operate in a
counter-flow arrangement, offering excellent turn
down ratios, while optimizing flow patterns which in
turn, enhance heat transfer.
Presentation on Heat Exchangers
43. Spiral Heat Exchanger Application
• Pasteurization
• Recuperates (Exhaust and Air Handling Systems)
• Sludge Treatment (Thermal depolymerisation)
Presentation on Heat Exchangers
44. Special Type
• Packinox:
• Welded plat type
• Use for clean service
• Give high heat transfer
co-efficient
• Required special
attention
• Costly
• Texas tower
• Vertical shell and tube
heat exchanger
Presentation on Heat Exchangers
45. MAINTENANCE OF HEAT EXCHANGERS
Five major steps are involved in cleaning a
small exchanger in shop:
1) Disassembly
2) Cleaning, Testing for Leaks
3) inspection & repair
4) Reassembly
5) Final Testing
Presentation on Heat Exchangers
46. MAINTENANCE OF HEAT EXCHANGERS
Testing for Leaky Tubes:
• For detection of leaky tubes, exchanger is isolated & head cover is
removed to expose the tube sheet.
• Generally, shell is filled with water & test pressure is applied for a
certain time. In case of leakage, pressure drops & water comes out
through leaky tubes.
• Plugs are inserted in leaky tubes and welded.
• Plugging of 10% tubes is allowable.
• After plugging, exchanger is again pressure tested.
Presentation on Heat Exchangers
47. CLEANING OF EXCHANGER
• Mechanical Cleaning
– Shell side (water jetting / Manual Scrapping)
– Tube side (Water jetting)
• Scale Cutters / brushes
• Lances for tube cleaning
• Chemical Cleaning
– Carbon Tetra Chloride is used to dissolve scales
which can not be scrapped Mechanically
Presentation on Heat Exchangers
48. PROBLEMS IN HEAT EXCHANGERS
1.FOULING
“ Formation of scale on the heat transfer surfaces in the heat
exchanger is called FOULLING “
EFFECTS:
• Reduction in heat transfer.
• Reduction in volume flow.
• Decrease in efficiency of exchanger.
• Increase in differential pressure
SOLUTION:
• Chemical injection
• Exchanger cleaning- Hydrojetting, Steaming, chemical washing
Presentation on Heat Exchangers
49. PROBLEMS IN HEAT EXCHANGERS
2.Tube Leaks
EFFECTS:
• Reduction in heat transfer.
• Contamination in product
• Decrease in efficiency of exchanger.
SOLUTION:
• Tube replacement or Tube plugging
Presentation on Heat Exchangers
50. PROBLEMS IN HEAT EXCHANGERS
3.Corrosion
EFFECTS:
• Thickness Reduction of tubes and shell
• Tube choking
• Increase in differential pressure
• Decrease in efficiency of exchanger.
SOLUTION:
• Tube replacement
• Surface coating
Presentation on Heat Exchangers
51. PROBLEMS IN HEAT EXCHANGERS
4.Thermal Shock
EFFECTS:
• Tube Sheet flange leak
• Tube leak
• Damage in expansion bellows
SOLUTION:
• Follow up SOPs
Presentation on Heat Exchangers
52. TESTING METHODS
• HYDROTEST
– Water is used as testing media.
– Test pressure is 1.5 times design pressure.
• PNEUMATIC
– Air is used as a testing media.
– Test pressure is 1.25 times design pressure.
• GAS TEST
– Any gas other then Air is used e.g. Nitrogen.
Presentation on Heat Exchangers
53. Things to be monitored….
• Inlet and outlet temperature of hot and cold
fluid
• Fluid velocity
• Approach temperature
• LMTD (log mean temperature deference)
• Differential Pressure
• External leakages
• Visual inspection for uneven expansion and
abnormal sound
Presentation on Heat Exchangers